寫作
第一節(jié)命題規(guī)律
寫作部分是對考生書面表達能力的考查，因而在命題方面有著不同于其他部分的特點,考生應了解其命題規(guī)律，做到心中有數。
一、改寫句子
該節(jié)共有3道題，主要考查考生在意思相同的情況下，對不同句型的表達方式的掌握。改寫句子基本的要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體相同。以填空的形式命題，考生須填補空白并使補全的句子與原句意思一致。該節(jié)要求考生要仔細閱讀原句，準確理解其含義，將原句和目標句相互比較，找出需要補全的內容，正確改寫句子。
(一)改寫句子的?？碱}型
● 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換
【例句】
1.Many workers built this factory in 2001.
This factoryby many workers in 2001.
【正確答案】was built
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求熟悉被動語態(tài)的構成——不同時態(tài)下系動詞be的變化形式。
● 直接引語與間接引語的轉換
【例句】
2.He asked me,“Where are you going?”
He asked me.
【正確答案】where I was going
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解直接引語與間接引語。二者互變時要注意：人稱的變化；時間表示法的變化；指示代詞的變化；一般疑問句中疑問詞的變化；特殊疑問句中語序的變化規(guī)則等。
● There be句型的變換
【例句】
3.The room is empty.
There is in the room.
4.What can I do for you?
anything I can do for you?
【正確答案】3.nothing4.Is there
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解 there be 句型的基本結構，注意系動詞be在不同語境下的變化形式。
● It引導的形式主語句子與其他句型的轉換
【例句】
5.He spent 4 hours in doing his homework yesterday.
It took him 4 hours his homework yesterday.
6.It seems that they like pop music.
They to like pop music.
【正確答案】5.to do6.seem
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解代詞it在句子中的各種用法。it在英語中是個相當活躍的代詞，它可以作形式主語、形式賓語和引導強調句等。
● 一些習慣用法的不同表示法
第四章寫作全國英語等級考試教程(第一級)【例句】
7.They have studied English for 20 years.
They began to study English .
8.He went to the class at 9 o’clock.
He didn’t go to the class 9 o’clock.
【正確答案】7.20 years ago8.until
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握英語中一些習慣用法的表達方式。在改寫句子時，要求用不同的句型或不同的詞表達出相同的意思。
● 詞或詞組間的互換
【例句】
9.He spent 20 dollars buying this book.
He20 dollars this book.
10.She does well in English.
She is English.
【正確答案】9.paid...for10.good at
【規(guī)律分析】這部分考查同義詞或詞組的替換。有些詞雖然意義相近或相同，但往往在用法和結構搭配上有區(qū)別，考生應尤其注意。
● 句子與詞組間的互換
【例句】
11.We’re always busy with our work.
We seldom have .
12.The boy is very young. The boy can’t understand it.
The boy isyoung understand it.
【正確答案】11.free/spare time12.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些慣用詞組的用法，同時注意句子和詞組間的互換往往會使得句子結構改變。
● 形容詞、副詞比較級等基本句型的轉換
【例句】
13.Don’t forget to bring your book!
to bring your book!
14.My mother is not in/at home.
My mother is.
【正確答案】13.Remember14.out
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些基本的反義詞，然后通過否定反義詞的方法達到肯定的目的。
● 反義詞
【例句】
15.I don’t think maths is as interesting as English.
I think maths is English!
16.Of all the boys in the class, John runs the fastest.
John runsany other boy in the class.
【正確答案】15.less interesting than16.faster than
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生熟悉一些形容詞、副詞比較級的基本句型，如：not as (so)+原級形式+as;比較級形式+than...；高級形式+...in(of)...
● 詞形的派生
【例句】
17.The teacher told us to be careful when we did our exam.
The teacher told us to do our exam.
【正確答案】17.carefully
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生掌握一些基本的構詞法。詞匯學習中構詞法是重要的方法之一。通過加前綴或后綴的方法可使一個詞改變詞義或詞性?？忌鷳芨鶕湫?，將某個詞語變?yōu)樗枰男问健?BR> ● 從句的變換
N 主從復合句與并列句的相互轉換
【例句】
18.Hurry or you will be late for school.
you don’t hurry, you will be late for school.
N 從句與從句的相互轉換
【例句】
19.He came only after the meeting was over.
He didn’t comethe meeting was over.
N 從句和不定式的轉換
【例句】
20.The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
The box isheavy for melift.
【正確答案】18.If 19.until20.too...to...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生了解常見復合句的主句與從句間的關系，掌握復合句從句引導詞的用法以及一些起連接作用的詞組的用法。
● 用連接詞合并兩個簡單句
【例句】
21.Jane couldn’t sing well. I couldn’t sing well, either.
JaneI could sing well.
【正確答案】21.Neither...nor...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些常見連詞或連詞詞組的用法。這些連接詞包括and,both...and,not only...but also, either...or,neither...nor,but,so等。
從以上命題規(guī)律分析可以看出，只有掌握了句型，才能保證準確地改寫原句而又不改變其意思。這就要求考生在平時一定要注意多積累各種句型，切實掌握大綱所要求的各種語法規(guī)則，對那些常見的重要句型和表達方式要經常復習記憶。同時還要認識到，掌握了句型并不意味可以忽略詞匯的作用，不同的句型中同一個詞語可能有不同的含義或作用，也可能派生出不同的形式，考生需要結合考試題型，將詞匯放在句型中記憶和學習，從而在掌握句型的同時理解詞匯。
(二)改寫句子試題范例
下面是關于Mary昨天去商店的三對句子。每對句子中，第一句是原句，第二句是對第一句的改寫。要求根據原句和第二句中已經給出的部分補全第二句。注意不能改變原句的意思。
1.Many people went shopping yesterday.
There were many people yesterday.
2.Mary spent 3 hours buying New Year gifts.
It Mary 3 hours to buy New Year gifts.
3.She was so tired that she couldn’t walk any longer.
She was tiredwalk any longer.
【正確答案】1.in the shops/markets2.took3.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】第1題考查同義詞組間的轉換；第2題考查習慣用法的不同表達；第3題考查從句和不定式的轉換。
二、書面表達
該節(jié)主要考查考生運用英語進行書面表達的能力。題目以簡單的文字形式為考生提供了寫作情景，并明確提出了對考生的具體要求，即需要完成的任務。考生必須緊扣所給信息，用自己熟悉的語言進行表達，不可脫離情景隨意發(fā)揮，也不可逐字翻譯所給材料?？忌⒁獍杨}目中所規(guī)定的要點基本表達清楚。語言正確恰當，意思清楚連貫，格式正確，字數符合要求。
書面表達涉及的常見應用文體：
(一)簡短信函
【范例1】
情景：
假如你是從美國來中國學中文的Jane,你到北京一周了。
任務：請你用英語給在美國的朋友Tom寫一封50字左右的短信。告訴他：
·北京的天氣怎樣；
·你每天做什么；
·你對中國的感覺怎么樣。
請用下列格式：
Dear Tom,
...
Jane
【高分范文】
Dear Tom,
I’ve already been in Beijing for a week. Beijing is a beautiful city and it has always been fine these days. We have Chinese classes every day in the morning. In the afternoon, we play games with Chinese students, and talk with them in Chinese. Chinese people are very kind. I like China very much.
Jane
【規(guī)律分析】簡短信函的寫作是該部分常見的考查內容。英文信函的格式、表達方式、稱呼用語與中文信函有很大區(qū)別，考生應當注意這些區(qū)別，寫出比較地道的英語書信，在PETS第一級的書面表達中，通常會把所需使用的格式列出，但考生在平時練習中仍需要注意寫作格式，養(yǎng)成良好習慣，以便在考試時寫起來流暢自如。
(二) 便條
【范例2】
情景：
放假了，你同幾個朋友約好騎車去郊游，你要通知小李，但小李恰巧有事外出。
任務：請你用英語給他寫一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
·你們假期要組織什么活動；
·你們何時何地集合；
·你們如何去；
·需要帶些什么。
請用下列格式：
Dear Xiao Li,
...
Xiao Chen
【高分范文】
Dear Xiao Li,
We’re going to go for an outing on holiday by bike. We shall meet at the station at 7:00 in the morning the day after tomorrow. If you want to go with us, you should bring some food, water and money. We hope you will join us on time.
Xiao Chen
【規(guī)律分析】便條也是PETS第一級書面表達的考查重點。實際上是一種簡單的書信，內容簡短，格式簡單，通常只有一兩句話，開門見山。便條內容包括通知、詢問、約會、留言等。便條一般是托人遞交的或是本人臨時在某一場合直接留言，所談及的一般都是在一兩天內的情況。便條通常沒有寫信人及收信人地址，一般也沒有結束語等項，用詞隨便，比較接近于口語。
(三) 日記
【范例3】
情景：
你昨晚在回家的路上淋雨，晚上開始頭疼，今天不能去上課。
任務：請寫一篇50字左右的日記，所涉及內容有：
·為何得??；
·誰帶你去看??；
·醫(yī)生說了些什么。
請用下列格式：
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
...
【高分范文】
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
I feel not well today. I can’t go to school because I have caught a cold.
I was caught in the rain on my way home yesterday afternoon. I began to have a headache and a temperature at midnight. My mother took me to hospital this morning. The doctor said that I got a bad cold. He gave me some medicine and told me to stay in bed for one day.
So I’m staying home now. I hope I can go to school tomorrow.
【規(guī)律分析】日記是考生比較熟悉的一種寫作形式，為貼近生活，所以寫起來不會很困難。格式方面需要注意：日記前面應該有星期、年月日和天氣情況的說明，其中月和日不可省去，其余的有時可以省略，具體寫作格式視試題具體要求而定。
(四) 通知
【范例4】
情景：
本周六將有一位美國教授來學校講美國教育。
任務：請你用英語寫一張50字左右的簡單通知。內容：
·講座人；
·講座的時間、地點；
·講座的內容。
請用下列格式：
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education...
April 15,2002
【高分范文】
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education of America from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m. this Saturday in Room 301. The talk will be given by Professor Smith. He comes from America. All people will be welcomed. Please be on time and bring your pens and notebooks. Thank you.
April 15,2002
【規(guī)律分析】通知是上級對下級，組織對成員部署工作、召開會議或傳達事情等使用的一種應用文。這種通知通常張貼在布告欄內，一般包括四部分：
（1）標題；
（2）正文；
（3）單位名稱（有時可以省略）；
（4）日期。
通知的內容要簡潔明了，不要寫得冗長繁瑣或含糊其辭。通知的語言一般不帶感情色彩，要盡量少用形容詞、副詞、俚語和俗語等。
第二節(jié)評分標準
第一節(jié)以標準答案為準。第二節(jié)評分標準如下：
一、評分原則
1.該節(jié)總分為10,按5個檔次給分。
2.評分時，先根據文章的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調整檔次，后給分。
3.字數少于40或多于60的（不包括標點符號）從總分中減去1分。
4.評分時應注意的主要內容為：內容要點、運用詞匯和語法結構的數量和準確性。
5.拼寫和標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面，評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
6.如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分數降低一個檔次。
二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求
1.第五檔（9～10分)完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)覆蓋所有內容要點。
(2)運用多種語法結構和詞匯。
(3)語法結構和詞匯準確。
2.第四檔（7～8分）較好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)覆蓋所有內容要求。
(2)盡力運用不同語法結構和詞匯。
(3)語法結構和詞匯基本準確，些許錯誤主要因為嘗試復雜語法結構或詞匯所致。
3.第三檔（5～6分）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)覆蓋所有主要內容。
(2)運用語法結構和詞匯方面能滿足任務的基本要求。
(3)有一些語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤，但不影響理解。
4.第二檔（3～4分）雖盡力但不足以完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)僅覆蓋部分主要內容，或寫了一些無關內容。
(2)語法結構和詞匯運用能力很弱。
(3)有許多語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了對寫作內容的理解。
5.第一檔（1～2分）未完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)明顯未理解題意，導致未能完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
(2)句子不完整或無法理解。
(3)語法結構或詞匯方面錯誤連篇，影響了對寫作內容的理解；語言運用能力差。
6.0分未答題，或雖作答但不知所云。
第三節(jié)題型分析
一、改寫句子
該節(jié)基本的一項要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體保持不變。這種改寫是以填空的形式命題，即目標句里留有一處空白,考生填補空白并使補全的句子與原句意思一致。因此考生要仔細閱讀原句，準確理解原句的含義，將原句和目標句相互比較，才能找出需要補全的內容，保證改寫正確。下面對各種句型進行分類講解。
（一）包含There be 的句型
There be句型的基本結構為：There be + (數字) + 名詞+表示方位或范圍的介詞短語+（時間狀語），了解了這一基本結構，就能找出句中應該進行轉換或補全的內容。如：Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以轉換為 There were many Chinese friends at the party.（PETS1大綱樣題71題）。很明顯，原句中表示地點的詞party在目標句中沒有出現，我們補入一個介詞短語即可。
There be 句型在某些時候還可以與含有 have 的句子相互轉換。如：There are two chairs in my bedroom.可轉換為I have two chairs in my bedroom.目標句所有的物品以及場所都與原句相同，所以只能將其轉換為由 have 表示的所屬形式。
There are tears on her face.轉換為 She is crying.在這一句中，目標句只有簡單的主語和系動詞，但我們可以通過對原句內容的理解得知“她的臉上有淚?！薄八蘖恕?。
（二）包含it的句型
it用作形式主語時，其基本結構為：It is +adj.+to do sth.可以改為Doing sth.is+adj.如：It’s interesting to play football.可以轉換為Playing football is interesting.
強調句型通常強調人、物或時間。將it引導的強調句型轉換為非強調句型也是經?？疾榈囊豁梼热?。例如：It is Jack who broke the window. 轉換為Jack broke the window. It is ten o’clock when the film will start.轉換為 The film will start at ten o’clock. It is the red dress that I like best.轉換為 I like the red dress best.
（三）主動句與被動句的相互轉換
當你在比較原句與目標句時，如果發(fā)現其中一句的賓語變成了另一句的主語，或介詞by后面的詞句變成了另一句的主語，基本就可以確定這是一個主動句與被動句的相互轉換。如：Jack was given a lot of presents by his friends.轉換為Jack’s friends gave him a lot of presents.（PETS1大綱樣題72題）
（四）直接引語與間接引語的相互轉換
這兩種句子的轉換比較明顯，原句和目標句中，有一句會出現引號，另一句沒有引號，依此可以確定這是直接引語與間接引語的相互轉換。例如：Mary said：“Ann is the best student in the class this year.”轉換為Mary told me that Ann was the best student in the class that year.Mum asked me where I was going to go.轉換為Mum asked：“Where are you going to go？”
（五）其他句型的轉換
除以上提到的四種句型轉換外，還有其他一些形式的句型轉換，這些句型比較零散，覆蓋面廣，平時學習時要注意歸納總結規(guī)律性的東西，比較和掌握一些可以互換的同義詞或近義詞，以備考場上靈活運用。這里以能夠互換的典型詞組為線索，歸納舉例，供考生參考：prefer－like－would－rather，hard－difficult,too...to－so that, be good at－do well in， What引導的感嘆句－How引導的感嘆句等等。
二、書面表達
本部分要求考生根據題目所給信息用英文寫便條或短信。在完成這一任務時，考生需要注意的主要一點就是不要遺忘題目中有用的信息。參照下題，可以發(fā)現這些有用信息主要來自于題目中的情景和任務兩處。任務欄下的三點信息一目了然?？忌话悴粫z漏，需要注意的是不要遺忘包含在情景中的那一條信息。下面分析這個題目：
情景：Tom來北京跟你一起度暑假，住在你家。今天下午，你有事外出。出門時，他還在睡覺。
任務：請你用英語給他寫一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
在家里可以干什么；
你中午何時回來；
提醒他下午有何安排。（PETS1大綱樣題74題）
該題除了“在家里可以干什么。你中午何時回來。提醒他下午有何安排?！边@三點之外，還要加上一點，即今天上午，你有事外出。這一點包含在情景當中。
下面給出該題的范文：
Dear Tom,
I have to go out this morning.(交代了今天上午，你有事外出。)You can read some story books or walk around the area.(告訴了他在家里可以干什么。)I’ll come back at about 11:30.(說明你中午何時回來。)After dinner, we’ll go to the Beijing Zoo.(提醒他下午有何安排。)
Li Ming
第四節(jié)應試指導
一、統籌安排時間
寫作部分共20分鐘，約占全部考試時間的20％。在20分鐘內，考生要完成對題目要求的閱讀、更改三個句子、寫完一篇作文，時間比較緊張。因此統籌安排時間非常重要。為在較短的時間內較好地完成題目的要求，在時間分配上，改寫句子部分不要超過5分鐘，這一部分分值較少，而且答案單一，對錯分明，易于完成；15分鐘留給作文，作文需要組織材料，構思語句，加工潤色，整個過程較為復雜。因此要多安排時間。
二、確定寫作內容
由于一級的作文相對比較簡單，所以寫作內容的確定也就相對比較容易。只要考生抓住題目當中的有用信息就不會跑題。在閱讀題目指示時，要開動腦筋，首先找出包含在情景和任務中的幾點信息（通常為四點）,根據這些信息來安排內容，確定主題，動手寫作。
三、控制字數
一級考試其試卷中明確規(guī)定作文的字數為50個單詞左右，大綱中的評分標準中提到“字數少于40或多于60的（不包括標點符號）從總分中減去1分”，所以考生要特別注意作文的字數。只要內容緊扣情景和任務中已給出的信息，不寫與主題無關的話，每一個要點用一句話表述清楚，基本上可以將字數控制在50個左右。
四、保持卷面整潔
大綱中的評分標準中明確指出“如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分數降低一個檔次?！彼?，在書寫的過程中，好先打腹稿，以免下筆后再涂改，造成卷面的臟亂。平時也要養(yǎng)成良好的書寫習慣。否則，因為書寫問題而降低作文的檔次，就很可惜了。
五、檢查
寫完后，還需要以讀者和閱卷人的眼光，將文章審讀一遍，找出在寫作過程中產生的一些問題，如單詞的拼寫錯誤、詞組搭配錯誤和句子的語法結構錯誤等，以及寫出的東西是否達到了題目的要求，是否表達出了自己想要表達的內容。
另外，一級的寫作依據是具體情景，強調語言的實用性和真實性。所以，平時要注意觀察生活，積累生活常識，這樣在寫作時，才能下筆有物。
第五節(jié)改寫句子
一、改寫句子練習
1.It’s very kind of you to bring me the flowers.
Thank you very much.
2.He sold newspapers in spare time so that he can earn more money for his family.
he sold newspapers in spare time.
3.We are proud because we are the builders of the new century.
We are proudthe builders of the new century.
4.He doesn’t like shopping, I don’t either.
likes shopping.
5.The students said that they won’t be free that night.
The students said that theythat night.
6.The teacher told us not to make noise .
The teacher told us.
7.She has made a name for herself as a painter.
Sheas a painter.
8.He has lost the control over his temper.
Hehis temper any longer.
9.He has written quite a few books on the subject.
Quite a few bookson the subject.
10.Today pollution is more serious than it was years ago.
Pollution yearsagoit is today.
11.People hold the Olympic Games every four years.
The Olympic Gamesevery four years.
12.I think the room is small for my family.
I don’t thinkfor my family.
13.Jack enjoys listening to the radio.He also enjoys watching TV.
Jack enjoys listening to the radioas watching TV.
14.The new job made Henry angry easily.
Henryangry easily his new job.
15.Jack left his lunch at home.
Jackhis lunch.
16.It’s necessary for you to change your dress.
You needyour dress.
17.Bill will have the radio repaired.
Bill will askrepair the radio for him.
18.I could do with a simple lunch.
A simple lunchfine with me.
19.When she awoke,she had a feeling of terror.
She awokeof terror.
20.If you are lucky enough, you may get your novel published.
Withluck, you may get your novel published.
21.She is too carless to take care of her baby brother.
She isenough to take care of her baby brother.
22.He felt so hot that he took off his shirt.
It was too hotkeep wearing the shirt.
23.Mary does not like ice瞔ream as much as John does.
John likes ice瞔reamMary does.
24.We have to plant the beans in a row.
The beansin a row.
25.Sally was walking down the street in her new coat when John saw her.
John saw Sallyshe was walking down the street.
26.The book I wanted is not to be found in the library.
The librarythe book I wanted.
27.When did he break his leg?
How longhe break his leg?
28.Mrs.King was busy, so she didn’t come to the English party.
Mrs.King didn’t come to the English party she was busy.
29.Nothing is wrong with your bike.
anything wrong with your bike.
30.Let’s go skating, shall we?
going skating?
31.My parents aren’t at home at the moment.
My parents aren’t at home.
32.They started to look for the lost child.
Theyto look for the lost child.
33.He looked at me in surprise when I told him the news.
Helook at me when I told him the news.
34.The workers are still working hard at noon.
The workers are still working hardthe day.
35.Class 4 will have a match with Class 5 this afternoon.
Class 4 willClass 5 this afternoon.
36.It was raining when I went home yesterday.
yesterday, it was raining.
37.The eraser goes from one student to another.
The mustthe eraser fromto another.
38.Go down this road, and turn right at the first crossing.
this road, andthe firstthe right.
39.John is a Canadian.
JohnCanada.
40.The other students must close their eyes.
The other students musttheir eyes.
41.The headmaster took his place, and the meeting began at once.
The meeting beganthe headmaster took his place.
42.There is a hospital opposite the shop.
There is a hospitalthe shop.
43.She always works hard at English.
She always.
44.Which month do you like best?
Which yourmonth.
45.Wei Hua had a very busy day yesterday.
Wei Huavery busy yesterday.
46.Kate came to school late yesterday.
Kate yesterday.
47.Don’t hurry. You can finish the work by supper.
. You can finish the work by supper.
48.Mr.Smith did not catch the last train yesterday because of rain.
Mr. Smiththe last train yesterday because of rain.
49.There will be an important meeting. He must attend it.
He has an important meeting .
50.I have no sisters.
Ihavesisters.
51.He spent 5 dollars buying that skirt.
That skirt him 5 dollars.
52.They got up early so that they could catch the bus.
They got up early catch the bus.
53.My mother bought me a watch yesterday.
My mother bought me yesterday.
54.Why did you do that?
did you do that?
55.He was surprised to find the light had gone out.
his, he found the light had gone out.
56.That morning she went to school in a hurry.
That morning sheschool.
57.The little girl took out her new toy(玩具)to let her friends look at it.
The little girl took out her new toy toit her friends.
58.It rained very hard last night.
Therelast night.
59.It will not rain tomorrow. If so, they will go to the park.
They will go to the park iftomorrow.
60.The school needs maths teachers very much.
The school isgreatmaths teachers.
二、改寫句子練習答案
1.for the flowers you brought me
2.In order to earn more money for his family
3.enough to be4.Neither of us
5.will be busy6.to be quiet
7.became famous8.could not control
9.have been written10.was not so serious years, as
11.are held12.the room is big enough
13.as well14.got, because of
15.didn’t bring16.to change
17.someone to18.is
19.with a feeling20.a lot of
21.not careful22.for him to
23.more than24.have to be planted
25.in her new coat when26.does not have
27.ago did28.because
29.There isn’t30.What about
31.right now32.set out
33.was surprised to34.in the middle of
35.play against36.On my way home
37.students,pass,one38.Walk along, take, turning,on
39.comes from(或 is from)40.keep, closed
41.as soon as42.on the other side of
43.studies English hard44.is, favourite
45.was46.was late for school
47.Take your time48.missed
49.to attend50.don’t, any
51.cost52.in order to (so as to)
53.a watch for54.What,for
55.To,surprise56.hurried to
57.show, to58.was a heavy rain
59.does not rain60.in ,need of
第六節(jié)書面表達
一、書面表達練習
1.情景：潘力和劉一是校友。潘力手頭有兩張在北京展覽館舉辦的家用電腦展覽會的門票。
任務：假定你是潘力，留一張便條給劉一，約她星期日上午9時在學校4號門見面，然后一起去參觀展覽會。
2.情景：Smith先生三個星期前買了一臺冰箱。昨天冰箱出了故障，發(fā)出一種奇怪的聲音，不再工作了。
任務：假定你是Smith先生，給商店經理寫一封信，要求盡快派人來修理。
3.情景：美國耶魯大學來訪教授John Gardner博士將于11月11日星期三上午9時在3號樓202教室作講座。內容是金融領域新動向。
任務：假定你是金融系的教學秘書，寫一則通知，歡迎有興趣的人來聽這一講座。
4.任務：根據下列提示，給朋友李敏寫一封短信。
（1）祝賀她數學競賽獲得第一名；
（2）對她的成功并不感到奇怪，因為她一貫勤奮刻苦；
（3）她的努力給自己作出了榜樣；
（4）希望聽到更多有關她的好消息。
5.情景：假定你是曉光，與周輝是同桌，上次你的父母問起過他的情況，因為沒有時間，不能詳細說明。
任務：現在，寫一封60字左右的短信跟他們說明周輝的情況。
（1）他身體高大，強壯，會做很多事情；
（2）他學習成績很好；
（3）從不飲酒，總是按時回寢室；
（4）我們都很喜歡他。
6.情景：你有一個臺灣朋友，叫劉建民，昨天驚聞那里發(fā)生了強烈地震，你很為他擔心。
任務：寫一封60字左右的短信問候他。假定你是李國良。
（1）從報上得知他居住的城市發(fā)生了強烈地震；
（2）地震破壞性很大，給人民的生活造成很大的影響；
（3）衷心地希望他和他的家人能平安無事；
（4）希望能早點聽到他的音信。
7.情景：你的英語成績不是很好，所以，兩個月以前你曾委托同學小芳幫你找一位英語教師補課，可是到現在還沒有消息，你很著急。
任務：寫一張50字左右的便條給小芳，向她追問此事，假定你是李君。
（1）她曾經答應過要給你找一位英語老師；
（2）如今兩個月過去了，不知此事怎樣了；
（3）你急需一位英語老師；
（4）如能答復將不勝感激。
8.情景：假定你是駿偉，即將要去廣州出差，請你的同學王頡幫你預訂廣州的旅館房間。
任務：寫一張50字左右的便條給王頡，要他以你的名義預訂房間。
（1）你將在6月28日，星期三下午到達廣州；
（2）需要有浴室的單人房間；
（3）好在三樓。
9.情景:假如你是商店的營業(yè)員，李南上次來買襯衫，有他的尺寸，但是沒有藍色的。李南就向你預訂了一件，現在貨已到。
任務：給李南寫一張50字左右的便條。
（1）李南上次曾經來你店買過襯衫，但是沒有買到合適的；
（2）上次要買的襯衫已經到貨；
（3）問他什么時候來買；
（4）來之前請先打個電話。
10.情景：曹君和孫潔約好在星期天去海濱（the beach）游泳，可是曹君的爺爺意外地被自行車撞倒，因此，她不想去了，假定你是曹君。
任務：給孫潔寫一封50字左右的字條，告訴她此事。
（1）本來約好和她一起去海濱游泳；
（2）不幸的是，你的爺爺被自行車撞了，你得留下來照顧他；
（3）恐怕不能和她一起去海濱了，感到很抱歉；
（4）約她下星期天再去海濱。
二、書面表達練習參考答案
1.
Now.9,1996
Dear Liu Yi,
I’ve got two tickets for Beijing Exhibition on Sunday. They are for the PERSONAL COMPUTER SHOW in the exhibiton.I’m sure you’ll be interested in it.If so, we could go there together. Shall we meet at Gate Four at 9 a.m. on Sunday morning?Please let me know if it’s OK with you as soon as possible.
Pan Li
2.
Dear Sir,
Three weeks ago, I bought a MEILING refrigerator from your shop. It had been working quite well till this morning. It does not work any more and there is a strange noise from the back of it. Would you please send someone to have a look at it? I am at home over the weekend.
I would be very much grateful if your mechanic comes and do that for me this coming weekend. Thanks a lot.
My address is as follows: 9 Xiang Yang Road, Shanghai.
Yours,
J.Smith
3.
Notice
Visiting professor Dr.John Gardner from Yale University is to give us a lecture on banking. Dr.Gardner has given all his time to the study of banking and he will tell us the latest developments in this field. Those who are interested in this topic are welcome.
Time: 9:00 a.m. Wednesday, November 11
Place: Room 202, Building 3
4.
Dear Li Min,
How nice to learn that you have won the first prize in the maths contest. Congratulations! I am not surprised at your success. You have been working so hard at it for the last few months! You have set a good example for us all.
Hope to hear more of your successes.
Yang Yang
5.
Dear Father and Mother,
Zhouhui is my deskmate. He’s tall and strong. He is very clever with his hands and can fix almost anything. In study he is good, too. He works very hard and usually gets good grades. Unlike many others, Zhouhui doesn’t smoke or drink. And he never comes back to the bedroom very late.
Zhouhui is my roommate, too. Everybody says he is a very good guy. And we all like him very much.
Love
Xiao Guang
6.
Dear Mr.Liu,
I learn with dismay from today’s paper that a severe earthquake happened in your city two days ago. It was indeed the sharpest one ever experienced and produced great effect on people’s life there. Your neighborhood was in the area of the earthquake center. I do hope you and you family have escaped without harm.
Looking forward to hearing from you in detail.
Yours sincerely,
Li Guoliang
7.
Dear Xiao Fang,
You promised to recommend me an English teacher. But two months have elapsed since we talked on this matter. What is the situation now? I am urgently in need of the teacher. I shall be grateful if you can give me an answer very soon.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Sincerely,
Li Jun
8.
Dear Wang Jie,
I’m leaving for Guangzhou on business trip on Wednesday afternoon, 28 June. Would you please help me to reserve one single room with private bath for me for that night. It would be most preferable if it is to be on the third floor.
Thank you for your kindness.
Yours faithfully,
Jun Wei
9.
Dear Li Nan,
Last Saturday, you came to our store to buy a blue shirt, size 39. Unfortunately, we have your size, but not in that color. Now, we have the shirt that you ordered. Please come to our store to buy it. By the way, before you come please give a call.
Sincerely,
The shop assistant
10.
Dear Sun Jie,
I had hoped to go swimming at the beach with you. But unfortunately, my grandpa was kn ocked down by a bike and I had to send him to hospital yesterday. So I’m afraid I can’t go with you tomorrow because I have to stay to look after him. I really beg your pardon. By the way,shall we go to the beach next Sunday?
Cao Jun
第一節(jié)命題規(guī)律
寫作部分是對考生書面表達能力的考查，因而在命題方面有著不同于其他部分的特點,考生應了解其命題規(guī)律，做到心中有數。
一、改寫句子
該節(jié)共有3道題，主要考查考生在意思相同的情況下，對不同句型的表達方式的掌握。改寫句子基本的要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體相同。以填空的形式命題，考生須填補空白并使補全的句子與原句意思一致。該節(jié)要求考生要仔細閱讀原句，準確理解其含義，將原句和目標句相互比較，找出需要補全的內容，正確改寫句子。
(一)改寫句子的?？碱}型
● 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換
【例句】
1.Many workers built this factory in 2001.
This factoryby many workers in 2001.
【正確答案】was built
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求熟悉被動語態(tài)的構成——不同時態(tài)下系動詞be的變化形式。
● 直接引語與間接引語的轉換
【例句】
2.He asked me,“Where are you going?”
He asked me.
【正確答案】where I was going
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解直接引語與間接引語。二者互變時要注意：人稱的變化；時間表示法的變化；指示代詞的變化；一般疑問句中疑問詞的變化；特殊疑問句中語序的變化規(guī)則等。
● There be句型的變換
【例句】
3.The room is empty.
There is in the room.
4.What can I do for you?
anything I can do for you?
【正確答案】3.nothing4.Is there
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解 there be 句型的基本結構，注意系動詞be在不同語境下的變化形式。
● It引導的形式主語句子與其他句型的轉換
【例句】
5.He spent 4 hours in doing his homework yesterday.
It took him 4 hours his homework yesterday.
6.It seems that they like pop music.
They to like pop music.
【正確答案】5.to do6.seem
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解代詞it在句子中的各種用法。it在英語中是個相當活躍的代詞，它可以作形式主語、形式賓語和引導強調句等。
● 一些習慣用法的不同表示法
第四章寫作全國英語等級考試教程(第一級)【例句】
7.They have studied English for 20 years.
They began to study English .
8.He went to the class at 9 o’clock.
He didn’t go to the class 9 o’clock.
【正確答案】7.20 years ago8.until
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握英語中一些習慣用法的表達方式。在改寫句子時，要求用不同的句型或不同的詞表達出相同的意思。
● 詞或詞組間的互換
【例句】
9.He spent 20 dollars buying this book.
He20 dollars this book.
10.She does well in English.
She is English.
【正確答案】9.paid...for10.good at
【規(guī)律分析】這部分考查同義詞或詞組的替換。有些詞雖然意義相近或相同，但往往在用法和結構搭配上有區(qū)別，考生應尤其注意。
● 句子與詞組間的互換
【例句】
11.We’re always busy with our work.
We seldom have .
12.The boy is very young. The boy can’t understand it.
The boy isyoung understand it.
【正確答案】11.free/spare time12.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些慣用詞組的用法，同時注意句子和詞組間的互換往往會使得句子結構改變。
● 形容詞、副詞比較級等基本句型的轉換
【例句】
13.Don’t forget to bring your book!
to bring your book!
14.My mother is not in/at home.
My mother is.
【正確答案】13.Remember14.out
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些基本的反義詞，然后通過否定反義詞的方法達到肯定的目的。
● 反義詞
【例句】
15.I don’t think maths is as interesting as English.
I think maths is English!
16.Of all the boys in the class, John runs the fastest.
John runsany other boy in the class.
【正確答案】15.less interesting than16.faster than
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生熟悉一些形容詞、副詞比較級的基本句型，如：not as (so)+原級形式+as;比較級形式+than...；高級形式+...in(of)...
● 詞形的派生
【例句】
17.The teacher told us to be careful when we did our exam.
The teacher told us to do our exam.
【正確答案】17.carefully
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生掌握一些基本的構詞法。詞匯學習中構詞法是重要的方法之一。通過加前綴或后綴的方法可使一個詞改變詞義或詞性?？忌鷳芨鶕湫?，將某個詞語變?yōu)樗枰男问健?BR> ● 從句的變換
N 主從復合句與并列句的相互轉換
【例句】
18.Hurry or you will be late for school.
you don’t hurry, you will be late for school.
N 從句與從句的相互轉換
【例句】
19.He came only after the meeting was over.
He didn’t comethe meeting was over.
N 從句和不定式的轉換
【例句】
20.The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
The box isheavy for melift.
【正確答案】18.If 19.until20.too...to...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生了解常見復合句的主句與從句間的關系，掌握復合句從句引導詞的用法以及一些起連接作用的詞組的用法。
● 用連接詞合并兩個簡單句
【例句】
21.Jane couldn’t sing well. I couldn’t sing well, either.
JaneI could sing well.
【正確答案】21.Neither...nor...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些常見連詞或連詞詞組的用法。這些連接詞包括and,both...and,not only...but also, either...or,neither...nor,but,so等。
從以上命題規(guī)律分析可以看出，只有掌握了句型，才能保證準確地改寫原句而又不改變其意思。這就要求考生在平時一定要注意多積累各種句型，切實掌握大綱所要求的各種語法規(guī)則，對那些常見的重要句型和表達方式要經常復習記憶。同時還要認識到，掌握了句型并不意味可以忽略詞匯的作用，不同的句型中同一個詞語可能有不同的含義或作用，也可能派生出不同的形式，考生需要結合考試題型，將詞匯放在句型中記憶和學習，從而在掌握句型的同時理解詞匯。
(二)改寫句子試題范例
下面是關于Mary昨天去商店的三對句子。每對句子中，第一句是原句，第二句是對第一句的改寫。要求根據原句和第二句中已經給出的部分補全第二句。注意不能改變原句的意思。
1.Many people went shopping yesterday.
There were many people yesterday.
2.Mary spent 3 hours buying New Year gifts.
It Mary 3 hours to buy New Year gifts.
3.She was so tired that she couldn’t walk any longer.
She was tiredwalk any longer.
【正確答案】1.in the shops/markets2.took3.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】第1題考查同義詞組間的轉換；第2題考查習慣用法的不同表達；第3題考查從句和不定式的轉換。
二、書面表達
該節(jié)主要考查考生運用英語進行書面表達的能力。題目以簡單的文字形式為考生提供了寫作情景，并明確提出了對考生的具體要求，即需要完成的任務。考生必須緊扣所給信息，用自己熟悉的語言進行表達，不可脫離情景隨意發(fā)揮，也不可逐字翻譯所給材料?？忌⒁獍杨}目中所規(guī)定的要點基本表達清楚。語言正確恰當，意思清楚連貫，格式正確，字數符合要求。
書面表達涉及的常見應用文體：
(一)簡短信函
【范例1】
情景：
假如你是從美國來中國學中文的Jane,你到北京一周了。
任務：請你用英語給在美國的朋友Tom寫一封50字左右的短信。告訴他：
·北京的天氣怎樣；
·你每天做什么；
·你對中國的感覺怎么樣。
請用下列格式：
Dear Tom,
...
Jane
【高分范文】
Dear Tom,
I’ve already been in Beijing for a week. Beijing is a beautiful city and it has always been fine these days. We have Chinese classes every day in the morning. In the afternoon, we play games with Chinese students, and talk with them in Chinese. Chinese people are very kind. I like China very much.
Jane
【規(guī)律分析】簡短信函的寫作是該部分常見的考查內容。英文信函的格式、表達方式、稱呼用語與中文信函有很大區(qū)別，考生應當注意這些區(qū)別，寫出比較地道的英語書信，在PETS第一級的書面表達中，通常會把所需使用的格式列出，但考生在平時練習中仍需要注意寫作格式，養(yǎng)成良好習慣，以便在考試時寫起來流暢自如。
(二) 便條
【范例2】
情景：
放假了，你同幾個朋友約好騎車去郊游，你要通知小李，但小李恰巧有事外出。
任務：請你用英語給他寫一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
·你們假期要組織什么活動；
·你們何時何地集合；
·你們如何去；
·需要帶些什么。
請用下列格式：
Dear Xiao Li,
...
Xiao Chen
【高分范文】
Dear Xiao Li,
We’re going to go for an outing on holiday by bike. We shall meet at the station at 7:00 in the morning the day after tomorrow. If you want to go with us, you should bring some food, water and money. We hope you will join us on time.
Xiao Chen
【規(guī)律分析】便條也是PETS第一級書面表達的考查重點。實際上是一種簡單的書信，內容簡短，格式簡單，通常只有一兩句話，開門見山。便條內容包括通知、詢問、約會、留言等。便條一般是托人遞交的或是本人臨時在某一場合直接留言，所談及的一般都是在一兩天內的情況。便條通常沒有寫信人及收信人地址，一般也沒有結束語等項，用詞隨便，比較接近于口語。
(三) 日記
【范例3】
情景：
你昨晚在回家的路上淋雨，晚上開始頭疼，今天不能去上課。
任務：請寫一篇50字左右的日記，所涉及內容有：
·為何得??；
·誰帶你去看??；
·醫(yī)生說了些什么。
請用下列格式：
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
...
【高分范文】
Tuesday, May 20th,2003
I feel not well today. I can’t go to school because I have caught a cold.
I was caught in the rain on my way home yesterday afternoon. I began to have a headache and a temperature at midnight. My mother took me to hospital this morning. The doctor said that I got a bad cold. He gave me some medicine and told me to stay in bed for one day.
So I’m staying home now. I hope I can go to school tomorrow.
【規(guī)律分析】日記是考生比較熟悉的一種寫作形式，為貼近生活，所以寫起來不會很困難。格式方面需要注意：日記前面應該有星期、年月日和天氣情況的說明，其中月和日不可省去，其余的有時可以省略，具體寫作格式視試題具體要求而定。
(四) 通知
【范例4】
情景：
本周六將有一位美國教授來學校講美國教育。
任務：請你用英語寫一張50字左右的簡單通知。內容：
·講座人；
·講座的時間、地點；
·講座的內容。
請用下列格式：
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education...
April 15,2002
【高分范文】
NOTICE
There will be a talk on the education of America from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m. this Saturday in Room 301. The talk will be given by Professor Smith. He comes from America. All people will be welcomed. Please be on time and bring your pens and notebooks. Thank you.
April 15,2002
【規(guī)律分析】通知是上級對下級，組織對成員部署工作、召開會議或傳達事情等使用的一種應用文。這種通知通常張貼在布告欄內，一般包括四部分：
（1）標題；
（2）正文；
（3）單位名稱（有時可以省略）；
（4）日期。
通知的內容要簡潔明了，不要寫得冗長繁瑣或含糊其辭。通知的語言一般不帶感情色彩，要盡量少用形容詞、副詞、俚語和俗語等。
第二節(jié)評分標準
第一節(jié)以標準答案為準。第二節(jié)評分標準如下：
一、評分原則
1.該節(jié)總分為10,按5個檔次給分。
2.評分時，先根據文章的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調整檔次，后給分。
3.字數少于40或多于60的（不包括標點符號）從總分中減去1分。
4.評分時應注意的主要內容為：內容要點、運用詞匯和語法結構的數量和準確性。
5.拼寫和標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面，評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
6.如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分數降低一個檔次。
二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求
1.第五檔（9～10分)完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)覆蓋所有內容要點。
(2)運用多種語法結構和詞匯。
(3)語法結構和詞匯準確。
2.第四檔（7～8分）較好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)覆蓋所有內容要求。
(2)盡力運用不同語法結構和詞匯。
(3)語法結構和詞匯基本準確，些許錯誤主要因為嘗試復雜語法結構或詞匯所致。
3.第三檔（5～6分）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)覆蓋所有主要內容。
(2)運用語法結構和詞匯方面能滿足任務的基本要求。
(3)有一些語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤，但不影響理解。
4.第二檔（3～4分）雖盡力但不足以完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)僅覆蓋部分主要內容，或寫了一些無關內容。
(2)語法結構和詞匯運用能力很弱。
(3)有許多語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了對寫作內容的理解。
5.第一檔（1～2分）未完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
(1)明顯未理解題意，導致未能完成試題規(guī)定的任務。
(2)句子不完整或無法理解。
(3)語法結構或詞匯方面錯誤連篇，影響了對寫作內容的理解；語言運用能力差。
6.0分未答題，或雖作答但不知所云。
第三節(jié)題型分析
一、改寫句子
該節(jié)基本的一項要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體保持不變。這種改寫是以填空的形式命題，即目標句里留有一處空白,考生填補空白并使補全的句子與原句意思一致。因此考生要仔細閱讀原句，準確理解原句的含義，將原句和目標句相互比較，才能找出需要補全的內容，保證改寫正確。下面對各種句型進行分類講解。
（一）包含There be 的句型
There be句型的基本結構為：There be + (數字) + 名詞+表示方位或范圍的介詞短語+（時間狀語），了解了這一基本結構，就能找出句中應該進行轉換或補全的內容。如：Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以轉換為 There were many Chinese friends at the party.（PETS1大綱樣題71題）。很明顯，原句中表示地點的詞party在目標句中沒有出現，我們補入一個介詞短語即可。
There be 句型在某些時候還可以與含有 have 的句子相互轉換。如：There are two chairs in my bedroom.可轉換為I have two chairs in my bedroom.目標句所有的物品以及場所都與原句相同，所以只能將其轉換為由 have 表示的所屬形式。
There are tears on her face.轉換為 She is crying.在這一句中，目標句只有簡單的主語和系動詞，但我們可以通過對原句內容的理解得知“她的臉上有淚?！薄八蘖恕?。
（二）包含it的句型
it用作形式主語時，其基本結構為：It is +adj.+to do sth.可以改為Doing sth.is+adj.如：It’s interesting to play football.可以轉換為Playing football is interesting.
強調句型通常強調人、物或時間。將it引導的強調句型轉換為非強調句型也是經?？疾榈囊豁梼热?。例如：It is Jack who broke the window. 轉換為Jack broke the window. It is ten o’clock when the film will start.轉換為 The film will start at ten o’clock. It is the red dress that I like best.轉換為 I like the red dress best.
（三）主動句與被動句的相互轉換
當你在比較原句與目標句時，如果發(fā)現其中一句的賓語變成了另一句的主語，或介詞by后面的詞句變成了另一句的主語，基本就可以確定這是一個主動句與被動句的相互轉換。如：Jack was given a lot of presents by his friends.轉換為Jack’s friends gave him a lot of presents.（PETS1大綱樣題72題）
（四）直接引語與間接引語的相互轉換
這兩種句子的轉換比較明顯，原句和目標句中，有一句會出現引號，另一句沒有引號，依此可以確定這是直接引語與間接引語的相互轉換。例如：Mary said：“Ann is the best student in the class this year.”轉換為Mary told me that Ann was the best student in the class that year.Mum asked me where I was going to go.轉換為Mum asked：“Where are you going to go？”
（五）其他句型的轉換
除以上提到的四種句型轉換外，還有其他一些形式的句型轉換，這些句型比較零散，覆蓋面廣，平時學習時要注意歸納總結規(guī)律性的東西，比較和掌握一些可以互換的同義詞或近義詞，以備考場上靈活運用。這里以能夠互換的典型詞組為線索，歸納舉例，供考生參考：prefer－like－would－rather，hard－difficult,too...to－so that, be good at－do well in， What引導的感嘆句－How引導的感嘆句等等。
二、書面表達
本部分要求考生根據題目所給信息用英文寫便條或短信。在完成這一任務時，考生需要注意的主要一點就是不要遺忘題目中有用的信息。參照下題，可以發(fā)現這些有用信息主要來自于題目中的情景和任務兩處。任務欄下的三點信息一目了然?？忌话悴粫z漏，需要注意的是不要遺忘包含在情景中的那一條信息。下面分析這個題目：
情景：Tom來北京跟你一起度暑假，住在你家。今天下午，你有事外出。出門時，他還在睡覺。
任務：請你用英語給他寫一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
在家里可以干什么；
你中午何時回來；
提醒他下午有何安排。（PETS1大綱樣題74題）
該題除了“在家里可以干什么。你中午何時回來。提醒他下午有何安排?！边@三點之外，還要加上一點，即今天上午，你有事外出。這一點包含在情景當中。
下面給出該題的范文：
Dear Tom,
I have to go out this morning.(交代了今天上午，你有事外出。)You can read some story books or walk around the area.(告訴了他在家里可以干什么。)I’ll come back at about 11:30.(說明你中午何時回來。)After dinner, we’ll go to the Beijing Zoo.(提醒他下午有何安排。)
Li Ming
第四節(jié)應試指導
一、統籌安排時間
寫作部分共20分鐘，約占全部考試時間的20％。在20分鐘內，考生要完成對題目要求的閱讀、更改三個句子、寫完一篇作文，時間比較緊張。因此統籌安排時間非常重要。為在較短的時間內較好地完成題目的要求，在時間分配上，改寫句子部分不要超過5分鐘，這一部分分值較少，而且答案單一，對錯分明，易于完成；15分鐘留給作文，作文需要組織材料，構思語句，加工潤色，整個過程較為復雜。因此要多安排時間。
二、確定寫作內容
由于一級的作文相對比較簡單，所以寫作內容的確定也就相對比較容易。只要考生抓住題目當中的有用信息就不會跑題。在閱讀題目指示時，要開動腦筋，首先找出包含在情景和任務中的幾點信息（通常為四點）,根據這些信息來安排內容，確定主題，動手寫作。
三、控制字數
一級考試其試卷中明確規(guī)定作文的字數為50個單詞左右，大綱中的評分標準中提到“字數少于40或多于60的（不包括標點符號）從總分中減去1分”，所以考生要特別注意作文的字數。只要內容緊扣情景和任務中已給出的信息，不寫與主題無關的話，每一個要點用一句話表述清楚，基本上可以將字數控制在50個左右。
四、保持卷面整潔
大綱中的評分標準中明確指出“如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分數降低一個檔次?！彼?，在書寫的過程中，好先打腹稿，以免下筆后再涂改，造成卷面的臟亂。平時也要養(yǎng)成良好的書寫習慣。否則，因為書寫問題而降低作文的檔次，就很可惜了。
五、檢查
寫完后，還需要以讀者和閱卷人的眼光，將文章審讀一遍，找出在寫作過程中產生的一些問題，如單詞的拼寫錯誤、詞組搭配錯誤和句子的語法結構錯誤等，以及寫出的東西是否達到了題目的要求，是否表達出了自己想要表達的內容。
另外，一級的寫作依據是具體情景，強調語言的實用性和真實性。所以，平時要注意觀察生活，積累生活常識，這樣在寫作時，才能下筆有物。
第五節(jié)改寫句子
一、改寫句子練習
1.It’s very kind of you to bring me the flowers.
Thank you very much.
2.He sold newspapers in spare time so that he can earn more money for his family.
he sold newspapers in spare time.
3.We are proud because we are the builders of the new century.
We are proudthe builders of the new century.
4.He doesn’t like shopping, I don’t either.
likes shopping.
5.The students said that they won’t be free that night.
The students said that theythat night.
6.The teacher told us not to make noise .
The teacher told us.
7.She has made a name for herself as a painter.
Sheas a painter.
8.He has lost the control over his temper.
Hehis temper any longer.
9.He has written quite a few books on the subject.
Quite a few bookson the subject.
10.Today pollution is more serious than it was years ago.
Pollution yearsagoit is today.
11.People hold the Olympic Games every four years.
The Olympic Gamesevery four years.
12.I think the room is small for my family.
I don’t thinkfor my family.
13.Jack enjoys listening to the radio.He also enjoys watching TV.
Jack enjoys listening to the radioas watching TV.
14.The new job made Henry angry easily.
Henryangry easily his new job.
15.Jack left his lunch at home.
Jackhis lunch.
16.It’s necessary for you to change your dress.
You needyour dress.
17.Bill will have the radio repaired.
Bill will askrepair the radio for him.
18.I could do with a simple lunch.
A simple lunchfine with me.
19.When she awoke,she had a feeling of terror.
She awokeof terror.
20.If you are lucky enough, you may get your novel published.
Withluck, you may get your novel published.
21.She is too carless to take care of her baby brother.
She isenough to take care of her baby brother.
22.He felt so hot that he took off his shirt.
It was too hotkeep wearing the shirt.
23.Mary does not like ice瞔ream as much as John does.
John likes ice瞔reamMary does.
24.We have to plant the beans in a row.
The beansin a row.
25.Sally was walking down the street in her new coat when John saw her.
John saw Sallyshe was walking down the street.
26.The book I wanted is not to be found in the library.
The librarythe book I wanted.
27.When did he break his leg?
How longhe break his leg?
28.Mrs.King was busy, so she didn’t come to the English party.
Mrs.King didn’t come to the English party she was busy.
29.Nothing is wrong with your bike.
anything wrong with your bike.
30.Let’s go skating, shall we?
going skating?
31.My parents aren’t at home at the moment.
My parents aren’t at home.
32.They started to look for the lost child.
Theyto look for the lost child.
33.He looked at me in surprise when I told him the news.
Helook at me when I told him the news.
34.The workers are still working hard at noon.
The workers are still working hardthe day.
35.Class 4 will have a match with Class 5 this afternoon.
Class 4 willClass 5 this afternoon.
36.It was raining when I went home yesterday.
yesterday, it was raining.
37.The eraser goes from one student to another.
The mustthe eraser fromto another.
38.Go down this road, and turn right at the first crossing.
this road, andthe firstthe right.
39.John is a Canadian.
JohnCanada.
40.The other students must close their eyes.
The other students musttheir eyes.
41.The headmaster took his place, and the meeting began at once.
The meeting beganthe headmaster took his place.
42.There is a hospital opposite the shop.
There is a hospitalthe shop.
43.She always works hard at English.
She always.
44.Which month do you like best?
Which yourmonth.
45.Wei Hua had a very busy day yesterday.
Wei Huavery busy yesterday.
46.Kate came to school late yesterday.
Kate yesterday.
47.Don’t hurry. You can finish the work by supper.
. You can finish the work by supper.
48.Mr.Smith did not catch the last train yesterday because of rain.
Mr. Smiththe last train yesterday because of rain.
49.There will be an important meeting. He must attend it.
He has an important meeting .
50.I have no sisters.
Ihavesisters.
51.He spent 5 dollars buying that skirt.
That skirt him 5 dollars.
52.They got up early so that they could catch the bus.
They got up early catch the bus.
53.My mother bought me a watch yesterday.
My mother bought me yesterday.
54.Why did you do that?
did you do that?
55.He was surprised to find the light had gone out.
his, he found the light had gone out.
56.That morning she went to school in a hurry.
That morning sheschool.
57.The little girl took out her new toy(玩具)to let her friends look at it.
The little girl took out her new toy toit her friends.
58.It rained very hard last night.
Therelast night.
59.It will not rain tomorrow. If so, they will go to the park.
They will go to the park iftomorrow.
60.The school needs maths teachers very much.
The school isgreatmaths teachers.
二、改寫句子練習答案
1.for the flowers you brought me
2.In order to earn more money for his family
3.enough to be4.Neither of us
5.will be busy6.to be quiet
7.became famous8.could not control
9.have been written10.was not so serious years, as
11.are held12.the room is big enough
13.as well14.got, because of
15.didn’t bring16.to change
17.someone to18.is
19.with a feeling20.a lot of
21.not careful22.for him to
23.more than24.have to be planted
25.in her new coat when26.does not have
27.ago did28.because
29.There isn’t30.What about
31.right now32.set out
33.was surprised to34.in the middle of
35.play against36.On my way home
37.students,pass,one38.Walk along, take, turning,on
39.comes from(或 is from)40.keep, closed
41.as soon as42.on the other side of
43.studies English hard44.is, favourite
45.was46.was late for school
47.Take your time48.missed
49.to attend50.don’t, any
51.cost52.in order to (so as to)
53.a watch for54.What,for
55.To,surprise56.hurried to
57.show, to58.was a heavy rain
59.does not rain60.in ,need of
第六節(jié)書面表達
一、書面表達練習
1.情景：潘力和劉一是校友。潘力手頭有兩張在北京展覽館舉辦的家用電腦展覽會的門票。
任務：假定你是潘力，留一張便條給劉一，約她星期日上午9時在學校4號門見面，然后一起去參觀展覽會。
2.情景：Smith先生三個星期前買了一臺冰箱。昨天冰箱出了故障，發(fā)出一種奇怪的聲音，不再工作了。
任務：假定你是Smith先生，給商店經理寫一封信，要求盡快派人來修理。
3.情景：美國耶魯大學來訪教授John Gardner博士將于11月11日星期三上午9時在3號樓202教室作講座。內容是金融領域新動向。
任務：假定你是金融系的教學秘書，寫一則通知，歡迎有興趣的人來聽這一講座。
4.任務：根據下列提示，給朋友李敏寫一封短信。
（1）祝賀她數學競賽獲得第一名；
（2）對她的成功并不感到奇怪，因為她一貫勤奮刻苦；
（3）她的努力給自己作出了榜樣；
（4）希望聽到更多有關她的好消息。
5.情景：假定你是曉光，與周輝是同桌，上次你的父母問起過他的情況，因為沒有時間，不能詳細說明。
任務：現在，寫一封60字左右的短信跟他們說明周輝的情況。
（1）他身體高大，強壯，會做很多事情；
（2）他學習成績很好；
（3）從不飲酒，總是按時回寢室；
（4）我們都很喜歡他。
6.情景：你有一個臺灣朋友，叫劉建民，昨天驚聞那里發(fā)生了強烈地震，你很為他擔心。
任務：寫一封60字左右的短信問候他。假定你是李國良。
（1）從報上得知他居住的城市發(fā)生了強烈地震；
（2）地震破壞性很大，給人民的生活造成很大的影響；
（3）衷心地希望他和他的家人能平安無事；
（4）希望能早點聽到他的音信。
7.情景：你的英語成績不是很好，所以，兩個月以前你曾委托同學小芳幫你找一位英語教師補課，可是到現在還沒有消息，你很著急。
任務：寫一張50字左右的便條給小芳，向她追問此事，假定你是李君。
（1）她曾經答應過要給你找一位英語老師；
（2）如今兩個月過去了，不知此事怎樣了；
（3）你急需一位英語老師；
（4）如能答復將不勝感激。
8.情景：假定你是駿偉，即將要去廣州出差，請你的同學王頡幫你預訂廣州的旅館房間。
任務：寫一張50字左右的便條給王頡，要他以你的名義預訂房間。
（1）你將在6月28日，星期三下午到達廣州；
（2）需要有浴室的單人房間；
（3）好在三樓。
9.情景:假如你是商店的營業(yè)員，李南上次來買襯衫，有他的尺寸，但是沒有藍色的。李南就向你預訂了一件，現在貨已到。
任務：給李南寫一張50字左右的便條。
（1）李南上次曾經來你店買過襯衫，但是沒有買到合適的；
（2）上次要買的襯衫已經到貨；
（3）問他什么時候來買；
（4）來之前請先打個電話。
10.情景：曹君和孫潔約好在星期天去海濱（the beach）游泳，可是曹君的爺爺意外地被自行車撞倒，因此，她不想去了，假定你是曹君。
任務：給孫潔寫一封50字左右的字條，告訴她此事。
（1）本來約好和她一起去海濱游泳；
（2）不幸的是，你的爺爺被自行車撞了，你得留下來照顧他；
（3）恐怕不能和她一起去海濱了，感到很抱歉；
（4）約她下星期天再去海濱。
二、書面表達練習參考答案
1.
Now.9,1996
Dear Liu Yi,
I’ve got two tickets for Beijing Exhibition on Sunday. They are for the PERSONAL COMPUTER SHOW in the exhibiton.I’m sure you’ll be interested in it.If so, we could go there together. Shall we meet at Gate Four at 9 a.m. on Sunday morning?Please let me know if it’s OK with you as soon as possible.
Pan Li
2.
Dear Sir,
Three weeks ago, I bought a MEILING refrigerator from your shop. It had been working quite well till this morning. It does not work any more and there is a strange noise from the back of it. Would you please send someone to have a look at it? I am at home over the weekend.
I would be very much grateful if your mechanic comes and do that for me this coming weekend. Thanks a lot.
My address is as follows: 9 Xiang Yang Road, Shanghai.
Yours,
J.Smith
3.
Notice
Visiting professor Dr.John Gardner from Yale University is to give us a lecture on banking. Dr.Gardner has given all his time to the study of banking and he will tell us the latest developments in this field. Those who are interested in this topic are welcome.
Time: 9:00 a.m. Wednesday, November 11
Place: Room 202, Building 3
4.
Dear Li Min,
How nice to learn that you have won the first prize in the maths contest. Congratulations! I am not surprised at your success. You have been working so hard at it for the last few months! You have set a good example for us all.
Hope to hear more of your successes.
Yang Yang
5.
Dear Father and Mother,
Zhouhui is my deskmate. He’s tall and strong. He is very clever with his hands and can fix almost anything. In study he is good, too. He works very hard and usually gets good grades. Unlike many others, Zhouhui doesn’t smoke or drink. And he never comes back to the bedroom very late.
Zhouhui is my roommate, too. Everybody says he is a very good guy. And we all like him very much.
Love
Xiao Guang
6.
Dear Mr.Liu,
I learn with dismay from today’s paper that a severe earthquake happened in your city two days ago. It was indeed the sharpest one ever experienced and produced great effect on people’s life there. Your neighborhood was in the area of the earthquake center. I do hope you and you family have escaped without harm.
Looking forward to hearing from you in detail.
Yours sincerely,
Li Guoliang
7.
Dear Xiao Fang,
You promised to recommend me an English teacher. But two months have elapsed since we talked on this matter. What is the situation now? I am urgently in need of the teacher. I shall be grateful if you can give me an answer very soon.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Sincerely,
Li Jun
8.
Dear Wang Jie,
I’m leaving for Guangzhou on business trip on Wednesday afternoon, 28 June. Would you please help me to reserve one single room with private bath for me for that night. It would be most preferable if it is to be on the third floor.
Thank you for your kindness.
Yours faithfully,
Jun Wei
9.
Dear Li Nan,
Last Saturday, you came to our store to buy a blue shirt, size 39. Unfortunately, we have your size, but not in that color. Now, we have the shirt that you ordered. Please come to our store to buy it. By the way, before you come please give a call.
Sincerely,
The shop assistant
10.
Dear Sun Jie,
I had hoped to go swimming at the beach with you. But unfortunately, my grandpa was kn ocked down by a bike and I had to send him to hospital yesterday. So I’m afraid I can’t go with you tomorrow because I have to stay to look after him. I really beg your pardon. By the way,shall we go to the beach next Sunday?
Cao Jun