15. intense adj. 強烈的,緊張的;熱烈的
1) Because of the intense heat, I slept very little last night. (由于天氣酷熱,我昨夜沒怎么睡。)
2) The intense light dazzled my eyes. (強光使我目眩。)
3) He has intense interest in computer. (他對計算機有極大的興趣。)
4) Diplomatic activity has been intense recently. (近來外交活動緊張頻繁。)
16. brief adj. 簡短的,簡潔的 v. 作簡要的介紹,匯報
1) He will go to England for a brief visit. (他將去英國進(jìn)行短期訪問。)
2) She only made a brief statement at the meeting. (她在會上只作了簡短的陳述。)
3) They briefed the press about the recent happenings. (他們向報界通報近發(fā)生的事情。)
4) They had been well briefed about the political situation. (對政治形勢他們已被簡要告知。)
17. volume n. 卷冊,書卷;體積;音量
1) The community has a library of 12,000 volumes. (這個社區(qū)有一個藏書12,000的圖書館。)
2) The passenger volume this May was not as big last May. (今天五月的客流量沒有去年的大。)
3) Turn down the volume please. The baby is sleeping. (寶寶在睡覺,請把音量調(diào)低。)
本課簡介
談到人與人之間的交流方式,人們會很自然地想到語言(口頭語言或書面語言),而另一種人們在無意識之中常常運用的交流方式(非語言交際或稱肢體語言)也正受到越來越多的關(guān)注和研究。
一般的歐洲人會對自己所贊同的東西以微笑和點頭的方式表示贊許,對自己所不贊同的東西則皺眉和搖頭。不用說一句話,人們就可以此來表明自己的態(tài)度。肢體語言與文化是密切相關(guān)的,比如中國人的微笑不一定表示贊許,倒可能是出于不安。
肢體語言可被分為五類:1)身體姿勢和臉部表情 2)目光交流 3)肢體距離 4)服裝和外貌 5)語言特性。關(guān)于第三點,不同的文化有不同的反映。在某些文化中,人們在交談時緊挨在一起是很自然的事,而在其他中,如美國,這樣做則是不甚妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?BR> 有些信號對所有的人來說都很熟悉。比如一個正跟你交談的人不停地擺弄鉛筆或眼鏡,這就表明他很緊張。一個用手捂著嘴巴講話的人則缺少自信。如果你坐在椅子里扭動身體,悄悄看手表,用手掩著嘴巴打哈欠,這就表明你感到倦了。
某些信號可以人為地控制,但眼神不易控制。如果不是想表達(dá)心中摯愛,請別長時間地盯著別人的眼睛看,那樣會令人尷尬。
本課語言點
1. That isn't a catch question.
catch多用作動詞,意思是“抓??;趕上;感染到;著(火);領(lǐng)會”。如:
1) The thief was caught by the police on the scene. (小偷被警察當(dāng)場抓住。)
2) He didn't catch the last train. (他沒趕上末班火車。)
3) He caught a bad cold last week. (他上周得了重傷風(fēng)。)
1)The building caught fire and many people were trapped in it. (大樓著了火,許多人被困在里面。)
2)Sorry, I didn't quite catch you. (對不起,我沒聽清你的話。)
在本課文的這個句子中,catch用作名詞,意思是a hidden problem,difficulty,or obstacle in sth. (難人的問題,詭計)。如:
1)There is a catch in it. (這里面有蹊蹺。)
2)Don't worry. There are no catch questions in the paper. (別擔(dān)心,試卷里沒有怪題。)
3)He was taken surprise by the catch question. (那個怪題使他詫異。)
2. It would almost certainly refer to means of communication that involve the use of words.
在第四單元中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過refer to (提到,涉及)這個短語。再請看幾個例句。
1)In his speech he referred to the difficulties they had overcome. (在發(fā)言中,他提到了他們所克服的困難。)
2)What he said at the meeting doesn't refer to you. (他在會上所說的不是指你。)
在第二單元和第二十二單元中,我們已學(xué)過動詞involve和名詞involvement,再請看下面的例句,
注意involve在本課文中的意思和用法。
1)If I were you, I wouldn't get myself involved in this problem. (如果我是你,我不會讓自己卷進(jìn)這個問題中。)
2)She didn't want to be involved in trouble. (她不想卷入糾紛。)
以上兩例句中,involve都是“卷入,陷入,牽涉”的意思。
3)To accept the job would involve my living in London. (若接受這份工作,我必須得住在倫敦。)
4)Building this road will involve the construction of some tunnels. (造這條路包括建造一些隧洞。)
在例句3)和4)中,involve的意思是“必須包括某種結(jié)果”。在involve后面必須用名詞或者動名詞。
3. NVC for short.
這是一個省略句,補充完整應(yīng)該是Non-verbal communication is called NVC for short.
(非語言交際被簡稱為/縮寫為NVC.)
for short是個常用短語,意思是“簡稱;縮寫”。如:
1)Unidentified flying object is called UFO for short. (不明飛行物被簡稱為UFO)
2)People's Republic of China is ften written as P.R.C. for short. (中華人民共和國常被縮寫為P.R.C.)
4. …the average European will smile and nod approval.
在第三單元中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過average這個詞。average可以做形容詞、名詞和動詞用。如:
1)The average driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.
(司機一般都認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在其他人身人。)
2) We averaged 70 miles an hour. (我們平均每小時行70公里。)
3)His performance is above the average. (他的成績在一般水平之上。)
在本課文的這個句子中,average做形容詞用,意思是“普通的”。
nod可以用作及物動詞、不及物動詞和名詞。如:
1)They nodded agreement. (他們點頭表示同意。)
2)He nodded me a welcome when I went in. (我進(jìn)去時,他向我點頭表示歡迎。)
3)I nodded to him in greeting. (我向他點頭打招呼。)
4)Father nodded in approval when he listened. (父親聽著時點頭表示贊同。)
5)Homer sometimes nods. (智者千慮,必有一失。)
6)He didn't give our plan the nod. (他沒有同意我們的計劃。)
5. …because body language is very much tied to culture…
本句中的be tied to sth.意思是be related to, have to do with (與…有關(guān)),如:
1)Many diseases are tied to smoking. (許多疾病與吸煙有關(guān)。)
2) The misunderstanding was tied to cultural differences. (這個誤會與文化差異有關(guān)。)
be tied to 也可以表示be restricted by (受…約束),如:
1)She was tied to housework and wouldn't be able to come. (她被家務(wù)事束縛,無法前來。)
2)If you have small children, you will be tied to your home. (如果你有小孩子,你就會被束縛在家了。)
6. Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers, who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions.
本句中,which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,修飾NVC;who引導(dǎo)的也是非限定性定語從句,修飾managers;what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,做understand的賓語。
一般說來,用which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,修飾表物的先地詞;用who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句則修飾表人的先行詞;也可用關(guān)系副詞where或when引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句常用逗號與主句分開,而且引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞which,that和關(guān)系副詞where, when不能省略。
1)I want to buy the house, which has a garden. (我想買那座房子,它有一個花園。)
2) The students, who wanted to go out on a picnic, were disappointed when it rained.
(學(xué)生們想出去野餐,天下雨了大家都感到失望。)
3)The football match will be put off till next week, when we can get everything ready.
(足球賽將推遲到下周,那時我們能把一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。)
4)The place, where we stayed, has changed so much. (那個地方我們住過,那兒的變化很大。)
deal with的意思是“對付,打交道”。如:
1)He is not easy to deal with. (他不容易打交道。)
2)I don't know how to deal with this situation. (我不知道如何應(yīng)付這種局面。)
1) Because of the intense heat, I slept very little last night. (由于天氣酷熱,我昨夜沒怎么睡。)
2) The intense light dazzled my eyes. (強光使我目眩。)
3) He has intense interest in computer. (他對計算機有極大的興趣。)
4) Diplomatic activity has been intense recently. (近來外交活動緊張頻繁。)
16. brief adj. 簡短的,簡潔的 v. 作簡要的介紹,匯報
1) He will go to England for a brief visit. (他將去英國進(jìn)行短期訪問。)
2) She only made a brief statement at the meeting. (她在會上只作了簡短的陳述。)
3) They briefed the press about the recent happenings. (他們向報界通報近發(fā)生的事情。)
4) They had been well briefed about the political situation. (對政治形勢他們已被簡要告知。)
17. volume n. 卷冊,書卷;體積;音量
1) The community has a library of 12,000 volumes. (這個社區(qū)有一個藏書12,000的圖書館。)
2) The passenger volume this May was not as big last May. (今天五月的客流量沒有去年的大。)
3) Turn down the volume please. The baby is sleeping. (寶寶在睡覺,請把音量調(diào)低。)
本課簡介
談到人與人之間的交流方式,人們會很自然地想到語言(口頭語言或書面語言),而另一種人們在無意識之中常常運用的交流方式(非語言交際或稱肢體語言)也正受到越來越多的關(guān)注和研究。
一般的歐洲人會對自己所贊同的東西以微笑和點頭的方式表示贊許,對自己所不贊同的東西則皺眉和搖頭。不用說一句話,人們就可以此來表明自己的態(tài)度。肢體語言與文化是密切相關(guān)的,比如中國人的微笑不一定表示贊許,倒可能是出于不安。
肢體語言可被分為五類:1)身體姿勢和臉部表情 2)目光交流 3)肢體距離 4)服裝和外貌 5)語言特性。關(guān)于第三點,不同的文化有不同的反映。在某些文化中,人們在交談時緊挨在一起是很自然的事,而在其他中,如美國,這樣做則是不甚妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?BR> 有些信號對所有的人來說都很熟悉。比如一個正跟你交談的人不停地擺弄鉛筆或眼鏡,這就表明他很緊張。一個用手捂著嘴巴講話的人則缺少自信。如果你坐在椅子里扭動身體,悄悄看手表,用手掩著嘴巴打哈欠,這就表明你感到倦了。
某些信號可以人為地控制,但眼神不易控制。如果不是想表達(dá)心中摯愛,請別長時間地盯著別人的眼睛看,那樣會令人尷尬。
本課語言點
1. That isn't a catch question.
catch多用作動詞,意思是“抓??;趕上;感染到;著(火);領(lǐng)會”。如:
1) The thief was caught by the police on the scene. (小偷被警察當(dāng)場抓住。)
2) He didn't catch the last train. (他沒趕上末班火車。)
3) He caught a bad cold last week. (他上周得了重傷風(fēng)。)
1)The building caught fire and many people were trapped in it. (大樓著了火,許多人被困在里面。)
2)Sorry, I didn't quite catch you. (對不起,我沒聽清你的話。)
在本課文的這個句子中,catch用作名詞,意思是a hidden problem,difficulty,or obstacle in sth. (難人的問題,詭計)。如:
1)There is a catch in it. (這里面有蹊蹺。)
2)Don't worry. There are no catch questions in the paper. (別擔(dān)心,試卷里沒有怪題。)
3)He was taken surprise by the catch question. (那個怪題使他詫異。)
2. It would almost certainly refer to means of communication that involve the use of words.
在第四單元中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過refer to (提到,涉及)這個短語。再請看幾個例句。
1)In his speech he referred to the difficulties they had overcome. (在發(fā)言中,他提到了他們所克服的困難。)
2)What he said at the meeting doesn't refer to you. (他在會上所說的不是指你。)
在第二單元和第二十二單元中,我們已學(xué)過動詞involve和名詞involvement,再請看下面的例句,
注意involve在本課文中的意思和用法。
1)If I were you, I wouldn't get myself involved in this problem. (如果我是你,我不會讓自己卷進(jìn)這個問題中。)
2)She didn't want to be involved in trouble. (她不想卷入糾紛。)
以上兩例句中,involve都是“卷入,陷入,牽涉”的意思。
3)To accept the job would involve my living in London. (若接受這份工作,我必須得住在倫敦。)
4)Building this road will involve the construction of some tunnels. (造這條路包括建造一些隧洞。)
在例句3)和4)中,involve的意思是“必須包括某種結(jié)果”。在involve后面必須用名詞或者動名詞。
3. NVC for short.
這是一個省略句,補充完整應(yīng)該是Non-verbal communication is called NVC for short.
(非語言交際被簡稱為/縮寫為NVC.)
for short是個常用短語,意思是“簡稱;縮寫”。如:
1)Unidentified flying object is called UFO for short. (不明飛行物被簡稱為UFO)
2)People's Republic of China is ften written as P.R.C. for short. (中華人民共和國常被縮寫為P.R.C.)
4. …the average European will smile and nod approval.
在第三單元中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過average這個詞。average可以做形容詞、名詞和動詞用。如:
1)The average driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.
(司機一般都認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在其他人身人。)
2) We averaged 70 miles an hour. (我們平均每小時行70公里。)
3)His performance is above the average. (他的成績在一般水平之上。)
在本課文的這個句子中,average做形容詞用,意思是“普通的”。
nod可以用作及物動詞、不及物動詞和名詞。如:
1)They nodded agreement. (他們點頭表示同意。)
2)He nodded me a welcome when I went in. (我進(jìn)去時,他向我點頭表示歡迎。)
3)I nodded to him in greeting. (我向他點頭打招呼。)
4)Father nodded in approval when he listened. (父親聽著時點頭表示贊同。)
5)Homer sometimes nods. (智者千慮,必有一失。)
6)He didn't give our plan the nod. (他沒有同意我們的計劃。)
5. …because body language is very much tied to culture…
本句中的be tied to sth.意思是be related to, have to do with (與…有關(guān)),如:
1)Many diseases are tied to smoking. (許多疾病與吸煙有關(guān)。)
2) The misunderstanding was tied to cultural differences. (這個誤會與文化差異有關(guān)。)
be tied to 也可以表示be restricted by (受…約束),如:
1)She was tied to housework and wouldn't be able to come. (她被家務(wù)事束縛,無法前來。)
2)If you have small children, you will be tied to your home. (如果你有小孩子,你就會被束縛在家了。)
6. Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers, who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions.
本句中,which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,修飾NVC;who引導(dǎo)的也是非限定性定語從句,修飾managers;what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,做understand的賓語。
一般說來,用which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,修飾表物的先地詞;用who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句則修飾表人的先行詞;也可用關(guān)系副詞where或when引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句常用逗號與主句分開,而且引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞which,that和關(guān)系副詞where, when不能省略。
1)I want to buy the house, which has a garden. (我想買那座房子,它有一個花園。)
2) The students, who wanted to go out on a picnic, were disappointed when it rained.
(學(xué)生們想出去野餐,天下雨了大家都感到失望。)
3)The football match will be put off till next week, when we can get everything ready.
(足球賽將推遲到下周,那時我們能把一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。)
4)The place, where we stayed, has changed so much. (那個地方我們住過,那兒的變化很大。)
deal with的意思是“對付,打交道”。如:
1)He is not easy to deal with. (他不容易打交道。)
2)I don't know how to deal with this situation. (我不知道如何應(yīng)付這種局面。)