寫(xiě)作
第一節(jié)命題規(guī)律
寫(xiě)作部分是對(duì)考生書(shū)面表達(dá)能力的考查，因而在命題方面有著不同于其他部分的特點(diǎn),考生應(yīng)了解其命題規(guī)律，做到心中有數(shù)。
一、改寫(xiě)句子
該節(jié)共有3道題，主要考查考生在意思相同的情況下，對(duì)不同句型的表達(dá)方式的掌握。改寫(xiě)句子基本的要求是保證改寫(xiě)后的句子和原句的意思大體相同。以填空的形式命題，考生須填補(bǔ)空白并使補(bǔ)全的句子與原句意思一致。該節(jié)要求考生要仔細(xì)閱讀原句，準(zhǔn)確理解其含義，將原句和目標(biāo)句相互比較，找出需要補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容，正確改寫(xiě)句子。
(一)改寫(xiě)句子的?？碱}型
● 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
1.Many workers built this factory in 2001.
This factoryby many workers in 2001.
【正確答案】was built
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求熟悉被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成——不同時(shí)態(tài)下系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式。
● 直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
2.He asked me,“Where are you going?”
He asked me.
【正確答案】where I was going
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)。二者互變時(shí)要注意：人稱的變化；時(shí)間表示法的變化；指示代詞的變化；一般疑問(wèn)句中疑問(wèn)詞的變化；特殊疑問(wèn)句中語(yǔ)序的變化規(guī)則等。
● There be句型的變換
【例句】
3.The room is empty.
There is in the room.
4.What can I do for you?
anything I can do for you?
【正確答案】3.nothing4.Is there
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解 there be 句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，注意系動(dòng)詞be在不同語(yǔ)境下的變化形式。
● It引導(dǎo)的形式主語(yǔ)句子與其他句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
5.He spent 4 hours in doing his homework yesterday.
It took him 4 hours his homework yesterday.
6.It seems that they like pop music.
They to like pop music.
【正確答案】5.to do6.seem
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解代詞it在句子中的各種用法。it在英語(yǔ)中是個(gè)相當(dāng)活躍的代詞，它可以作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)和引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。
● 一些習(xí)慣用法的不同表示法
第四章寫(xiě)作全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試教程(第一級(jí))【例句】
7.They have studied English for 20 years.
They began to study English .
8.He went to the class at 9 o’clock.
He didn’t go to the class 9 o’clock.
【正確答案】7.20 years ago8.until
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握英語(yǔ)中一些習(xí)慣用法的表達(dá)方式。在改寫(xiě)句子時(shí)，要求用不同的句型或不同的詞表達(dá)出相同的意思。
● 詞或詞組間的互換
【例句】
9.He spent 20 dollars buying this book.
He20 dollars this book.
10.She does well in English.
She is English.
【正確答案】9.paid...for10.good at
【規(guī)律分析】這部分考查同義詞或詞組的替換。有些詞雖然意義相近或相同，但往往在用法和結(jié)構(gòu)搭配上有區(qū)別，考生應(yīng)尤其注意。
● 句子與詞組間的互換
【例句】
11.We’re always busy with our work.
We seldom have .
12.The boy is very young. The boy can’t understand it.
The boy isyoung understand it.
【正確答案】11.free/spare time12.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些慣用詞組的用法，同時(shí)注意句子和詞組間的互換往往會(huì)使得句子結(jié)構(gòu)改變。
● 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)等基本句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
13.Don’t forget to bring your book!
to bring your book!
14.My mother is not in/at home.
My mother is.
【正確答案】13.Remember14.out
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些基本的反義詞，然后通過(guò)否定反義詞的方法達(dá)到肯定的目的。
● 反義詞
【例句】
15.I don’t think maths is as interesting as English.
I think maths is English!
16.Of all the boys in the class, John runs the fastest.
John runsany other boy in the class.
【正確答案】15.less interesting than16.faster than
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生熟悉一些形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的基本句型，如：not as (so)+原級(jí)形式+as;比較級(jí)形式+than...；高級(jí)形式+...in(of)...
● 詞形的派生
【例句】
17.The teacher told us to be careful when we did our exam.
The teacher told us to do our exam.
【正確答案】17.carefully
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生掌握一些基本的構(gòu)詞法。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中構(gòu)詞法是重要的方法之一。通過(guò)加前綴或后綴的方法可使一個(gè)詞改變?cè)~義或詞性?？忌鷳?yīng)能根據(jù)句型，將某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)變?yōu)樗枰男问健?BR> ● 從句的變換
N 主從復(fù)合句與并列句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
18.Hurry or you will be late for school.
you don’t hurry, you will be late for school.
N 從句與從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
19.He came only after the meeting was over.
He didn’t comethe meeting was over.
N 從句和不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
20.The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
The box isheavy for melift.
【正確答案】18.If 19.until20.too...to...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生了解常見(jiàn)復(fù)合句的主句與從句間的關(guān)系，掌握復(fù)合句從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法以及一些起連接作用的詞組的用法。
● 用連接詞合并兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句
【例句】
21.Jane couldn’t sing well. I couldn’t sing well, either.
JaneI could sing well.
【正確答案】21.Neither...nor...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些常見(jiàn)連詞或連詞詞組的用法。這些連接詞包括and,both...and,not only...but also, either...or,neither...nor,but,so等。
從以上命題規(guī)律分析可以看出，只有掌握了句型，才能保證準(zhǔn)確地改寫(xiě)原句而又不改變其意思。這就要求考生在平時(shí)一定要注意多積累各種句型，切實(shí)掌握大綱所要求的各種語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，對(duì)那些常見(jiàn)的重要句型和表達(dá)方式要經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)記憶。同時(shí)還要認(rèn)識(shí)到，掌握了句型并不意味可以忽略詞匯的作用，不同的句型中同一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)可能有不同的含義或作用，也可能派生出不同的形式，考生需要結(jié)合考試題型，將詞匯放在句型中記憶和學(xué)習(xí)，從而在掌握句型的同時(shí)理解詞匯。
(二)改寫(xiě)句子試題范例
下面是關(guān)于Mary昨天去商店的三對(duì)句子。每對(duì)句子中，第一句是原句，第二句是對(duì)第一句的改寫(xiě)。要求根據(jù)原句和第二句中已經(jīng)給出的部分補(bǔ)全第二句。注意不能改變?cè)涞囊馑肌?BR> 1.Many people went shopping yesterday.
There were many people yesterday.
2.Mary spent 3 hours buying New Year gifts.
It Mary 3 hours to buy New Year gifts.
3.She was so tired that she couldn’t walk any longer.
She was tiredwalk any longer.
【正確答案】1.in the shops/markets2.took3.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】第1題考查同義詞組間的轉(zhuǎn)換；第2題考查習(xí)慣用法的不同表達(dá)；第3題考查從句和不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。
二、書(shū)面表達(dá)
該節(jié)主要考查考生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá)的能力。題目以簡(jiǎn)單的文字形式為考生提供了寫(xiě)作情景，并明確提出了對(duì)考生的具體要求，即需要完成的任務(wù)。考生必須緊扣所給信息，用自己熟悉的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行表達(dá)，不可脫離情景隨意發(fā)揮，也不可逐字翻譯所給材料。考生要注意把題目中所規(guī)定的要點(diǎn)基本表達(dá)清楚。語(yǔ)言正確恰當(dāng)，意思清楚連貫，格式正確，字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求。
書(shū)面表達(dá)涉及的常見(jiàn)應(yīng)用文體：
(一)簡(jiǎn)短信函
【范例1】
情景：
假如你是從美國(guó)來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)中文的Jane,你到北京一周了。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給在美國(guó)的朋友Tom寫(xiě)一封50字左右的短信。告訴他：
·北京的天氣怎樣；
·你每天做什么；
·你對(duì)中國(guó)的感覺(jué)怎么樣。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
Dear Tom,
...
Jane
【高分范文】
Dear Tom,
I’ve already been in Beijing for a week. Beijing is a beautiful city and it has always been fine these days. We have Chinese classes every day in the morning. In the afternoon, we play games with Chinese students, and talk with them in Chinese. Chinese people are very kind. I like China very much.
Jane
【規(guī)律分析】簡(jiǎn)短信函的寫(xiě)作是該部分常見(jiàn)的考查內(nèi)容。英文信函的格式、表達(dá)方式、稱呼用語(yǔ)與中文信函有很大區(qū)別，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意這些區(qū)別，寫(xiě)出比較地道的英語(yǔ)書(shū)信，在PETS第一級(jí)的書(shū)面表達(dá)中，通常會(huì)把所需使用的格式列出，但考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)中仍需要注意寫(xiě)作格式，養(yǎng)成良好習(xí)慣，以便在考試時(shí)寫(xiě)起來(lái)流暢自如。
(二) 便條
【范例2】
情景：
放假了，你同幾個(gè)朋友約好騎車去郊游，你要通知小李，但小李恰巧有事外出。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
·你們假期要組織什么活動(dòng)；
·你們何時(shí)何地集合；
·你們?nèi)绾稳ィ?BR> ·需要帶些什么。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
Dear Xiao Li,
...
Xiao Chen
【高分范文】
Dear Xiao Li,
We’re going to go for an outing on holiday by bike. We shall meet at the station at 7:00 in the morning the day after tomorrow. If you want to go with us, you should bring some food, water and money. We hope you will join us on time.
Xiao Chen
【規(guī)律分析】便條也是PETS第一級(jí)書(shū)面表達(dá)的考查重點(diǎn)。實(shí)際上是一種簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)信，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)短，格式簡(jiǎn)單，通常只有一兩句話，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山。便條內(nèi)容包括通知、詢問(wèn)、約會(huì)、留言等。便條一般是托人遞交的或是本人臨時(shí)在某一場(chǎng)合直接留言，所談及的一般都是在一兩天內(nèi)的情況。便條通常沒(méi)有寫(xiě)信人及收信人地址，一般也沒(méi)有結(jié)束語(yǔ)等項(xiàng)，用詞隨便，比較接近于口語(yǔ)。
(三) 日記
【范例3】
情景：
你昨晚在回家的路上淋雨，晚上開(kāi)始頭疼，今天不能去上課。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇50字左右的日記，所涉及內(nèi)容有：
·為何得?。?BR> ·誰(shuí)帶你去看??；
·醫(yī)生說(shuō)了些什么。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
...
【高分范文】
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
I feel not well today. I can’t go to school because I have caught a cold.
I was caught in the rain on my way home yesterday afternoon. I began to have a headache and a temperature at midnight. My mother took me to hospital this morning. The doctor said that I got a bad cold. He gave me some medicine and told me to stay in bed for one day.
So I’m staying home now. I hope I can go to school tomorrow.
【規(guī)律分析】日記是考生比較熟悉的一種寫(xiě)作形式，為貼近生活，所以寫(xiě)起來(lái)不會(huì)很困難。格式方面需要注意：日記前面應(yīng)該有星期、年月日和天氣情況的說(shuō)明，其中月和日不可省去，其余的有時(shí)可以省略，具體寫(xiě)作格式視試題具體要求而定。
(四) 通知
【范例4】
情景：
本周六將有一位美國(guó)教授來(lái)學(xué)校講美國(guó)教育。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一張50字左右的簡(jiǎn)單通知。內(nèi)容：
·講座人；
·講座的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；
·講座的內(nèi)容。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education...
April 15,2002
【高分范文】
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education of America from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m. this Saturday in Room 301. The talk will be given by Professor Smith. He comes from America. All people will be welcomed. Please be on time and bring your pens and notebooks. Thank you.
April 15,2002
【規(guī)律分析】通知是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)，組織對(duì)成員部署工作、召開(kāi)會(huì)議或傳達(dá)事情等使用的一種應(yīng)用文。這種通知通常張貼在布告欄內(nèi)，一般包括四部分：
（1）標(biāo)題；
（2）正文；
（3）單位名稱（有時(shí)可以省略）；
（4）日期。
通知的內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)潔明了，不要寫(xiě)得冗長(zhǎng)繁瑣或含糊其辭。通知的語(yǔ)言一般不帶感情色彩，要盡量少用形容詞、副詞、俚語(yǔ)和俗語(yǔ)等。
第二節(jié)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
第一節(jié)以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為準(zhǔn)。第二節(jié)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：
一、評(píng)分原則
1.該節(jié)總分為10,按5個(gè)檔次給分。
2.評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來(lái)衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，后給分。
3.字?jǐn)?shù)少于40或多于60的（不包括標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)）從總分中減去1分。
4.評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、運(yùn)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性。
5.拼寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫(xiě)及詞匯用法均可接受。
6.如書(shū)寫(xiě)較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。
二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求
1.第五檔（9～10分)完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。
(2)運(yùn)用多種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。
(3)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯準(zhǔn)確。
2.第四檔（7～8分）較好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要求。
(2)盡力運(yùn)用不同語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。
(3)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要因?yàn)閲L試復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。
3.第三檔（5～6分）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。
(2)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面能滿足任務(wù)的基本要求。
(3)有一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解。
4.第二檔（3～4分）雖盡力但不足以完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)僅覆蓋部分主要內(nèi)容，或?qū)懥艘恍o(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容。
(2)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯運(yùn)用能力很弱。
(3)有許多語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的理解。
5.第一檔（1～2分）未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)明顯未理解題意，導(dǎo)致未能完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(2)句子不完整或無(wú)法理解。
(3)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面錯(cuò)誤連篇，影響了對(duì)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的理解；語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力差。
6.0分未答題，或雖作答但不知所云。
第三節(jié)題型分析
一、改寫(xiě)句子
該節(jié)基本的一項(xiàng)要求是保證改寫(xiě)后的句子和原句的意思大體保持不變。這種改寫(xiě)是以填空的形式命題，即目標(biāo)句里留有一處空白,考生填補(bǔ)空白并使補(bǔ)全的句子與原句意思一致。因此考生要仔細(xì)閱讀原句，準(zhǔn)確理解原句的含義，將原句和目標(biāo)句相互比較，才能找出需要補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容，保證改寫(xiě)正確。下面對(duì)各種句型進(jìn)行分類講解。
（一）包含There be 的句型
There be句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There be + (數(shù)字) + 名詞+表示方位或范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)+（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），了解了這一基本結(jié)構(gòu)，就能找出句中應(yīng)該進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換或補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容。如：Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 There were many Chinese friends at the party.（PETS1大綱樣題71題）。很明顯，原句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞party在目標(biāo)句中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，我們補(bǔ)入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)即可。
There be 句型在某些時(shí)候還可以與含有 have 的句子相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：There are two chairs in my bedroom.可轉(zhuǎn)換為I have two chairs in my bedroom.目標(biāo)句所有的物品以及場(chǎng)所都與原句相同，所以只能將其轉(zhuǎn)換為由 have 表示的所屬形式。
There are tears on her face.轉(zhuǎn)換為 She is crying.在這一句中，目標(biāo)句只有簡(jiǎn)單的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，但我們可以通過(guò)對(duì)原句內(nèi)容的理解得知“她的臉上有淚?！薄八蘖恕薄?BR> （二）包含it的句型
it用作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +adj.+to do sth.可以改為Doing sth.is+adj.如：It’s interesting to play football.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為Playing football is interesting.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型通常強(qiáng)調(diào)人、物或時(shí)間。將it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型轉(zhuǎn)換為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句型也是經(jīng)?？疾榈囊豁?xiàng)內(nèi)容。例如：It is Jack who broke the window. 轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack broke the window. It is ten o’clock when the film will start.轉(zhuǎn)換為 The film will start at ten o’clock. It is the red dress that I like best.轉(zhuǎn)換為 I like the red dress best.
（三）主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
當(dāng)你在比較原句與目標(biāo)句時(shí)，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一句的賓語(yǔ)變成了另一句的主語(yǔ)，或介詞by后面的詞句變成了另一句的主語(yǔ)，基本就可以確定這是一個(gè)主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Jack was given a lot of presents by his friends.轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack’s friends gave him a lot of presents.（PETS1大綱樣題72題）
（四）直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
這兩種句子的轉(zhuǎn)換比較明顯，原句和目標(biāo)句中，有一句會(huì)出現(xiàn)引號(hào)，另一句沒(méi)有引號(hào)，依此可以確定這是直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Mary said：“Ann is the best student in the class this year.”轉(zhuǎn)換為Mary told me that Ann was the best student in the class that year.Mum asked me where I was going to go.轉(zhuǎn)換為Mum asked：“Where are you going to go？”
（五）其他句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
除以上提到的四種句型轉(zhuǎn)換外，還有其他一些形式的句型轉(zhuǎn)換，這些句型比較零散，覆蓋面廣，平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意歸納總結(jié)規(guī)律性的東西，比較和掌握一些可以互換的同義詞或近義詞，以備考場(chǎng)上靈活運(yùn)用。這里以能夠互換的典型詞組為線索，歸納舉例，供考生參考：prefer－like－would－rather，hard－difficult,too...to－so that, be good at－do well in， What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句－How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句等等。
二、書(shū)面表達(dá)
本部分要求考生根據(jù)題目所給信息用英文寫(xiě)便條或短信。在完成這一任務(wù)時(shí)，考生需要注意的主要一點(diǎn)就是不要遺忘題目中有用的信息。參照下題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些有用信息主要來(lái)自于題目中的情景和任務(wù)兩處。任務(wù)欄下的三點(diǎn)信息一目了然?？忌话悴粫?huì)遺漏，需要注意的是不要遺忘包含在情景中的那一條信息。下面分析這個(gè)題目：
情景：Tom來(lái)北京跟你一起度暑假，住在你家。今天下午，你有事外出。出門(mén)時(shí)，他還在睡覺(jué)。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
在家里可以干什么；
你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)；
提醒他下午有何安排。（PETS1大綱樣題74題）
該題除了“在家里可以干什么。你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)。提醒他下午有何安排?！边@三點(diǎn)之外，還要加上一點(diǎn)，即今天上午，你有事外出。這一點(diǎn)包含在情景當(dāng)中。
下面給出該題的范文：
Dear Tom,
I have to go out this morning.(交代了今天上午，你有事外出。)You can read some story books or walk around the area.(告訴了他在家里可以干什么。)I’ll come back at about 11:30.(說(shuō)明你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)。)After dinner, we’ll go to the Beijing Zoo.(提醒他下午有何安排。)
Li Ming
第四節(jié)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)
一、統(tǒng)籌安排時(shí)間
寫(xiě)作部分共20分鐘，約占全部考試時(shí)間的20％。在20分鐘內(nèi)，考生要完成對(duì)題目要求的閱讀、更改三個(gè)句子、寫(xiě)完一篇作文，時(shí)間比較緊張。因此統(tǒng)籌安排時(shí)間非常重要。為在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)較好地完成題目的要求，在時(shí)間分配上，改寫(xiě)句子部分不要超過(guò)5分鐘，這一部分分值較少，而且答案單一，對(duì)錯(cuò)分明，易于完成；15分鐘留給作文，作文需要組織材料，構(gòu)思語(yǔ)句，加工潤(rùn)色，整個(gè)過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜。因此要多安排時(shí)間。
二、確定寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容
由于一級(jí)的作文相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，所以寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的確定也就相對(duì)比較容易。只要考生抓住題目當(dāng)中的有用信息就不會(huì)跑題。在閱讀題目指示時(shí)，要開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋，首先找出包含在情景和任務(wù)中的幾點(diǎn)信息（通常為四點(diǎn)）,根據(jù)這些信息來(lái)安排內(nèi)容，確定主題，動(dòng)手寫(xiě)作。
三、控制字?jǐn)?shù)
一級(jí)考試其試卷中明確規(guī)定作文的字?jǐn)?shù)為50個(gè)單詞左右，大綱中的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提到“字?jǐn)?shù)少于40或多于60的（不包括標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)）從總分中減去1分”，所以考生要特別注意作文的字?jǐn)?shù)。只要內(nèi)容緊扣情景和任務(wù)中已給出的信息，不寫(xiě)與主題無(wú)關(guān)的話，每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)用一句話表述清楚，基本上可以將字?jǐn)?shù)控制在50個(gè)左右。
四、保持卷面整潔
大綱中的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中明確指出“如書(shū)寫(xiě)較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次?！彼裕跁?shū)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，好先打腹稿，以免下筆后再涂改，造成卷面的臟亂。平時(shí)也要養(yǎng)成良好的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣。否則，因?yàn)闀?shū)寫(xiě)問(wèn)題而降低作文的檔次，就很可惜了。
五、檢查
寫(xiě)完后，還需要以讀者和閱卷人的眼光，將文章審讀一遍，找出在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的一些問(wèn)題，如單詞的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤、詞組搭配錯(cuò)誤和句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤等，以及寫(xiě)出的東西是否達(dá)到了題目的要求，是否表達(dá)出了自己想要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。
另外，一級(jí)的寫(xiě)作依據(jù)是具體情景，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的實(shí)用性和真實(shí)性。所以，平時(shí)要注意觀察生活，積累生活常識(shí)，這樣在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，才能下筆有物。
第五節(jié)改寫(xiě)句子
一、改寫(xiě)句子練習(xí)
1.It’s very kind of you to bring me the flowers.
Thank you very much.
2.He sold newspapers in spare time so that he can earn more money for his family.
he sold newspapers in spare time.
3.We are proud because we are the builders of the new century.
We are proudthe builders of the new century.
4.He doesn’t like shopping, I don’t either.
likes shopping.
5.The students said that they won’t be free that night.
The students said that theythat night.
6.The teacher told us not to make noise .
The teacher told us.
7.She has made a name for herself as a painter.
Sheas a painter.
8.He has lost the control over his temper.
Hehis temper any longer.
9.He has written quite a few books on the subject.
Quite a few bookson the subject.
10.Today pollution is more serious than it was years ago.
Pollution yearsagoit is today.
11.People hold the Olympic Games every four years.
The Olympic Gamesevery four years.
12.I think the room is small for my family.
I don’t thinkfor my family.
13.Jack enjoys listening to the radio.He also enjoys watching TV.
Jack enjoys listening to the radioas watching TV.
14.The new job made Henry angry easily.
Henryangry easily his new job.
15.Jack left his lunch at home.
Jackhis lunch.
16.It’s necessary for you to change your dress.
You needyour dress.
17.Bill will have the radio repaired.
Bill will askrepair the radio for him.
18.I could do with a simple lunch.
A simple lunchfine with me.
19.When she awoke,she had a feeling of terror.
She awokeof terror.
20.If you are lucky enough, you may get your novel published.
Withluck, you may get your novel published.
21.She is too carless to take care of her baby brother.
She isenough to take care of her baby brother.
22.He felt so hot that he took off his shirt.
It was too hotkeep wearing the shirt.
23.Mary does not like ice瞔ream as much as John does.
John likes ice瞔reamMary does.
24.We have to plant the beans in a row.
The beansin a row.
25.Sally was walking down the street in her new coat when John saw her.
John saw Sallyshe was walking down the street.
26.The book I wanted is not to be found in the library.
The librarythe book I wanted.
27.When did he break his leg?
How longhe break his leg?
28.Mrs.King was busy, so she didn’t come to the English party.
Mrs.King didn’t come to the English party she was busy.
29.Nothing is wrong with your bike.
anything wrong with your bike.
30.Let’s go skating, shall we?
going skating?
31.My parents aren’t at home at the moment.
My parents aren’t at home.
32.They started to look for the lost child.
Theyto look for the lost child.
33.He looked at me in surprise when I told him the news.
Helook at me when I told him the news.
34.The workers are still working hard at noon.
The workers are still working hardthe day.
35.Class 4 will have a match with Class 5 this afternoon.
Class 4 willClass 5 this afternoon.
36.It was raining when I went home yesterday.
yesterday, it was raining.
37.The eraser goes from one student to another.
The mustthe eraser fromto another.
38.Go down this road, and turn right at the first crossing.
this road, andthe firstthe right.
39.John is a Canadian.
JohnCanada.
40.The other students must close their eyes.
The other students musttheir eyes.
41.The headmaster took his place, and the meeting began at once.
The meeting beganthe headmaster took his place.
42.There is a hospital opposite the shop.
There is a hospitalthe shop.
43.She always works hard at English.
She always.
44.Which month do you like best?
Which yourmonth.
45.Wei Hua had a very busy day yesterday.
Wei Huavery busy yesterday.
46.Kate came to school late yesterday.
Kate yesterday.
47.Don’t hurry. You can finish the work by supper.
. You can finish the work by supper.
48.Mr.Smith did not catch the last train yesterday because of rain.
Mr. Smiththe last train yesterday because of rain.
49.There will be an important meeting. He must attend it.
He has an important meeting .
50.I have no sisters.
Ihavesisters.
51.He spent 5 dollars buying that skirt.
That skirt him 5 dollars.
52.They got up early so that they could catch the bus.
They got up early catch the bus.
53.My mother bought me a watch yesterday.
My mother bought me yesterday.
54.Why did you do that?
did you do that?
55.He was surprised to find the light had gone out.
his, he found the light had gone out.
56.That morning she went to school in a hurry.
That morning sheschool.
57.The little girl took out her new toy(玩具)to let her friends look at it.
The little girl took out her new toy toit her friends.
58.It rained very hard last night.
Therelast night.
59.It will not rain tomorrow. If so, they will go to the park.
They will go to the park iftomorrow.
60.The school needs maths teachers very much.
The school isgreatmaths teachers.
二、改寫(xiě)句子練習(xí)答案
1.for the flowers you brought me
2.In order to earn more money for his family
3.enough to be4.Neither of us
5.will be busy6.to be quiet
7.became famous8.could not control
9.have been written10.was not so serious years, as
11.are held12.the room is big enough
13.as well14.got, because of
15.didn’t bring16.to change
17.someone to18.is
19.with a feeling20.a lot of
21.not careful22.for him to
23.more than24.have to be planted
25.in her new coat when26.does not have
27.ago did28.because
29.There isn’t30.What about
31.right now32.set out
33.was surprised to34.in the middle of
35.play against36.On my way home
37.students,pass,one38.Walk along, take, turning,on
39.comes from(或 is from)40.keep, closed
41.as soon as42.on the other side of
43.studies English hard44.is, favourite
45.was46.was late for school
47.Take your time48.missed
49.to attend50.don’t, any
51.cost52.in order to (so as to)
53.a watch for54.What,for
55.To,surprise56.hurried to
57.show, to58.was a heavy rain
59.does not rain60.in ,need of
第六節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)
一、書(shū)面表達(dá)練習(xí)
1.情景：潘力和劉一是校友。潘力手頭有兩張?jiān)诒本┱褂[館舉辦的家用電腦展覽會(huì)的門(mén)票。
任務(wù)：假定你是潘力，留一張便條給劉一，約她星期日上午9時(shí)在學(xué)校4號(hào)門(mén)見(jiàn)面，然后一起去參觀展覽會(huì)。
2.情景：Smith先生三個(gè)星期前買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)冰箱。昨天冰箱出了故障，發(fā)出一種奇怪的聲音，不再工作了。
任務(wù)：假定你是Smith先生，給商店經(jīng)理寫(xiě)一封信，要求盡快派人來(lái)修理。
3.情景：美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)來(lái)訪教授John Gardner博士將于11月11日星期三上午9時(shí)在3號(hào)樓202教室作講座。內(nèi)容是金融領(lǐng)域新動(dòng)向。
任務(wù)：假定你是金融系的教學(xué)秘書(shū)，寫(xiě)一則通知，歡迎有興趣的人來(lái)聽(tīng)這一講座。
4.任務(wù)：根據(jù)下列提示，給朋友李敏寫(xiě)一封短信。
（1）祝賀她數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽獲得第一名；
（2）對(duì)她的成功并不感到奇怪，因?yàn)樗回炃趭^刻苦；
（3）她的努力給自己作出了榜樣；
（4）希望聽(tīng)到更多有關(guān)她的好消息。
5.情景：假定你是曉光，與周輝是同桌，上次你的父母問(wèn)起過(guò)他的情況，因?yàn)闆](méi)有時(shí)間，不能詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。
任務(wù)：現(xiàn)在，寫(xiě)一封60字左右的短信跟他們說(shuō)明周輝的情況。
（1）他身體高大，強(qiáng)壯，會(huì)做很多事情；
（2）他學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)很好；
（3）從不飲酒，總是按時(shí)回寢室；
（4）我們都很喜歡他。
6.情景：你有一個(gè)臺(tái)灣朋友，叫劉建民，昨天驚聞那里發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈地震，你很為他擔(dān)心。
任務(wù)：寫(xiě)一封60字左右的短信問(wèn)候他。假定你是李國(guó)良。
（1）從報(bào)上得知他居住的城市發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈地震；
（2）地震破壞性很大，給人民的生活造成很大的影響；
（3）衷心地希望他和他的家人能平安無(wú)事；
（4）希望能早點(diǎn)聽(tīng)到他的音信。
7.情景：你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)不是很好，所以，兩個(gè)月以前你曾委托同學(xué)小芳幫你找一位英語(yǔ)教師補(bǔ)課，可是到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有消息，你很著急。
任務(wù)：寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條給小芳，向她追問(wèn)此事，假定你是李君。
（1）她曾經(jīng)答應(yīng)過(guò)要給你找一位英語(yǔ)老師；
（2）如今兩個(gè)月過(guò)去了，不知此事怎樣了；
（3）你急需一位英語(yǔ)老師；
（4）如能答復(fù)將不勝感激。
8.情景：假定你是駿偉，即將要去廣州出差，請(qǐng)你的同學(xué)王頡幫你預(yù)訂廣州的旅館房間。
任務(wù)：寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條給王頡，要他以你的名義預(yù)訂房間。
（1）你將在6月28日，星期三下午到達(dá)廣州；
（2）需要有浴室的單人房間；
（3）好在三樓。
9.情景:假如你是商店的營(yíng)業(yè)員，李南上次來(lái)買(mǎi)襯衫，有他的尺寸，但是沒(méi)有藍(lán)色的。李南就向你預(yù)訂了一件，現(xiàn)在貨已到。
任務(wù)：給李南寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條。
（1）李南上次曾經(jīng)來(lái)你店買(mǎi)過(guò)襯衫，但是沒(méi)有買(mǎi)到合適的；
（2）上次要買(mǎi)的襯衫已經(jīng)到貨；
（3）問(wèn)他什么時(shí)候來(lái)買(mǎi)；
（4）來(lái)之前請(qǐng)先打個(gè)電話。
10.情景：曹君和孫潔約好在星期天去海濱（the beach）游泳，可是曹君的爺爺意外地被自行車撞倒，因此，她不想去了，假定你是曹君。
任務(wù)：給孫潔寫(xiě)一封50字左右的字條，告訴她此事。
（1）本來(lái)約好和她一起去海濱游泳；
（2）不幸的是，你的爺爺被自行車撞了，你得留下來(lái)照顧他；
（3）恐怕不能和她一起去海濱了，感到很抱歉；
（4）約她下星期天再去海濱。
二、書(shū)面表達(dá)練習(xí)參考答案
1.
Now.9,1996
Dear Liu Yi,
I’ve got two tickets for Beijing Exhibition on Sunday. They are for the PERSONAL COMPUTER SHOW in the exhibiton.I’m sure you’ll be interested in it.If so, we could go there together. Shall we meet at Gate Four at 9 a.m. on Sunday morning?Please let me know if it’s OK with you as soon as possible.
Pan Li
2.
Dear Sir,
Three weeks ago, I bought a MEILING refrigerator from your shop. It had been working quite well till this morning. It does not work any more and there is a strange noise from the back of it. Would you please send someone to have a look at it? I am at home over the weekend.
I would be very much grateful if your mechanic comes and do that for me this coming weekend. Thanks a lot.
My address is as follows: 9 Xiang Yang Road, Shanghai.
Yours,
J.Smith
3.
Notice
Visiting professor Dr.John Gardner from Yale University is to give us a lecture on banking. Dr.Gardner has given all his time to the study of banking and he will tell us the latest developments in this field. Those who are interested in this topic are welcome.
Time: 9:00 a.m. Wednesday, November 11
Place: Room 202, Building 3
4.
Dear Li Min,
How nice to learn that you have won the first prize in the maths contest. Congratulations! I am not surprised at your success. You have been working so hard at it for the last few months! You have set a good example for us all.
Hope to hear more of your successes.
Yang Yang
5.
Dear Father and Mother,
Zhouhui is my deskmate. He’s tall and strong. He is very clever with his hands and can fix almost anything. In study he is good, too. He works very hard and usually gets good grades. Unlike many others, Zhouhui doesn’t smoke or drink. And he never comes back to the bedroom very late.
Zhouhui is my roommate, too. Everybody says he is a very good guy. And we all like him very much.
Love
Xiao Guang
6.
Dear Mr.Liu,
I learn with dismay from today’s paper that a severe earthquake happened in your city two days ago. It was indeed the sharpest one ever experienced and produced great effect on people’s life there. Your neighborhood was in the area of the earthquake center. I do hope you and you family have escaped without harm.
Looking forward to hearing from you in detail.
Yours sincerely,
Li Guoliang
7.
Dear Xiao Fang,
You promised to recommend me an English teacher. But two months have elapsed since we talked on this matter. What is the situation now? I am urgently in need of the teacher. I shall be grateful if you can give me an answer very soon.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Sincerely,
Li Jun
8.
Dear Wang Jie,
I’m leaving for Guangzhou on business trip on Wednesday afternoon, 28 June. Would you please help me to reserve one single room with private bath for me for that night. It would be most preferable if it is to be on the third floor.
Thank you for your kindness.
Yours faithfully,
Jun Wei
9.
Dear Li Nan,
Last Saturday, you came to our store to buy a blue shirt, size 39. Unfortunately, we have your size, but not in that color. Now, we have the shirt that you ordered. Please come to our store to buy it. By the way, before you come please give a call.
Sincerely,
The shop assistant
10.
Dear Sun Jie,
I had hoped to go swimming at the beach with you. But unfortunately, my grandpa was kn ocked down by a bike and I had to send him to hospital yesterday. So I’m afraid I can’t go with you tomorrow because I have to stay to look after him. I really beg your pardon. By the way,shall we go to the beach next Sunday?
Cao Jun
第一節(jié)命題規(guī)律
寫(xiě)作部分是對(duì)考生書(shū)面表達(dá)能力的考查，因而在命題方面有著不同于其他部分的特點(diǎn),考生應(yīng)了解其命題規(guī)律，做到心中有數(shù)。
一、改寫(xiě)句子
該節(jié)共有3道題，主要考查考生在意思相同的情況下，對(duì)不同句型的表達(dá)方式的掌握。改寫(xiě)句子基本的要求是保證改寫(xiě)后的句子和原句的意思大體相同。以填空的形式命題，考生須填補(bǔ)空白并使補(bǔ)全的句子與原句意思一致。該節(jié)要求考生要仔細(xì)閱讀原句，準(zhǔn)確理解其含義，將原句和目標(biāo)句相互比較，找出需要補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容，正確改寫(xiě)句子。
(一)改寫(xiě)句子的?？碱}型
● 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
1.Many workers built this factory in 2001.
This factoryby many workers in 2001.
【正確答案】was built
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求熟悉被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成——不同時(shí)態(tài)下系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式。
● 直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
2.He asked me,“Where are you going?”
He asked me.
【正確答案】where I was going
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)。二者互變時(shí)要注意：人稱的變化；時(shí)間表示法的變化；指示代詞的變化；一般疑問(wèn)句中疑問(wèn)詞的變化；特殊疑問(wèn)句中語(yǔ)序的變化規(guī)則等。
● There be句型的變換
【例句】
3.The room is empty.
There is in the room.
4.What can I do for you?
anything I can do for you?
【正確答案】3.nothing4.Is there
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解 there be 句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，注意系動(dòng)詞be在不同語(yǔ)境下的變化形式。
● It引導(dǎo)的形式主語(yǔ)句子與其他句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
5.He spent 4 hours in doing his homework yesterday.
It took him 4 hours his homework yesterday.
6.It seems that they like pop music.
They to like pop music.
【正確答案】5.to do6.seem
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解代詞it在句子中的各種用法。it在英語(yǔ)中是個(gè)相當(dāng)活躍的代詞，它可以作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)和引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。
● 一些習(xí)慣用法的不同表示法
第四章寫(xiě)作全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試教程(第一級(jí))【例句】
7.They have studied English for 20 years.
They began to study English .
8.He went to the class at 9 o’clock.
He didn’t go to the class 9 o’clock.
【正確答案】7.20 years ago8.until
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握英語(yǔ)中一些習(xí)慣用法的表達(dá)方式。在改寫(xiě)句子時(shí)，要求用不同的句型或不同的詞表達(dá)出相同的意思。
● 詞或詞組間的互換
【例句】
9.He spent 20 dollars buying this book.
He20 dollars this book.
10.She does well in English.
She is English.
【正確答案】9.paid...for10.good at
【規(guī)律分析】這部分考查同義詞或詞組的替換。有些詞雖然意義相近或相同，但往往在用法和結(jié)構(gòu)搭配上有區(qū)別，考生應(yīng)尤其注意。
● 句子與詞組間的互換
【例句】
11.We’re always busy with our work.
We seldom have .
12.The boy is very young. The boy can’t understand it.
The boy isyoung understand it.
【正確答案】11.free/spare time12.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些慣用詞組的用法，同時(shí)注意句子和詞組間的互換往往會(huì)使得句子結(jié)構(gòu)改變。
● 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)等基本句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
13.Don’t forget to bring your book!
to bring your book!
14.My mother is not in/at home.
My mother is.
【正確答案】13.Remember14.out
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些基本的反義詞，然后通過(guò)否定反義詞的方法達(dá)到肯定的目的。
● 反義詞
【例句】
15.I don’t think maths is as interesting as English.
I think maths is English!
16.Of all the boys in the class, John runs the fastest.
John runsany other boy in the class.
【正確答案】15.less interesting than16.faster than
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生熟悉一些形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的基本句型，如：not as (so)+原級(jí)形式+as;比較級(jí)形式+than...；高級(jí)形式+...in(of)...
● 詞形的派生
【例句】
17.The teacher told us to be careful when we did our exam.
The teacher told us to do our exam.
【正確答案】17.carefully
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生掌握一些基本的構(gòu)詞法。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中構(gòu)詞法是重要的方法之一。通過(guò)加前綴或后綴的方法可使一個(gè)詞改變?cè)~義或詞性?？忌鷳?yīng)能根據(jù)句型，將某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)變?yōu)樗枰男问健?BR> ● 從句的變換
N 主從復(fù)合句與并列句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
18.Hurry or you will be late for school.
you don’t hurry, you will be late for school.
N 從句與從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
19.He came only after the meeting was over.
He didn’t comethe meeting was over.
N 從句和不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
20.The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
The box isheavy for melift.
【正確答案】18.If 19.until20.too...to...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生了解常見(jiàn)復(fù)合句的主句與從句間的關(guān)系，掌握復(fù)合句從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法以及一些起連接作用的詞組的用法。
● 用連接詞合并兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句
【例句】
21.Jane couldn’t sing well. I couldn’t sing well, either.
JaneI could sing well.
【正確答案】21.Neither...nor...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些常見(jiàn)連詞或連詞詞組的用法。這些連接詞包括and,both...and,not only...but also, either...or,neither...nor,but,so等。
從以上命題規(guī)律分析可以看出，只有掌握了句型，才能保證準(zhǔn)確地改寫(xiě)原句而又不改變其意思。這就要求考生在平時(shí)一定要注意多積累各種句型，切實(shí)掌握大綱所要求的各種語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，對(duì)那些常見(jiàn)的重要句型和表達(dá)方式要經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)記憶。同時(shí)還要認(rèn)識(shí)到，掌握了句型并不意味可以忽略詞匯的作用，不同的句型中同一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)可能有不同的含義或作用，也可能派生出不同的形式，考生需要結(jié)合考試題型，將詞匯放在句型中記憶和學(xué)習(xí)，從而在掌握句型的同時(shí)理解詞匯。
(二)改寫(xiě)句子試題范例
下面是關(guān)于Mary昨天去商店的三對(duì)句子。每對(duì)句子中，第一句是原句，第二句是對(duì)第一句的改寫(xiě)。要求根據(jù)原句和第二句中已經(jīng)給出的部分補(bǔ)全第二句。注意不能改變?cè)涞囊馑肌?BR> 1.Many people went shopping yesterday.
There were many people yesterday.
2.Mary spent 3 hours buying New Year gifts.
It Mary 3 hours to buy New Year gifts.
3.She was so tired that she couldn’t walk any longer.
She was tiredwalk any longer.
【正確答案】1.in the shops/markets2.took3.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】第1題考查同義詞組間的轉(zhuǎn)換；第2題考查習(xí)慣用法的不同表達(dá)；第3題考查從句和不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。
二、書(shū)面表達(dá)
該節(jié)主要考查考生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá)的能力。題目以簡(jiǎn)單的文字形式為考生提供了寫(xiě)作情景，并明確提出了對(duì)考生的具體要求，即需要完成的任務(wù)。考生必須緊扣所給信息，用自己熟悉的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行表達(dá)，不可脫離情景隨意發(fā)揮，也不可逐字翻譯所給材料。考生要注意把題目中所規(guī)定的要點(diǎn)基本表達(dá)清楚。語(yǔ)言正確恰當(dāng)，意思清楚連貫，格式正確，字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求。
書(shū)面表達(dá)涉及的常見(jiàn)應(yīng)用文體：
(一)簡(jiǎn)短信函
【范例1】
情景：
假如你是從美國(guó)來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)中文的Jane,你到北京一周了。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給在美國(guó)的朋友Tom寫(xiě)一封50字左右的短信。告訴他：
·北京的天氣怎樣；
·你每天做什么；
·你對(duì)中國(guó)的感覺(jué)怎么樣。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
Dear Tom,
...
Jane
【高分范文】
Dear Tom,
I’ve already been in Beijing for a week. Beijing is a beautiful city and it has always been fine these days. We have Chinese classes every day in the morning. In the afternoon, we play games with Chinese students, and talk with them in Chinese. Chinese people are very kind. I like China very much.
Jane
【規(guī)律分析】簡(jiǎn)短信函的寫(xiě)作是該部分常見(jiàn)的考查內(nèi)容。英文信函的格式、表達(dá)方式、稱呼用語(yǔ)與中文信函有很大區(qū)別，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意這些區(qū)別，寫(xiě)出比較地道的英語(yǔ)書(shū)信，在PETS第一級(jí)的書(shū)面表達(dá)中，通常會(huì)把所需使用的格式列出，但考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)中仍需要注意寫(xiě)作格式，養(yǎng)成良好習(xí)慣，以便在考試時(shí)寫(xiě)起來(lái)流暢自如。
(二) 便條
【范例2】
情景：
放假了，你同幾個(gè)朋友約好騎車去郊游，你要通知小李，但小李恰巧有事外出。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
·你們假期要組織什么活動(dòng)；
·你們何時(shí)何地集合；
·你們?nèi)绾稳ィ?BR> ·需要帶些什么。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
Dear Xiao Li,
...
Xiao Chen
【高分范文】
Dear Xiao Li,
We’re going to go for an outing on holiday by bike. We shall meet at the station at 7:00 in the morning the day after tomorrow. If you want to go with us, you should bring some food, water and money. We hope you will join us on time.
Xiao Chen
【規(guī)律分析】便條也是PETS第一級(jí)書(shū)面表達(dá)的考查重點(diǎn)。實(shí)際上是一種簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)信，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)短，格式簡(jiǎn)單，通常只有一兩句話，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山。便條內(nèi)容包括通知、詢問(wèn)、約會(huì)、留言等。便條一般是托人遞交的或是本人臨時(shí)在某一場(chǎng)合直接留言，所談及的一般都是在一兩天內(nèi)的情況。便條通常沒(méi)有寫(xiě)信人及收信人地址，一般也沒(méi)有結(jié)束語(yǔ)等項(xiàng)，用詞隨便，比較接近于口語(yǔ)。
(三) 日記
【范例3】
情景：
你昨晚在回家的路上淋雨，晚上開(kāi)始頭疼，今天不能去上課。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇50字左右的日記，所涉及內(nèi)容有：
·為何得?。?BR> ·誰(shuí)帶你去看??；
·醫(yī)生說(shuō)了些什么。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
...
【高分范文】
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
I feel not well today. I can’t go to school because I have caught a cold.
I was caught in the rain on my way home yesterday afternoon. I began to have a headache and a temperature at midnight. My mother took me to hospital this morning. The doctor said that I got a bad cold. He gave me some medicine and told me to stay in bed for one day.
So I’m staying home now. I hope I can go to school tomorrow.
【規(guī)律分析】日記是考生比較熟悉的一種寫(xiě)作形式，為貼近生活，所以寫(xiě)起來(lái)不會(huì)很困難。格式方面需要注意：日記前面應(yīng)該有星期、年月日和天氣情況的說(shuō)明，其中月和日不可省去，其余的有時(shí)可以省略，具體寫(xiě)作格式視試題具體要求而定。
(四) 通知
【范例4】
情景：
本周六將有一位美國(guó)教授來(lái)學(xué)校講美國(guó)教育。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一張50字左右的簡(jiǎn)單通知。內(nèi)容：
·講座人；
·講座的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；
·講座的內(nèi)容。
請(qǐng)用下列格式：
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education...
April 15,2002
【高分范文】
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education of America from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m. this Saturday in Room 301. The talk will be given by Professor Smith. He comes from America. All people will be welcomed. Please be on time and bring your pens and notebooks. Thank you.
April 15,2002
【規(guī)律分析】通知是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)，組織對(duì)成員部署工作、召開(kāi)會(huì)議或傳達(dá)事情等使用的一種應(yīng)用文。這種通知通常張貼在布告欄內(nèi)，一般包括四部分：
（1）標(biāo)題；
（2）正文；
（3）單位名稱（有時(shí)可以省略）；
（4）日期。
通知的內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)潔明了，不要寫(xiě)得冗長(zhǎng)繁瑣或含糊其辭。通知的語(yǔ)言一般不帶感情色彩，要盡量少用形容詞、副詞、俚語(yǔ)和俗語(yǔ)等。
第二節(jié)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
第一節(jié)以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為準(zhǔn)。第二節(jié)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：
一、評(píng)分原則
1.該節(jié)總分為10,按5個(gè)檔次給分。
2.評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來(lái)衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，后給分。
3.字?jǐn)?shù)少于40或多于60的（不包括標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)）從總分中減去1分。
4.評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、運(yùn)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性。
5.拼寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫(xiě)及詞匯用法均可接受。
6.如書(shū)寫(xiě)較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。
二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求
1.第五檔（9～10分)完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。
(2)運(yùn)用多種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。
(3)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯準(zhǔn)確。
2.第四檔（7～8分）較好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要求。
(2)盡力運(yùn)用不同語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。
(3)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要因?yàn)閲L試復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。
3.第三檔（5～6分）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。
(2)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面能滿足任務(wù)的基本要求。
(3)有一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解。
4.第二檔（3～4分）雖盡力但不足以完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)僅覆蓋部分主要內(nèi)容，或?qū)懥艘恍o(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容。
(2)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯運(yùn)用能力很弱。
(3)有許多語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的理解。
5.第一檔（1～2分）未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(1)明顯未理解題意，導(dǎo)致未能完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。
(2)句子不完整或無(wú)法理解。
(3)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面錯(cuò)誤連篇，影響了對(duì)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的理解；語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力差。
6.0分未答題，或雖作答但不知所云。
第三節(jié)題型分析
一、改寫(xiě)句子
該節(jié)基本的一項(xiàng)要求是保證改寫(xiě)后的句子和原句的意思大體保持不變。這種改寫(xiě)是以填空的形式命題，即目標(biāo)句里留有一處空白,考生填補(bǔ)空白并使補(bǔ)全的句子與原句意思一致。因此考生要仔細(xì)閱讀原句，準(zhǔn)確理解原句的含義，將原句和目標(biāo)句相互比較，才能找出需要補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容，保證改寫(xiě)正確。下面對(duì)各種句型進(jìn)行分類講解。
（一）包含There be 的句型
There be句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There be + (數(shù)字) + 名詞+表示方位或范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)+（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），了解了這一基本結(jié)構(gòu)，就能找出句中應(yīng)該進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換或補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容。如：Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 There were many Chinese friends at the party.（PETS1大綱樣題71題）。很明顯，原句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞party在目標(biāo)句中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，我們補(bǔ)入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)即可。
There be 句型在某些時(shí)候還可以與含有 have 的句子相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：There are two chairs in my bedroom.可轉(zhuǎn)換為I have two chairs in my bedroom.目標(biāo)句所有的物品以及場(chǎng)所都與原句相同，所以只能將其轉(zhuǎn)換為由 have 表示的所屬形式。
There are tears on her face.轉(zhuǎn)換為 She is crying.在這一句中，目標(biāo)句只有簡(jiǎn)單的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，但我們可以通過(guò)對(duì)原句內(nèi)容的理解得知“她的臉上有淚?！薄八蘖恕薄?BR> （二）包含it的句型
it用作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +adj.+to do sth.可以改為Doing sth.is+adj.如：It’s interesting to play football.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為Playing football is interesting.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型通常強(qiáng)調(diào)人、物或時(shí)間。將it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型轉(zhuǎn)換為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句型也是經(jīng)?？疾榈囊豁?xiàng)內(nèi)容。例如：It is Jack who broke the window. 轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack broke the window. It is ten o’clock when the film will start.轉(zhuǎn)換為 The film will start at ten o’clock. It is the red dress that I like best.轉(zhuǎn)換為 I like the red dress best.
（三）主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
當(dāng)你在比較原句與目標(biāo)句時(shí)，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一句的賓語(yǔ)變成了另一句的主語(yǔ)，或介詞by后面的詞句變成了另一句的主語(yǔ)，基本就可以確定這是一個(gè)主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Jack was given a lot of presents by his friends.轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack’s friends gave him a lot of presents.（PETS1大綱樣題72題）
（四）直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
這兩種句子的轉(zhuǎn)換比較明顯，原句和目標(biāo)句中，有一句會(huì)出現(xiàn)引號(hào)，另一句沒(méi)有引號(hào)，依此可以確定這是直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Mary said：“Ann is the best student in the class this year.”轉(zhuǎn)換為Mary told me that Ann was the best student in the class that year.Mum asked me where I was going to go.轉(zhuǎn)換為Mum asked：“Where are you going to go？”
（五）其他句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
除以上提到的四種句型轉(zhuǎn)換外，還有其他一些形式的句型轉(zhuǎn)換，這些句型比較零散，覆蓋面廣，平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意歸納總結(jié)規(guī)律性的東西，比較和掌握一些可以互換的同義詞或近義詞，以備考場(chǎng)上靈活運(yùn)用。這里以能夠互換的典型詞組為線索，歸納舉例，供考生參考：prefer－like－would－rather，hard－difficult,too...to－so that, be good at－do well in， What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句－How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句等等。
二、書(shū)面表達(dá)
本部分要求考生根據(jù)題目所給信息用英文寫(xiě)便條或短信。在完成這一任務(wù)時(shí)，考生需要注意的主要一點(diǎn)就是不要遺忘題目中有用的信息。參照下題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些有用信息主要來(lái)自于題目中的情景和任務(wù)兩處。任務(wù)欄下的三點(diǎn)信息一目了然?？忌话悴粫?huì)遺漏，需要注意的是不要遺忘包含在情景中的那一條信息。下面分析這個(gè)題目：
情景：Tom來(lái)北京跟你一起度暑假，住在你家。今天下午，你有事外出。出門(mén)時(shí)，他還在睡覺(jué)。
任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
在家里可以干什么；
你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)；
提醒他下午有何安排。（PETS1大綱樣題74題）
該題除了“在家里可以干什么。你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)。提醒他下午有何安排?！边@三點(diǎn)之外，還要加上一點(diǎn)，即今天上午，你有事外出。這一點(diǎn)包含在情景當(dāng)中。
下面給出該題的范文：
Dear Tom,
I have to go out this morning.(交代了今天上午，你有事外出。)You can read some story books or walk around the area.(告訴了他在家里可以干什么。)I’ll come back at about 11:30.(說(shuō)明你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)。)After dinner, we’ll go to the Beijing Zoo.(提醒他下午有何安排。)
Li Ming
第四節(jié)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)
一、統(tǒng)籌安排時(shí)間
寫(xiě)作部分共20分鐘，約占全部考試時(shí)間的20％。在20分鐘內(nèi)，考生要完成對(duì)題目要求的閱讀、更改三個(gè)句子、寫(xiě)完一篇作文，時(shí)間比較緊張。因此統(tǒng)籌安排時(shí)間非常重要。為在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)較好地完成題目的要求，在時(shí)間分配上，改寫(xiě)句子部分不要超過(guò)5分鐘，這一部分分值較少，而且答案單一，對(duì)錯(cuò)分明，易于完成；15分鐘留給作文，作文需要組織材料，構(gòu)思語(yǔ)句，加工潤(rùn)色，整個(gè)過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜。因此要多安排時(shí)間。
二、確定寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容
由于一級(jí)的作文相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，所以寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的確定也就相對(duì)比較容易。只要考生抓住題目當(dāng)中的有用信息就不會(huì)跑題。在閱讀題目指示時(shí)，要開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋，首先找出包含在情景和任務(wù)中的幾點(diǎn)信息（通常為四點(diǎn)）,根據(jù)這些信息來(lái)安排內(nèi)容，確定主題，動(dòng)手寫(xiě)作。
三、控制字?jǐn)?shù)
一級(jí)考試其試卷中明確規(guī)定作文的字?jǐn)?shù)為50個(gè)單詞左右，大綱中的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提到“字?jǐn)?shù)少于40或多于60的（不包括標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)）從總分中減去1分”，所以考生要特別注意作文的字?jǐn)?shù)。只要內(nèi)容緊扣情景和任務(wù)中已給出的信息，不寫(xiě)與主題無(wú)關(guān)的話，每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)用一句話表述清楚，基本上可以將字?jǐn)?shù)控制在50個(gè)左右。
四、保持卷面整潔
大綱中的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中明確指出“如書(shū)寫(xiě)較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次?！彼裕跁?shū)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，好先打腹稿，以免下筆后再涂改，造成卷面的臟亂。平時(shí)也要養(yǎng)成良好的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣。否則，因?yàn)闀?shū)寫(xiě)問(wèn)題而降低作文的檔次，就很可惜了。
五、檢查
寫(xiě)完后，還需要以讀者和閱卷人的眼光，將文章審讀一遍，找出在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的一些問(wèn)題，如單詞的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤、詞組搭配錯(cuò)誤和句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤等，以及寫(xiě)出的東西是否達(dá)到了題目的要求，是否表達(dá)出了自己想要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。
另外，一級(jí)的寫(xiě)作依據(jù)是具體情景，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的實(shí)用性和真實(shí)性。所以，平時(shí)要注意觀察生活，積累生活常識(shí)，這樣在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，才能下筆有物。
第五節(jié)改寫(xiě)句子
一、改寫(xiě)句子練習(xí)
1.It’s very kind of you to bring me the flowers.
Thank you very much.
2.He sold newspapers in spare time so that he can earn more money for his family.
he sold newspapers in spare time.
3.We are proud because we are the builders of the new century.
We are proudthe builders of the new century.
4.He doesn’t like shopping, I don’t either.
likes shopping.
5.The students said that they won’t be free that night.
The students said that theythat night.
6.The teacher told us not to make noise .
The teacher told us.
7.She has made a name for herself as a painter.
Sheas a painter.
8.He has lost the control over his temper.
Hehis temper any longer.
9.He has written quite a few books on the subject.
Quite a few bookson the subject.
10.Today pollution is more serious than it was years ago.
Pollution yearsagoit is today.
11.People hold the Olympic Games every four years.
The Olympic Gamesevery four years.
12.I think the room is small for my family.
I don’t thinkfor my family.
13.Jack enjoys listening to the radio.He also enjoys watching TV.
Jack enjoys listening to the radioas watching TV.
14.The new job made Henry angry easily.
Henryangry easily his new job.
15.Jack left his lunch at home.
Jackhis lunch.
16.It’s necessary for you to change your dress.
You needyour dress.
17.Bill will have the radio repaired.
Bill will askrepair the radio for him.
18.I could do with a simple lunch.
A simple lunchfine with me.
19.When she awoke,she had a feeling of terror.
She awokeof terror.
20.If you are lucky enough, you may get your novel published.
Withluck, you may get your novel published.
21.She is too carless to take care of her baby brother.
She isenough to take care of her baby brother.
22.He felt so hot that he took off his shirt.
It was too hotkeep wearing the shirt.
23.Mary does not like ice瞔ream as much as John does.
John likes ice瞔reamMary does.
24.We have to plant the beans in a row.
The beansin a row.
25.Sally was walking down the street in her new coat when John saw her.
John saw Sallyshe was walking down the street.
26.The book I wanted is not to be found in the library.
The librarythe book I wanted.
27.When did he break his leg?
How longhe break his leg?
28.Mrs.King was busy, so she didn’t come to the English party.
Mrs.King didn’t come to the English party she was busy.
29.Nothing is wrong with your bike.
anything wrong with your bike.
30.Let’s go skating, shall we?
going skating?
31.My parents aren’t at home at the moment.
My parents aren’t at home.
32.They started to look for the lost child.
Theyto look for the lost child.
33.He looked at me in surprise when I told him the news.
Helook at me when I told him the news.
34.The workers are still working hard at noon.
The workers are still working hardthe day.
35.Class 4 will have a match with Class 5 this afternoon.
Class 4 willClass 5 this afternoon.
36.It was raining when I went home yesterday.
yesterday, it was raining.
37.The eraser goes from one student to another.
The mustthe eraser fromto another.
38.Go down this road, and turn right at the first crossing.
this road, andthe firstthe right.
39.John is a Canadian.
JohnCanada.
40.The other students must close their eyes.
The other students musttheir eyes.
41.The headmaster took his place, and the meeting began at once.
The meeting beganthe headmaster took his place.
42.There is a hospital opposite the shop.
There is a hospitalthe shop.
43.She always works hard at English.
She always.
44.Which month do you like best?
Which yourmonth.
45.Wei Hua had a very busy day yesterday.
Wei Huavery busy yesterday.
46.Kate came to school late yesterday.
Kate yesterday.
47.Don’t hurry. You can finish the work by supper.
. You can finish the work by supper.
48.Mr.Smith did not catch the last train yesterday because of rain.
Mr. Smiththe last train yesterday because of rain.
49.There will be an important meeting. He must attend it.
He has an important meeting .
50.I have no sisters.
Ihavesisters.
51.He spent 5 dollars buying that skirt.
That skirt him 5 dollars.
52.They got up early so that they could catch the bus.
They got up early catch the bus.
53.My mother bought me a watch yesterday.
My mother bought me yesterday.
54.Why did you do that?
did you do that?
55.He was surprised to find the light had gone out.
his, he found the light had gone out.
56.That morning she went to school in a hurry.
That morning sheschool.
57.The little girl took out her new toy(玩具)to let her friends look at it.
The little girl took out her new toy toit her friends.
58.It rained very hard last night.
Therelast night.
59.It will not rain tomorrow. If so, they will go to the park.
They will go to the park iftomorrow.
60.The school needs maths teachers very much.
The school isgreatmaths teachers.
二、改寫(xiě)句子練習(xí)答案
1.for the flowers you brought me
2.In order to earn more money for his family
3.enough to be4.Neither of us
5.will be busy6.to be quiet
7.became famous8.could not control
9.have been written10.was not so serious years, as
11.are held12.the room is big enough
13.as well14.got, because of
15.didn’t bring16.to change
17.someone to18.is
19.with a feeling20.a lot of
21.not careful22.for him to
23.more than24.have to be planted
25.in her new coat when26.does not have
27.ago did28.because
29.There isn’t30.What about
31.right now32.set out
33.was surprised to34.in the middle of
35.play against36.On my way home
37.students,pass,one38.Walk along, take, turning,on
39.comes from(或 is from)40.keep, closed
41.as soon as42.on the other side of
43.studies English hard44.is, favourite
45.was46.was late for school
47.Take your time48.missed
49.to attend50.don’t, any
51.cost52.in order to (so as to)
53.a watch for54.What,for
55.To,surprise56.hurried to
57.show, to58.was a heavy rain
59.does not rain60.in ,need of
第六節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)
一、書(shū)面表達(dá)練習(xí)
1.情景：潘力和劉一是校友。潘力手頭有兩張?jiān)诒本┱褂[館舉辦的家用電腦展覽會(huì)的門(mén)票。
任務(wù)：假定你是潘力，留一張便條給劉一，約她星期日上午9時(shí)在學(xué)校4號(hào)門(mén)見(jiàn)面，然后一起去參觀展覽會(huì)。
2.情景：Smith先生三個(gè)星期前買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)冰箱。昨天冰箱出了故障，發(fā)出一種奇怪的聲音，不再工作了。
任務(wù)：假定你是Smith先生，給商店經(jīng)理寫(xiě)一封信，要求盡快派人來(lái)修理。
3.情景：美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)來(lái)訪教授John Gardner博士將于11月11日星期三上午9時(shí)在3號(hào)樓202教室作講座。內(nèi)容是金融領(lǐng)域新動(dòng)向。
任務(wù)：假定你是金融系的教學(xué)秘書(shū)，寫(xiě)一則通知，歡迎有興趣的人來(lái)聽(tīng)這一講座。
4.任務(wù)：根據(jù)下列提示，給朋友李敏寫(xiě)一封短信。
（1）祝賀她數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽獲得第一名；
（2）對(duì)她的成功并不感到奇怪，因?yàn)樗回炃趭^刻苦；
（3）她的努力給自己作出了榜樣；
（4）希望聽(tīng)到更多有關(guān)她的好消息。
5.情景：假定你是曉光，與周輝是同桌，上次你的父母問(wèn)起過(guò)他的情況，因?yàn)闆](méi)有時(shí)間，不能詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。
任務(wù)：現(xiàn)在，寫(xiě)一封60字左右的短信跟他們說(shuō)明周輝的情況。
（1）他身體高大，強(qiáng)壯，會(huì)做很多事情；
（2）他學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)很好；
（3）從不飲酒，總是按時(shí)回寢室；
（4）我們都很喜歡他。
6.情景：你有一個(gè)臺(tái)灣朋友，叫劉建民，昨天驚聞那里發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈地震，你很為他擔(dān)心。
任務(wù)：寫(xiě)一封60字左右的短信問(wèn)候他。假定你是李國(guó)良。
（1）從報(bào)上得知他居住的城市發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈地震；
（2）地震破壞性很大，給人民的生活造成很大的影響；
（3）衷心地希望他和他的家人能平安無(wú)事；
（4）希望能早點(diǎn)聽(tīng)到他的音信。
7.情景：你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)不是很好，所以，兩個(gè)月以前你曾委托同學(xué)小芳幫你找一位英語(yǔ)教師補(bǔ)課，可是到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有消息，你很著急。
任務(wù)：寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條給小芳，向她追問(wèn)此事，假定你是李君。
（1）她曾經(jīng)答應(yīng)過(guò)要給你找一位英語(yǔ)老師；
（2）如今兩個(gè)月過(guò)去了，不知此事怎樣了；
（3）你急需一位英語(yǔ)老師；
（4）如能答復(fù)將不勝感激。
8.情景：假定你是駿偉，即將要去廣州出差，請(qǐng)你的同學(xué)王頡幫你預(yù)訂廣州的旅館房間。
任務(wù)：寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條給王頡，要他以你的名義預(yù)訂房間。
（1）你將在6月28日，星期三下午到達(dá)廣州；
（2）需要有浴室的單人房間；
（3）好在三樓。
9.情景:假如你是商店的營(yíng)業(yè)員，李南上次來(lái)買(mǎi)襯衫，有他的尺寸，但是沒(méi)有藍(lán)色的。李南就向你預(yù)訂了一件，現(xiàn)在貨已到。
任務(wù)：給李南寫(xiě)一張50字左右的便條。
（1）李南上次曾經(jīng)來(lái)你店買(mǎi)過(guò)襯衫，但是沒(méi)有買(mǎi)到合適的；
（2）上次要買(mǎi)的襯衫已經(jīng)到貨；
（3）問(wèn)他什么時(shí)候來(lái)買(mǎi)；
（4）來(lái)之前請(qǐng)先打個(gè)電話。
10.情景：曹君和孫潔約好在星期天去海濱（the beach）游泳，可是曹君的爺爺意外地被自行車撞倒，因此，她不想去了，假定你是曹君。
任務(wù)：給孫潔寫(xiě)一封50字左右的字條，告訴她此事。
（1）本來(lái)約好和她一起去海濱游泳；
（2）不幸的是，你的爺爺被自行車撞了，你得留下來(lái)照顧他；
（3）恐怕不能和她一起去海濱了，感到很抱歉；
（4）約她下星期天再去海濱。
二、書(shū)面表達(dá)練習(xí)參考答案
1.
Now.9,1996
Dear Liu Yi,
I’ve got two tickets for Beijing Exhibition on Sunday. They are for the PERSONAL COMPUTER SHOW in the exhibiton.I’m sure you’ll be interested in it.If so, we could go there together. Shall we meet at Gate Four at 9 a.m. on Sunday morning?Please let me know if it’s OK with you as soon as possible.
Pan Li
2.
Dear Sir,
Three weeks ago, I bought a MEILING refrigerator from your shop. It had been working quite well till this morning. It does not work any more and there is a strange noise from the back of it. Would you please send someone to have a look at it? I am at home over the weekend.
I would be very much grateful if your mechanic comes and do that for me this coming weekend. Thanks a lot.
My address is as follows: 9 Xiang Yang Road, Shanghai.
Yours,
J.Smith
3.
Notice
Visiting professor Dr.John Gardner from Yale University is to give us a lecture on banking. Dr.Gardner has given all his time to the study of banking and he will tell us the latest developments in this field. Those who are interested in this topic are welcome.
Time: 9:00 a.m. Wednesday, November 11
Place: Room 202, Building 3
4.
Dear Li Min,
How nice to learn that you have won the first prize in the maths contest. Congratulations! I am not surprised at your success. You have been working so hard at it for the last few months! You have set a good example for us all.
Hope to hear more of your successes.
Yang Yang
5.
Dear Father and Mother,
Zhouhui is my deskmate. He’s tall and strong. He is very clever with his hands and can fix almost anything. In study he is good, too. He works very hard and usually gets good grades. Unlike many others, Zhouhui doesn’t smoke or drink. And he never comes back to the bedroom very late.
Zhouhui is my roommate, too. Everybody says he is a very good guy. And we all like him very much.
Love
Xiao Guang
6.
Dear Mr.Liu,
I learn with dismay from today’s paper that a severe earthquake happened in your city two days ago. It was indeed the sharpest one ever experienced and produced great effect on people’s life there. Your neighborhood was in the area of the earthquake center. I do hope you and you family have escaped without harm.
Looking forward to hearing from you in detail.
Yours sincerely,
Li Guoliang
7.
Dear Xiao Fang,
You promised to recommend me an English teacher. But two months have elapsed since we talked on this matter. What is the situation now? I am urgently in need of the teacher. I shall be grateful if you can give me an answer very soon.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Sincerely,
Li Jun
8.
Dear Wang Jie,
I’m leaving for Guangzhou on business trip on Wednesday afternoon, 28 June. Would you please help me to reserve one single room with private bath for me for that night. It would be most preferable if it is to be on the third floor.
Thank you for your kindness.
Yours faithfully,
Jun Wei
9.
Dear Li Nan,
Last Saturday, you came to our store to buy a blue shirt, size 39. Unfortunately, we have your size, but not in that color. Now, we have the shirt that you ordered. Please come to our store to buy it. By the way, before you come please give a call.
Sincerely,
The shop assistant
10.
Dear Sun Jie,
I had hoped to go swimming at the beach with you. But unfortunately, my grandpa was kn ocked down by a bike and I had to send him to hospital yesterday. So I’m afraid I can’t go with you tomorrow because I have to stay to look after him. I really beg your pardon. By the way,shall we go to the beach next Sunday?
Cao Jun