Text A Why Are Maps Drawn with North at the Top?
本課主要單詞
1.feature n. 特征,特色;面貌,相貌 vi. 是…的特色,以…為特色 vi. 重要作用;作為主要角色
1)The most important feature of our work is parental involvement.(我們工作的重要特色是父母參與。)
2)The island's chief feature is its beauty.(這個(gè)島的主要特色是風(fēng)景秀麗。)
3)He is very familiar with the geographical features of this district. (他對(duì)這一地區(qū)的地理特征很熟悉。)
4)The boy was slightly taller than his father, with fine features.(那個(gè)男孩比他父親稍高,長(zhǎng)得眉清目秀。)
5)Round-the-clock service features this store.(日夜服務(wù)是這家商店的特色。)
6)The new type of car features high speed, small size and low cost.(這種新型汽車以高速、小型和低費(fèi)用為特色。)
7)Sea food features largely in the diet of these people.(海產(chǎn)在這些人的食物中占重要地位。)
8)He is featuring in a new movie.(他正在一部新片中擔(dān)任主角。)
2.rough adj. 粗糙的;粗暴的;大致的
roughly adv. 粗糙地;大體上,大約
1)They journeyed for days over rough roads. (他們?cè)谄閸绲牡缆飞下眯辛藬?shù)日。)
2)His rough manners annoyed everybody.(他粗魯無禮的態(tài)度惱了每一個(gè)人。)
3)They lived a rough life in the mountain village.(他們?cè)谏酱謇镞^著簡(jiǎn)陋的生活。)
4)They had a rough crossing of the English Channel.(他們?cè)诳耧L(fēng)大浪中越過英吉利海峽。)
5)We should help them out of the rough situation.(我們應(yīng)該幫助他們走出困境。)
6)The young man closed the door roughly.(那個(gè)年輕人粗暴地把門關(guān)上了。)
7)Roughly speaking, this year's profit increased by 15 percent.(粗略地說,今年的利潤(rùn)增加了15%.)
3.sketch n. 草圖;梗概;素描 v. 繪(…的)略圖;簡(jiǎn)述
1)He drew a rough sketch showing the position of the entrance.(他粗略地畫了張草圖,說明入口處的位置。)
2)They only gave us a sketch of the whole event.(他們只向我們簡(jiǎn)略地介紹了整個(gè)事件。)
3)The first part is a brief sketch of the school's early history.(第一部分是該校早期歷史的概述。)
4)He sketched a boy's head on the sketchpad.(他在速寫簿上畫出了男孩頭像素描。)
5)Mr. Smith sketched excuses to his guest and left the room hurriedly.(史密斯先生向客人草草致歉然后匆忙離開房間。)
4.Localize v. 使局部化;使具地方性;集中
1)It is unlikely to localize this disease.(把這種疾病控制在局部地區(qū)是不可能的。)
2)They failed to localize the effect of the disturbance.(他們沒能使*的影響局部化。)
3)Anger localized on the new policy.(民憤集中在這項(xiàng)新政策上。)
請(qǐng)注意localize是由形容詞local加動(dòng)詞后綴-ize構(gòu)成的。英語中,這樣詞很多。比如:modernize(現(xiàn)代化),civilize(使文明化),socialize(社會(huì)化),publicize(公開化)等等。
5.footing n. 立足處;穩(wěn)固的地位,基礎(chǔ)
1)It is difficult to get a footing on the steep roof.(要在那很陡的屋頂上找到立腳處很困難。)
2)He lost his footing and fell into the ditch.(他一失足摔進(jìn)了溝里。)
3)The water was so deep that she couldn't gain her footing.(河水太深,她立不住足。)
4)They are on a friendly footing with their neighbors.(他們同鄰居們和睦相處。)
5)In today's China, women and men are on equal footing.(在今天的中國(guó),男女平等。)
6.Forefront n. 前線,主要的位置
1)The company was brought to the forefront of public attention.(那家公司成為公眾注意的重點(diǎn)。)
2)He brought the country to the forefront of world politics.(他把那個(gè)國(guó)家推向了世界政治的前沿。)
請(qǐng)注意fore-是一個(gè)前綴,意思是在前面;預(yù)先。如:forearm(前臂),forehead(前額),foresee(預(yù)知),foretell(預(yù)言),forecast(預(yù)報(bào))等等。
7.Attempt v. 企圖、試圖 n. 企圖、試圖
1)I didn't attempt the last question in the exam.(我沒有試圖去做試卷的后一題。)
2)He attempted to keep his parents in the dark about what had happened.(他試圖使父母對(duì)所發(fā)生的事一無所知。)
3)George had succeeded on his fourth attempt.(喬治要游過湖有困難,但他在第四次嘗試時(shí)終獲成功。)
4)He made no attempt to solve the problem.(他沒有試圖解決問題。)
8.Flatten v. 把……弄平;變平
1)He flattened the paper cups.(他把紙杯壓平了。)
2)The hurricane flattened the forest.(颶風(fēng)夷平了森林。)
3)Her questions completely flattened me.(他的問題把我完全擊垮了。)
請(qǐng)注意flatten是由形容詞flat加動(dòng)詞后綴-en構(gòu)成的。-en是英語中十分常用的動(dòng)詞后綴,可以用在形容詞后面也可以用在名詞后面。如:broaden(加寬),weaken(削弱),sharpen(使鋒利),frighten(使……害怕),lengthen(加長(zhǎng)),heighten(加高)等等。
9.reference n. 提及;參考;證明書(或人),推薦信(或人)
1)There is on further reference to him in her diary.(她在日記中沒有進(jìn)一步提到他。)
2)Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference.(把這本詞典放在你書桌上,以備隨時(shí)查閱。)
3)My professor gave me a good reference.(我的教授給我寫了一封德才兼優(yōu)的推薦信。)
請(qǐng)注意reference是由動(dòng)詞refer加名詞后綴-ence構(gòu)成的。-ence也是常見的名詞后綴,如:difference(區(qū)別),conference(會(huì)議),preference(偏愛),transference(轉(zhuǎn)移)等等。
10.calculate v. 計(jì)算;估計(jì);認(rèn)為;想要
calculation n. 計(jì)算;估計(jì)
1)I calculated that we would arrive at 6.(我估計(jì)我們六點(diǎn)鐘到。)
2)The number of votes will be calculated in the late afternoon.(選票將在傍晚時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)。)
3)You have to calculate the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.(在作出決定前你得估量事情的利弊。)
4)She calculates to go next month.(她想下個(gè)月去。)
5)He made an error in his calculation.(他在計(jì)算中出了差錯(cuò)。)
6)By his calculation, we will be there in an hour.(據(jù)他估計(jì),我們一小時(shí)后到那兒。)
11.unaware adj. 未認(rèn)識(shí)到的,不知道的
我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過aware這個(gè)詞的用法,unaware是aware的反義詞,用法與aware差不多。
1)She seemed unaware of what was happening around her.(她似乎沒有意識(shí)到周圍正在發(fā)生的一切。)
2)I was unaware that I had hurt him.(我沒有意識(shí)到我傷害了他。)
3)He was unaware of the serious consequence.(他沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到后果的嚴(yán)重性。)
12.orientate=orient v. 使適應(yīng);給……定向
orientation n. 定向;方位;熟悉;情況介紹
1)You should produce things orientated to people's needs.(你應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)適應(yīng)人們需要的東西。)
2)He oriented himself by finding a familiar landscape.(他找了一處熟悉的景色來確定自己所處的方位。)
3)The discussion helped me orient myself to the new language.(討論幫助我適應(yīng)新的語言。)
4)It took him a long time to orient himself.(他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間熟悉環(huán)境。)
5)The winding trail caused them to lose their orientation.(彎彎曲曲的小徑使他們迷失方向。)
6)College freshmen receive two days of orientation.(大學(xué)新生用兩天時(shí)間聽取學(xué)校情況介紹。)
oriented adj. 以……為目的的;重視……的
export-oriented industries(外向型工業(yè))
an education-oriented family(一個(gè)重視教育的家庭)
test-oriented teaching and learning(以應(yīng)試為目的的教學(xué))
13.Immovable adj. 不可移動(dòng)的;堅(jiān)定不移的
這個(gè)詞的詞根是move,-able是形容詞后綴;im-是反義詞前綴,通常在m,p開首的單詞前。如:impassable(無法通過的),importable(可進(jìn)口的),immedicable(無法醫(yī)治的)等等。
1)Father was immovable in his opinions.(父親的意志堅(jiān)定不移。)
2)He didn't expect that he would face an immovable audience.(他沒料到他將面對(duì)一群不動(dòng)情的觀眾。)
3)What are you going to do with this immovable pillar?(這根移動(dòng)不了的柱子你打算怎么處理?)
14.arrangement n. 安排;布置;整齊
arrange v. 安排;布置
1)Have you made all the arrangements for the conference?(你為會(huì)議做好所有安排了嗎?)
2)He wants to make sure that everything is in neat arrangement.(他想確保一切都整整齊齊。)
3)She didn't want to after the arrangement of furniture in the room.(她不想改變房間里家俱的位置。)
4)I will make arrangements for a car to meet you at the airport.(我將安排一輛汽車去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你。)
5)The librarian is arranging the books on the shelf.(圖書管理員正在整理架子上的圖書。)
6)Don't worry, I will arrange the dinner for you.(別急,我為你們安排晚餐。)
7)They have arranged for us to visit the Confucius Temple tomorrow.(他們已安排我們明天游夫子廟。)
8)I have arranged for the goods to be delivered to your door.(我已為你安排好送貨上門。)
15.Interfere v. 干涉;妨礙,干擾
1)We have no rights to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.(我們無權(quán)干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政。)
2)Don't interfere in other people’s business.(不要干預(yù)他人的事情。)
3)Misty weather interfered with the contact.(霧天妨礙了聯(lián)絡(luò)。)
4)He has done nothing that directly interfered with the actions of the others.(他沒做任何直接妨礙他人行動(dòng)的事。)
16.accordance n. 一致;符合
1)Education is carried out in accordance with the government's policy.(教育在依據(jù)政府的政策實(shí)施。)
2)In accordance with your request I am sending her the letter express.(根據(jù)你的要求,我準(zhǔn)備給她發(fā)特快信。)
3)I am in accordance with him in this matter.(在這件事上,我同他是一致的。)
17.reliance n. 信賴;依靠
rely v. 依賴;相信
1)She placed complete reliance on her husband's judgment.(她完全相信她丈夫的判斷。)
2)Self-reliance is necessary if you want to achieve anything.(如果你想有所成就,自力更生是很必要的。)
3)He is a man to be relied on.(他是一個(gè)可以信賴的人。)
4)You can always rely on him, he won't fail you.(你可以永遠(yuǎn)信任他,他不會(huì)讓你失望的。)
5)We can rely on our children to do such work.(這樣的工作我們可以放心地讓孩子們?nèi)プ?。?BR>
本課主要單詞
1.feature n. 特征,特色;面貌,相貌 vi. 是…的特色,以…為特色 vi. 重要作用;作為主要角色
1)The most important feature of our work is parental involvement.(我們工作的重要特色是父母參與。)
2)The island's chief feature is its beauty.(這個(gè)島的主要特色是風(fēng)景秀麗。)
3)He is very familiar with the geographical features of this district. (他對(duì)這一地區(qū)的地理特征很熟悉。)
4)The boy was slightly taller than his father, with fine features.(那個(gè)男孩比他父親稍高,長(zhǎng)得眉清目秀。)
5)Round-the-clock service features this store.(日夜服務(wù)是這家商店的特色。)
6)The new type of car features high speed, small size and low cost.(這種新型汽車以高速、小型和低費(fèi)用為特色。)
7)Sea food features largely in the diet of these people.(海產(chǎn)在這些人的食物中占重要地位。)
8)He is featuring in a new movie.(他正在一部新片中擔(dān)任主角。)
2.rough adj. 粗糙的;粗暴的;大致的
roughly adv. 粗糙地;大體上,大約
1)They journeyed for days over rough roads. (他們?cè)谄閸绲牡缆飞下眯辛藬?shù)日。)
2)His rough manners annoyed everybody.(他粗魯無禮的態(tài)度惱了每一個(gè)人。)
3)They lived a rough life in the mountain village.(他們?cè)谏酱謇镞^著簡(jiǎn)陋的生活。)
4)They had a rough crossing of the English Channel.(他們?cè)诳耧L(fēng)大浪中越過英吉利海峽。)
5)We should help them out of the rough situation.(我們應(yīng)該幫助他們走出困境。)
6)The young man closed the door roughly.(那個(gè)年輕人粗暴地把門關(guān)上了。)
7)Roughly speaking, this year's profit increased by 15 percent.(粗略地說,今年的利潤(rùn)增加了15%.)
3.sketch n. 草圖;梗概;素描 v. 繪(…的)略圖;簡(jiǎn)述
1)He drew a rough sketch showing the position of the entrance.(他粗略地畫了張草圖,說明入口處的位置。)
2)They only gave us a sketch of the whole event.(他們只向我們簡(jiǎn)略地介紹了整個(gè)事件。)
3)The first part is a brief sketch of the school's early history.(第一部分是該校早期歷史的概述。)
4)He sketched a boy's head on the sketchpad.(他在速寫簿上畫出了男孩頭像素描。)
5)Mr. Smith sketched excuses to his guest and left the room hurriedly.(史密斯先生向客人草草致歉然后匆忙離開房間。)
4.Localize v. 使局部化;使具地方性;集中
1)It is unlikely to localize this disease.(把這種疾病控制在局部地區(qū)是不可能的。)
2)They failed to localize the effect of the disturbance.(他們沒能使*的影響局部化。)
3)Anger localized on the new policy.(民憤集中在這項(xiàng)新政策上。)
請(qǐng)注意localize是由形容詞local加動(dòng)詞后綴-ize構(gòu)成的。英語中,這樣詞很多。比如:modernize(現(xiàn)代化),civilize(使文明化),socialize(社會(huì)化),publicize(公開化)等等。
5.footing n. 立足處;穩(wěn)固的地位,基礎(chǔ)
1)It is difficult to get a footing on the steep roof.(要在那很陡的屋頂上找到立腳處很困難。)
2)He lost his footing and fell into the ditch.(他一失足摔進(jìn)了溝里。)
3)The water was so deep that she couldn't gain her footing.(河水太深,她立不住足。)
4)They are on a friendly footing with their neighbors.(他們同鄰居們和睦相處。)
5)In today's China, women and men are on equal footing.(在今天的中國(guó),男女平等。)
6.Forefront n. 前線,主要的位置
1)The company was brought to the forefront of public attention.(那家公司成為公眾注意的重點(diǎn)。)
2)He brought the country to the forefront of world politics.(他把那個(gè)國(guó)家推向了世界政治的前沿。)
請(qǐng)注意fore-是一個(gè)前綴,意思是在前面;預(yù)先。如:forearm(前臂),forehead(前額),foresee(預(yù)知),foretell(預(yù)言),forecast(預(yù)報(bào))等等。
7.Attempt v. 企圖、試圖 n. 企圖、試圖
1)I didn't attempt the last question in the exam.(我沒有試圖去做試卷的后一題。)
2)He attempted to keep his parents in the dark about what had happened.(他試圖使父母對(duì)所發(fā)生的事一無所知。)
3)George had succeeded on his fourth attempt.(喬治要游過湖有困難,但他在第四次嘗試時(shí)終獲成功。)
4)He made no attempt to solve the problem.(他沒有試圖解決問題。)
8.Flatten v. 把……弄平;變平
1)He flattened the paper cups.(他把紙杯壓平了。)
2)The hurricane flattened the forest.(颶風(fēng)夷平了森林。)
3)Her questions completely flattened me.(他的問題把我完全擊垮了。)
請(qǐng)注意flatten是由形容詞flat加動(dòng)詞后綴-en構(gòu)成的。-en是英語中十分常用的動(dòng)詞后綴,可以用在形容詞后面也可以用在名詞后面。如:broaden(加寬),weaken(削弱),sharpen(使鋒利),frighten(使……害怕),lengthen(加長(zhǎng)),heighten(加高)等等。
9.reference n. 提及;參考;證明書(或人),推薦信(或人)
1)There is on further reference to him in her diary.(她在日記中沒有進(jìn)一步提到他。)
2)Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference.(把這本詞典放在你書桌上,以備隨時(shí)查閱。)
3)My professor gave me a good reference.(我的教授給我寫了一封德才兼優(yōu)的推薦信。)
請(qǐng)注意reference是由動(dòng)詞refer加名詞后綴-ence構(gòu)成的。-ence也是常見的名詞后綴,如:difference(區(qū)別),conference(會(huì)議),preference(偏愛),transference(轉(zhuǎn)移)等等。
10.calculate v. 計(jì)算;估計(jì);認(rèn)為;想要
calculation n. 計(jì)算;估計(jì)
1)I calculated that we would arrive at 6.(我估計(jì)我們六點(diǎn)鐘到。)
2)The number of votes will be calculated in the late afternoon.(選票將在傍晚時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)。)
3)You have to calculate the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.(在作出決定前你得估量事情的利弊。)
4)She calculates to go next month.(她想下個(gè)月去。)
5)He made an error in his calculation.(他在計(jì)算中出了差錯(cuò)。)
6)By his calculation, we will be there in an hour.(據(jù)他估計(jì),我們一小時(shí)后到那兒。)
11.unaware adj. 未認(rèn)識(shí)到的,不知道的
我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過aware這個(gè)詞的用法,unaware是aware的反義詞,用法與aware差不多。
1)She seemed unaware of what was happening around her.(她似乎沒有意識(shí)到周圍正在發(fā)生的一切。)
2)I was unaware that I had hurt him.(我沒有意識(shí)到我傷害了他。)
3)He was unaware of the serious consequence.(他沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到后果的嚴(yán)重性。)
12.orientate=orient v. 使適應(yīng);給……定向
orientation n. 定向;方位;熟悉;情況介紹
1)You should produce things orientated to people's needs.(你應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)適應(yīng)人們需要的東西。)
2)He oriented himself by finding a familiar landscape.(他找了一處熟悉的景色來確定自己所處的方位。)
3)The discussion helped me orient myself to the new language.(討論幫助我適應(yīng)新的語言。)
4)It took him a long time to orient himself.(他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間熟悉環(huán)境。)
5)The winding trail caused them to lose their orientation.(彎彎曲曲的小徑使他們迷失方向。)
6)College freshmen receive two days of orientation.(大學(xué)新生用兩天時(shí)間聽取學(xué)校情況介紹。)
oriented adj. 以……為目的的;重視……的
export-oriented industries(外向型工業(yè))
an education-oriented family(一個(gè)重視教育的家庭)
test-oriented teaching and learning(以應(yīng)試為目的的教學(xué))
13.Immovable adj. 不可移動(dòng)的;堅(jiān)定不移的
這個(gè)詞的詞根是move,-able是形容詞后綴;im-是反義詞前綴,通常在m,p開首的單詞前。如:impassable(無法通過的),importable(可進(jìn)口的),immedicable(無法醫(yī)治的)等等。
1)Father was immovable in his opinions.(父親的意志堅(jiān)定不移。)
2)He didn't expect that he would face an immovable audience.(他沒料到他將面對(duì)一群不動(dòng)情的觀眾。)
3)What are you going to do with this immovable pillar?(這根移動(dòng)不了的柱子你打算怎么處理?)
14.arrangement n. 安排;布置;整齊
arrange v. 安排;布置
1)Have you made all the arrangements for the conference?(你為會(huì)議做好所有安排了嗎?)
2)He wants to make sure that everything is in neat arrangement.(他想確保一切都整整齊齊。)
3)She didn't want to after the arrangement of furniture in the room.(她不想改變房間里家俱的位置。)
4)I will make arrangements for a car to meet you at the airport.(我將安排一輛汽車去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你。)
5)The librarian is arranging the books on the shelf.(圖書管理員正在整理架子上的圖書。)
6)Don't worry, I will arrange the dinner for you.(別急,我為你們安排晚餐。)
7)They have arranged for us to visit the Confucius Temple tomorrow.(他們已安排我們明天游夫子廟。)
8)I have arranged for the goods to be delivered to your door.(我已為你安排好送貨上門。)
15.Interfere v. 干涉;妨礙,干擾
1)We have no rights to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.(我們無權(quán)干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政。)
2)Don't interfere in other people’s business.(不要干預(yù)他人的事情。)
3)Misty weather interfered with the contact.(霧天妨礙了聯(lián)絡(luò)。)
4)He has done nothing that directly interfered with the actions of the others.(他沒做任何直接妨礙他人行動(dòng)的事。)
16.accordance n. 一致;符合
1)Education is carried out in accordance with the government's policy.(教育在依據(jù)政府的政策實(shí)施。)
2)In accordance with your request I am sending her the letter express.(根據(jù)你的要求,我準(zhǔn)備給她發(fā)特快信。)
3)I am in accordance with him in this matter.(在這件事上,我同他是一致的。)
17.reliance n. 信賴;依靠
rely v. 依賴;相信
1)She placed complete reliance on her husband's judgment.(她完全相信她丈夫的判斷。)
2)Self-reliance is necessary if you want to achieve anything.(如果你想有所成就,自力更生是很必要的。)
3)He is a man to be relied on.(他是一個(gè)可以信賴的人。)
4)You can always rely on him, he won't fail you.(你可以永遠(yuǎn)信任他,他不會(huì)讓你失望的。)
5)We can rely on our children to do such work.(這樣的工作我們可以放心地讓孩子們?nèi)プ?。?BR>