自考“英語(一)”筆記(62)

字號:

15.claim v. 聲稱,主張;對…提出要求,索取   n. 主張;斷言
    1)One organization has claimed responsibility for the bombing.(已有一個組織聲稱這次爆炸是他們干的。)
    2)She claimed to have told the truth.(她聲稱她說的是實話。)
    3)He claimed that he had nothing to do with them.(他聲稱自己與他們毫無關(guān)系。)
    4)No one came to claim on this box.(沒人來認領(lǐng)這個盒子。)
    5)An old man claimed the watch.(一位老人認領(lǐng)了那塊手表。)
    6)The matter claims our attention.(這事需要我們予以注意。)
    7)They have put forward a claim for compensation.(他們已經(jīng)提出索賠。)
    8)Having made such a bold claim,she finds it hard to admit she was wrong.(作出了如此大膽的斷言,她發(fā)現(xiàn)要承認自己錯了很難。)
    9)His claim to the property was denied.(他對財產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)被否決了。)
    16.multiplicity n. 多種多樣,多樣性
    1)We are all amazed at the multiplicity of the nature.(大自然的多樣性令我們大家驚奇。)
    2)They found a multiplicity of errors in the article.(他們在文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多錯誤。)
    3)How could he cope with a multiplicity of duties.(他怎能應(yīng)付這繁多的職責?)
    multiple adj. 多個的,多種的;許多的
    1)He got a multiple entry visa.(他簽到了多次入境簽證。)
    2)They have made multiple achievements in the past five years.(在過去的五年中,他們?nèi)〉昧朔N種成就。)
    17.endanger v. 危害
    請注意這個詞是由動詞前綴en-加名詞danger構(gòu)成的,英語中,這一類詞很多,如encourage(鼓勵),enlist(入伍;協(xié)助),enrage(激怒),entrust(委托)等等。
    1)His health is endangered by overwork.(他的健康因勞累過度而受到損害。)
    2)They claimed that the herbicides would not endanger human life.(他們聲稱這些除草劑不會危及人的生命。)
    18.disrupt v. 使破裂;擾亂
    1)The war disrupted the economy.(戰(zhàn)爭擾亂了經(jīng)濟。)
    2)Traffic was disrupted by the snow storm.(交通因暴風雪而中斷。)
    3)Their misunderstanding disrupted the partnership.(他們之間的誤解使他們散伙。)
    disruption n. 破裂,混亂
    1)The whole factory was in disruption.(整個工廠一片混亂。)
    2)The incident led to the disruption of the family.(那件事導致了家庭的破裂。)
    19.eventually adv. 終于,終
    eventual adj. 后的,結(jié)果的
    1)He eventually realized that he was wrong.(他終于意識到自己錯了。)
    2)They eventually took over the company.(他們終于接管了那家公司。)
    3)His mistake led to his eventual dismissal.(他的錯誤致使他終被解雇。)
    4)He is sure about his eventual success.(他肯定自己終會成功。)
    20.confirm v. 證實,肯定;批準,確認
    1)You need to confirm your reservations 48 hours in advance.(你需要提前48小時確定預(yù)訂。)
    2)The rumor is confirmed.(謠傳被證實了。)
    3)Her remarks confirmed me in my belief that the young man was innocent.(她的話使我進一步認定那個年輕男子是清白的。)
    4)The United Nations has confirmed the treaty.(聯(lián)合國已批準了這項條約。)
    本課簡介
    越來越多的美國人會在一生中或多次地經(jīng)歷驚嚇癥。驚嚇癥的癥狀與心臟病的癥狀極其相似,于是得了驚嚇癥的人往往誤認為自己得了心臟病。那么驚嚇癥與心臟病如何區(qū)別?心臟病的癥狀只是氣急和疼痛,而驚嚇癥則會有如下的表現(xiàn):1)對一些極尋常的情況驚恐不安;2)氣急、胸痛。心跳加快,突然發(fā)抖,周圍的人或物變得虛幻;3)恐懼死亡或瘋狂;4)發(fā)病年齡在20-30歲;5)女性多于男性; 6)癥狀多樣化;7)大量飲酒和使用藥物的人多發(fā)。驚嚇癥雖然不會對人的生命產(chǎn)生直接危害,但是專家們建議好向醫(yī)生咨詢,如果確實患有驚嚇癥,則需要心理和藥物治療。
    本課主要語言點
    1.…suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by shortness of breath.
    哪個部位的疼痛,通常用pain in…來表示,比如:a pain in the abdomen(腹部疼痛),a pain in the chest(胸部疼痛)。當然我們也可以用abdomen pain,chest pain 來表達。而a pain in the neck 則是指“令人討厭或惱火的人或事”)。
    pain是個常用詞,可以做名詞用也可以做動詞用。
    1)No pains, no gains.(不勞則無獲。)
    2)Father went to great pains to stress the importance of independence.(父親煞費苦心地強調(diào)獨立的重要性。)
    3)The death of his daughter gave the old man much pain. (女兒的去世令那位老人極為悲痛。)
    4)My left leg is paining.(我的左腿痛。)
    5)It pains her to see him thinner from illness.(看到他因病日漸消瘦,她心里很難過。)
    be accompanied by 意為“由…伴隨”;如:
    1)He burst into the room accompanied by his body guards.(他在保鏢的伴隨下闖進屋里。)
    2)Pneumonia is often accompanied by fever and cough. (肺炎常常伴有發(fā)燒和咳嗽。)
    2.Her husband immediately rushed Anne to a nearby hospital where her pains were diagnosed as having been caused by panic,and not a heart attack.
    請注意“rush”在本句中的用法。在此作及物動詞用。如:
    1)He rushed the tourists round the sights. (他帶著游客們匆匆參觀了各處名勝。)
    2)The ambulance rushed him to a hospital.(救護車火速送他進醫(yī)院。)
    3)Let me think about it and don't rush me.(讓我把這件事想一下,別催我。)
    在大多數(shù)情況下rush作不及物動詞和名詞用。如:
    1)The rain rushed against the house.(暴雨沖打著屋子。)
    2)The reporters are rushing to the scene.(記者們正趕往現(xiàn)場。)
    3)Blood rushed to his face when the young man offered to buy him a pudding.
    (當那位年輕人提出給他買個蛋糕時,血涌上了他的臉。)
    4)There is no rush.(不用急急忙忙的。)
    5)She felt a sudden rush of dizziness.(她感到一陣眩暈。)
    6)He went to America during the Californian gold rush.(他在加利福尼亞淘金熱時去了美國。)
    nearby 可以做形容詞用,也可以做副詞用,在本句中用作形容詞,修飾其后的名詞hospital.
    diagnose…as… 把…診斷為…,如:
    1)His failure was diagnosed as being caused by carelessness.(他的失敗被判定為由粗心所致。)
    2)The doctor diagnosed her illness as diabetes.(醫(yī)生診斷她的病是糖尿病。)
    因為句子中的as是介詞,在介詞后要用動名詞,又由于需用被動語態(tài),所以出現(xiàn)了having been caused by的形式。
    3.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters.
    本句中的like是一個出現(xiàn)頻率很高的詞,在下列例句中,like用作介詞:
    1)She is like a bird.(如像鳥兒一樣。)
    2)It was not like him to forget her birthday.(他才不會把她的生日忘記呢。)
    3)I feel like sleeping.(我想睡覺。)
    4)It looks like a clear day tomorrow. (明天看來會是晴天。)
    5)He acts like a grown up person.(他的舉止行動像成人。)
    experienced by Anne Peters 在句子中做定語,修飾the one .
    1)I don't like the one chosen by him.(我不喜歡他選擇的那一個。)
    2)The camera bought by Xiao Li is stolen.(小李買的那個相機被偷了。)
    4.The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.
    通常我們用so…that…。 表示“如此……以致于……” .本句中的such ,是因為so只能用來修飾形容詞和副詞,而名詞(名詞短語)則要用 such 來修飾,如:
    1)He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.(他跑得這樣快,沒人能趕上他。)
    2)This book is so interesting that he doesn't want to put is down.(這本書太有意思了,他都不想把書放下。)
    3)It was such a sunny day that he wanted to go out to enjoy the warm sunshine.(天氣如此睛朗,他想出去享受這溫暖的陽光。)
    在形容詞similar的后面通常用介詞 to,使用名詞 similarity 時,其后也用 to.如:
    1)My problems are similar to yours.(我的問題與你的類似。)
    2)The two cats are similar to each other in appearance and size.(這兩只貓的模樣和大小相仿。)
    3)Liverpool has a certain similarity to Marseilles.(利物浦和馬賽有某種相像。)
    句子中的those 代指symptoms.