（10）強調結構
1. 強調句的定義
強調是有效地進行思想交流的重要手段之一。人們在交際過程中，為了使自己的思想能為聽者或讀者恰當?shù)睦斫?，必須突出重要的內容，這就需要運用強調的手段。
2. 強調的構成
在現(xiàn)代英語中，人們可以通過語音手段、詞匯手段、語法手段來進行強調。
（1）語音手段
在口語中，人們可以根據交流的需要，通過語句重音來對不同的詞語進行強調。例如 He speaks English well 這句話，可以通過語句重音來分別對不同的詞進行強調：
A：We need a good student to host the evening party.
B：Well，he speaks English well. （側重“他”）
A：He's been living in Canada for years.
B：He speaks English well but his writing is not very good. （側重“說”）
A：He speaks fluent French.
B：He speaks English well，too. （側重“英語”）
A：Do you think he is fit for the job？
B：Certainly. He speaks English well. （側重“好”）
（2）詞匯手段
人們常用一些形容詞、副詞、否定詞等詞匯手段來較強語氣。例如：
This is a most interesting TV play. 這是一部非常有趣的電視劇。
Grace is tall，but Catherine is still taller. 格雷斯個子很高，但是凱瑟林個子更高。
War and peace is the best novel that l have ever read.《戰(zhàn)爭與和平》是我曾經讀過的小說。
The last thing that a lazy student wishes is examination. 懶學生最不愿意的事情就是考試。
At that very moment the policemen came. 就在那時警察到了。
I can't even remember the name of that old friend of mine. 我甚至連那位老朋友的名字都不記得了。
Where in the world did you go just now ？ 你剛才究竟去哪兒了？
What on earth are you doing？ 你究竟在干什么？
She's not in the least angry with me. 她一點也不生我的氣。
The president himself will chare the meeting. 總統(tǒng)將親自主持這個會議。（反身代詞作主語同位語表示強調）
（3）語法手段
1. 用It is／was…that／who…句型表示強調。
被強調的部分（通常是句子的主語、狀語、賓語或賓語補足語）放在is／was的后面，如被強調的是人，則后面可用who，whom等代替。例如：
He met an old friend in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公園碰見一個老朋友。
上述句子可以通過強調句型對除謂語以外的不同成分進行強調。如：
It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday. （強調主語）
It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. （強調賓語）
It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. （強調地點狀語）
It was yesterday that he met an old friend in he park. （強調時間狀語）
2. 用助動詞do，does或did來強調謂語動詞。例如：
Do come early. 一定早點來。
He did send you a letter last week. 他上周確實給你寄過一封信。
We're pleased that she does intend to come. 她的確打算來，我們非常高興。
3.用主語從句+BE+被強調部分，主語從句常用what引導。例如：
John wants a ball. 約翰想要一個球。
What John wants is a ball. 約翰想要的是一個球。
Mary gives piano lessons every day. 瑪麗每天教鋼琴。
What Mary does every day is （to） give piano lessons. 瑪麗每天干的工作是教鋼琴。
4. 用修辭疑問句，表示強調。
疑問句轉用作加強語氣的陳述句時，即可稱為修辭性疑問句。需要注意的是：肯定的修辭疑問句其意義相當于強調的否定陳述句；而否定的修辭疑問句其意義則相當于強調的肯定陳述句。如：
Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement？ 誰能懷疑他陳述的真實性？ （＝ Surely no one can / would doubt it.）
Who doesn't know the sun rises in the east？ 誰不知道太陽從東方升起？（＝Everyone knows…）
5 人們還可以通過改變句子結構或顛倒正常語氣的手段來進行強調。例如：
Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中國決不會第一個使用核武器。
Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level of science and technology. 只有這樣，我們才能趕上并超過世界先進科技水平。
Happy are those who are content. 知足常樂。
1. It is／was…that… 強調句型的強調部分必須是對 that / who 之后句子的某一成分表示強調，如果把 “It is （was）……that ”去掉，該句應該意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。區(qū)分下例兩句：
It was 7 o'clock when he came back. 他回來時7點鐘了。（it指時間）
It was at 7 o'clock that he came back. 他是7點鐘回來的。（強調句，強調at 7 o'clock）
只能由because引導，不能由since、as或why引導。例如：
It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. 正是由于水漲了，他們沒有渡過河去。（不用because或since）
3.注意 “ not …… until ” 強調句型的變化。比較下列三個句子：
She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.
It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.
4. It is／was…that…強調句型中，that作賓語時可以省略，例如：
It was a new dictionary （that） Father bought for me. 父親給我買的是一本新字典。
Was it her （that） you were talking about？ 你剛才是和她在談話嗎？
5. 如果強調的是特殊疑問句，要用“特殊疑問詞+is/was + it + that +…”結構，表示“究竟是誰……，到底在哪里……”等等。例如：
Who was it that you want to see？ 你究竟想見誰？
Where was it that you saw the teacher？ 你到底在哪里看見老師的？
Why is it that you want to change your mind？ 你究竟為什么要改變主意？
I.單項選擇 從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的*************：
1. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .
A. was B. are C. were D. had been
2. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. which B. when C. that D. since
3. She said she would go and she ________ go.
A. didn't B. did C. really D. would
4. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.
A. what； that B. that； what C. that； which D. which； that
5. —— Were all three people in the car injured in the accident？
—— No，______ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. there were B. it were C. there was D. it was
II.句型轉換 改寫下列各句，強調黑體字部分：
1. Bill made a kite at school yesterday.
2. John sells potatoes.
3. The mother loves her baby dearly.
4. I painted the door white.
5. She left her gloves in your room.
6. Mr Smith gave a new pen to me.
******************：
I. ACBDD
II.
1. It was Bill who made a kite at school yesterday.
2. What John wants is a book.
3. The mother does love her baby dearly.
4. It was white that I painted the door.
5. It was in your room that she left her gloves.
6. It was me that Mr Smith gave me a pen to.
1. 強調句的定義
強調是有效地進行思想交流的重要手段之一。人們在交際過程中，為了使自己的思想能為聽者或讀者恰當?shù)睦斫?，必須突出重要的內容，這就需要運用強調的手段。
2. 強調的構成
在現(xiàn)代英語中，人們可以通過語音手段、詞匯手段、語法手段來進行強調。
（1）語音手段
在口語中，人們可以根據交流的需要，通過語句重音來對不同的詞語進行強調。例如 He speaks English well 這句話，可以通過語句重音來分別對不同的詞進行強調：
A：We need a good student to host the evening party.
B：Well，he speaks English well. （側重“他”）
A：He's been living in Canada for years.
B：He speaks English well but his writing is not very good. （側重“說”）
A：He speaks fluent French.
B：He speaks English well，too. （側重“英語”）
A：Do you think he is fit for the job？
B：Certainly. He speaks English well. （側重“好”）
（2）詞匯手段
人們常用一些形容詞、副詞、否定詞等詞匯手段來較強語氣。例如：
This is a most interesting TV play. 這是一部非常有趣的電視劇。
Grace is tall，but Catherine is still taller. 格雷斯個子很高，但是凱瑟林個子更高。
War and peace is the best novel that l have ever read.《戰(zhàn)爭與和平》是我曾經讀過的小說。
The last thing that a lazy student wishes is examination. 懶學生最不愿意的事情就是考試。
At that very moment the policemen came. 就在那時警察到了。
I can't even remember the name of that old friend of mine. 我甚至連那位老朋友的名字都不記得了。
Where in the world did you go just now ？ 你剛才究竟去哪兒了？
What on earth are you doing？ 你究竟在干什么？
She's not in the least angry with me. 她一點也不生我的氣。
The president himself will chare the meeting. 總統(tǒng)將親自主持這個會議。（反身代詞作主語同位語表示強調）
（3）語法手段
1. 用It is／was…that／who…句型表示強調。
被強調的部分（通常是句子的主語、狀語、賓語或賓語補足語）放在is／was的后面，如被強調的是人，則后面可用who，whom等代替。例如：
He met an old friend in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公園碰見一個老朋友。
上述句子可以通過強調句型對除謂語以外的不同成分進行強調。如：
It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday. （強調主語）
It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. （強調賓語）
It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. （強調地點狀語）
It was yesterday that he met an old friend in he park. （強調時間狀語）
2. 用助動詞do，does或did來強調謂語動詞。例如：
Do come early. 一定早點來。
He did send you a letter last week. 他上周確實給你寄過一封信。
We're pleased that she does intend to come. 她的確打算來，我們非常高興。
3.用主語從句+BE+被強調部分，主語從句常用what引導。例如：
John wants a ball. 約翰想要一個球。
What John wants is a ball. 約翰想要的是一個球。
Mary gives piano lessons every day. 瑪麗每天教鋼琴。
What Mary does every day is （to） give piano lessons. 瑪麗每天干的工作是教鋼琴。
4. 用修辭疑問句，表示強調。
疑問句轉用作加強語氣的陳述句時，即可稱為修辭性疑問句。需要注意的是：肯定的修辭疑問句其意義相當于強調的否定陳述句；而否定的修辭疑問句其意義則相當于強調的肯定陳述句。如：
Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement？ 誰能懷疑他陳述的真實性？ （＝ Surely no one can / would doubt it.）
Who doesn't know the sun rises in the east？ 誰不知道太陽從東方升起？（＝Everyone knows…）
5 人們還可以通過改變句子結構或顛倒正常語氣的手段來進行強調。例如：
Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中國決不會第一個使用核武器。
Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level of science and technology. 只有這樣，我們才能趕上并超過世界先進科技水平。
Happy are those who are content. 知足常樂。
1. It is／was…that… 強調句型的強調部分必須是對 that / who 之后句子的某一成分表示強調，如果把 “It is （was）……that ”去掉，該句應該意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。區(qū)分下例兩句：
It was 7 o'clock when he came back. 他回來時7點鐘了。（it指時間）
It was at 7 o'clock that he came back. 他是7點鐘回來的。（強調句，強調at 7 o'clock）
只能由because引導，不能由since、as或why引導。例如：
It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. 正是由于水漲了，他們沒有渡過河去。（不用because或since）
3.注意 “ not …… until ” 強調句型的變化。比較下列三個句子：
She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.
It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.
4. It is／was…that…強調句型中，that作賓語時可以省略，例如：
It was a new dictionary （that） Father bought for me. 父親給我買的是一本新字典。
Was it her （that） you were talking about？ 你剛才是和她在談話嗎？
5. 如果強調的是特殊疑問句，要用“特殊疑問詞+is/was + it + that +…”結構，表示“究竟是誰……，到底在哪里……”等等。例如：
Who was it that you want to see？ 你究竟想見誰？
Where was it that you saw the teacher？ 你到底在哪里看見老師的？
Why is it that you want to change your mind？ 你究竟為什么要改變主意？
I.單項選擇 從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的*************：
1. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .
A. was B. are C. were D. had been
2. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. which B. when C. that D. since
3. She said she would go and she ________ go.
A. didn't B. did C. really D. would
4. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.
A. what； that B. that； what C. that； which D. which； that
5. —— Were all three people in the car injured in the accident？
—— No，______ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. there were B. it were C. there was D. it was
II.句型轉換 改寫下列各句，強調黑體字部分：
1. Bill made a kite at school yesterday.
2. John sells potatoes.
3. The mother loves her baby dearly.
4. I painted the door white.
5. She left her gloves in your room.
6. Mr Smith gave a new pen to me.
******************：
I. ACBDD
II.
1. It was Bill who made a kite at school yesterday.
2. What John wants is a book.
3. The mother does love her baby dearly.
4. It was white that I painted the door.
5. It was in your room that she left her gloves.
6. It was me that Mr Smith gave me a pen to.