7. The reason for this was that he decided to orientate the map in the direction of the pole star since Polaris was the immovable guiding light in which the voyagers of the era placed their trust.
本句中，that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：
主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句也可用where， why， how引導(dǎo)。如：
1）The reason for his absence was that he was ill.（他缺席的原因是他病了。）
2）That was why I hated it.（這就是我不喜歡這個(gè)的原因。）
3）That is how he cheated people.（他就是用這種方式騙人的。）
Which所引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾guiding light限定性定語(yǔ)從句如果修飾“物”，關(guān)系代詞that和which都可用，但在介詞的后面只能用which，在口語(yǔ)中一般把介詞放到從句后部去，這時(shí)則可以用that.如：
1）This is the question about which we had a discussion last night.（這就是我們昨晚討論的問(wèn)題。）
This is the question that we. Had a discussion about last night.
2）This is the fact on which we base our opinion.（我們的觀點(diǎn)就是建立在這個(gè)事實(shí)之上的。）
This is the fact that we base our opinion on.
Trust在句中做名詞用，place （put） trust in sb/sth 信任某人（某事）。
1）I don't have any trust in him.（我對(duì)他一點(diǎn)也不信任。）
2）Have some trust in the future everything will be OK.（對(duì)未來(lái)有點(diǎn)信心吧，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)。）
3）The old lady placed great trust in her grandson.（那位老太太對(duì)她孫子非常信任。）
8. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages， when the church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science.
本句中when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)由逗號(hào)把前面句子隔開(kāi)的句子，其意思相當(dāng)于at the time.如：
1）The party has been put off until next week， when we can get better prepared.（晚會(huì)被推遲到下周，那時(shí)我們能準(zhǔn)備得更好些。）
2）We will wait have until 6， when the manager can spare us a few minutes.（我們?cè)谶@兒等到6點(diǎn)，那時(shí)經(jīng)理就能給我們幾分鐘了。）
Interfere with意思是“妨礙”，如：
1）Bad dietary habits often interfere with health.（不良的飲食習(xí)慣常常妨礙健康。）
2）The interests of the two countries do not interfere with each other.（這兩國(guó)相互間沒(méi)有利害沖突。）
9. Once again， north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps.
在第十五單元的Text B中，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)assume這個(gè)詞
It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones.（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們認(rèn)定好斗是由男性荷爾蒙引起的。）
在本句中assume的意思是acquire（獲得，取得）
請(qǐng)注意下列例句中assume的意思：
1）I assume the misunderstanding will be cleared up.（我認(rèn)定這誤會(huì)會(huì)消除。）
2）He assumed the report to be unreliable.（他猜那報(bào)告不可靠。）
3）Farmers will have a good harvest ， assuming that the weather is favorable.（假如風(fēng)調(diào)雨順，農(nóng)民將會(huì)有好收成。）
4）Who will assume the costs of running a school？ （誰(shuí)來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)開(kāi)設(shè)一所學(xué)校的費(fèi)用？）
5）He assumed a leading position last May.（去年五月，他擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)。）
6）Hitler assumed power in 1933.（*于1933年奪得政權(quán)。）
7）He assumed full control of the company.（他完全控制了這家公司。）
本課主要詞組
1. in the sense of 2. more than
3. be based on 4. rather than
5. attempt to do sth 6. in the form of
7. in search of 8. at the top
9. in the direction of 10. place trust in
11. interfere with 12. in accordance with
13. from…point of view 14. reliance on
Text B You Have a Choice
短語(yǔ)表達(dá)
1. side by side
They are sitting side by side.
We walked side by side along the river.
2. be seated
Please be seated， I will fix you a cup of coffee.
The hostess was seated with the guests when I hurried in.
3. ahead of
The boy is running ahead of his classmates.
I believe we can finish the work ahead of time.
4. be certain of
I cannot be certain of the time of their arrival.
Can you be certain of the truth of his utterance？
5. bring about
The new policy is sure to bring about a lot of changes.
What Father said has brought about a profound change in his personality.
6. account for
This excuse cannot account for your absence.
Her explanation doesn't account for the failure.
7. regardless of
All of you will be given a chance regardless of your age and sex.
Regardless of which method you choose， the result will be the same.
8. make a difference
Whether he comes or not will not make any difference.
I hope my participation will make a difference.
9. lead to
Excessive smoking may lead to lung cancer.
The misunderstanding led to a bad quarrel.
10. pull out of
The train pulled out of the station at 10：00.
When do you think the car will pull out of the garage？
11. for sure
I don't know for sure who will be in charge of this department.
He couldn't tell for sure what was in the distance.
12. apply to
It is hard to apply the rule to real work.
It is necessary that the theory be applied to practice.
13. deal with
He is hard to deal with.
I have no idea how to deal with this situation.
本句中，that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：
主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句也可用where， why， how引導(dǎo)。如：
1）The reason for his absence was that he was ill.（他缺席的原因是他病了。）
2）That was why I hated it.（這就是我不喜歡這個(gè)的原因。）
3）That is how he cheated people.（他就是用這種方式騙人的。）
Which所引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾guiding light限定性定語(yǔ)從句如果修飾“物”，關(guān)系代詞that和which都可用，但在介詞的后面只能用which，在口語(yǔ)中一般把介詞放到從句后部去，這時(shí)則可以用that.如：
1）This is the question about which we had a discussion last night.（這就是我們昨晚討論的問(wèn)題。）
This is the question that we. Had a discussion about last night.
2）This is the fact on which we base our opinion.（我們的觀點(diǎn)就是建立在這個(gè)事實(shí)之上的。）
This is the fact that we base our opinion on.
Trust在句中做名詞用，place （put） trust in sb/sth 信任某人（某事）。
1）I don't have any trust in him.（我對(duì)他一點(diǎn)也不信任。）
2）Have some trust in the future everything will be OK.（對(duì)未來(lái)有點(diǎn)信心吧，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)。）
3）The old lady placed great trust in her grandson.（那位老太太對(duì)她孫子非常信任。）
8. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages， when the church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science.
本句中when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)由逗號(hào)把前面句子隔開(kāi)的句子，其意思相當(dāng)于at the time.如：
1）The party has been put off until next week， when we can get better prepared.（晚會(huì)被推遲到下周，那時(shí)我們能準(zhǔn)備得更好些。）
2）We will wait have until 6， when the manager can spare us a few minutes.（我們?cè)谶@兒等到6點(diǎn)，那時(shí)經(jīng)理就能給我們幾分鐘了。）
Interfere with意思是“妨礙”，如：
1）Bad dietary habits often interfere with health.（不良的飲食習(xí)慣常常妨礙健康。）
2）The interests of the two countries do not interfere with each other.（這兩國(guó)相互間沒(méi)有利害沖突。）
9. Once again， north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps.
在第十五單元的Text B中，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)assume這個(gè)詞
It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones.（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們認(rèn)定好斗是由男性荷爾蒙引起的。）
在本句中assume的意思是acquire（獲得，取得）
請(qǐng)注意下列例句中assume的意思：
1）I assume the misunderstanding will be cleared up.（我認(rèn)定這誤會(huì)會(huì)消除。）
2）He assumed the report to be unreliable.（他猜那報(bào)告不可靠。）
3）Farmers will have a good harvest ， assuming that the weather is favorable.（假如風(fēng)調(diào)雨順，農(nóng)民將會(huì)有好收成。）
4）Who will assume the costs of running a school？ （誰(shuí)來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)開(kāi)設(shè)一所學(xué)校的費(fèi)用？）
5）He assumed a leading position last May.（去年五月，他擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)。）
6）Hitler assumed power in 1933.（*于1933年奪得政權(quán)。）
7）He assumed full control of the company.（他完全控制了這家公司。）
本課主要詞組
1. in the sense of 2. more than
3. be based on 4. rather than
5. attempt to do sth 6. in the form of
7. in search of 8. at the top
9. in the direction of 10. place trust in
11. interfere with 12. in accordance with
13. from…point of view 14. reliance on
Text B You Have a Choice
短語(yǔ)表達(dá)
1. side by side
They are sitting side by side.
We walked side by side along the river.
2. be seated
Please be seated， I will fix you a cup of coffee.
The hostess was seated with the guests when I hurried in.
3. ahead of
The boy is running ahead of his classmates.
I believe we can finish the work ahead of time.
4. be certain of
I cannot be certain of the time of their arrival.
Can you be certain of the truth of his utterance？
5. bring about
The new policy is sure to bring about a lot of changes.
What Father said has brought about a profound change in his personality.
6. account for
This excuse cannot account for your absence.
Her explanation doesn't account for the failure.
7. regardless of
All of you will be given a chance regardless of your age and sex.
Regardless of which method you choose， the result will be the same.
8. make a difference
Whether he comes or not will not make any difference.
I hope my participation will make a difference.
9. lead to
Excessive smoking may lead to lung cancer.
The misunderstanding led to a bad quarrel.
10. pull out of
The train pulled out of the station at 10：00.
When do you think the car will pull out of the garage？
11. for sure
I don't know for sure who will be in charge of this department.
He couldn't tell for sure what was in the distance.
12. apply to
It is hard to apply the rule to real work.
It is necessary that the theory be applied to practice.
13. deal with
He is hard to deal with.
I have no idea how to deal with this situation.