自考“英語(一)”筆記(82)

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Text A saving the rainforests for future generations
    本課主要單詞
    1. rainforest n. 熱帶雨林
    這是一個由名詞rain加名詞forest構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞。用rain加名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,英語中還有不少。如:rainbelt (雨帶),rainworm (蚯蚓)等等。
    2. economic adj. 經(jīng)濟(上)的,經(jīng)濟學(xué)的
    economic是economy的形容詞形式,economical也是economy的形容詞形式,請看下面的例句,注意區(qū)別economic和economical.
    1)economic:concerned with economics and with the organization of money industry, and trade of a country, region, or social group
    economic growth (經(jīng)濟增長) economic prosperity (經(jīng)濟繁榮)
    economic decline (經(jīng)濟衰退) economic reform (經(jīng)濟改革)
    economic order (經(jīng)濟秩序) economic depression (經(jīng)濟蕭條)
    economic crisis (經(jīng)濟危機) economic doctrines (經(jīng)濟學(xué)說)
    2)economical:cheap,careful,efficient
    This car is economical to run. (開這輛車費用很省。)
    The child is so economical that he saves all his pocket money. (那個孩子很節(jié)省,他把零花錢都積攢了起來。)
    形容詞economic和economical的副詞形式都是economically.
    This region is unevenly developed economically. (這一地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡。)
    It is necessary that we should learn to live economically. (我們學(xué)會節(jié)儉地生活是必要的。)
    3. deforestation 砍伐森林
    de-是前綴,意思是“除去,分離”。-ation是名詞后綴。用de-做前綴的詞在英文中也是比較常見的,如:defrost (去冰或霜),dehydrate (脫水),detach (分離,解開)等等。
    The deforestation of rainforests will greatly upset ecological systems.
    (熱帶雨林植物的毀滅將對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重影響。)
    The Amazon Basin is quickly becoming deforested. (亞馬遜盆地的植被將被砍伐殆盡。)
    4. consequence n. result, effect (結(jié)果,后果)
    1) The young man would do what he likes regardless of the consequences.
    (那個年輕人將不顧后果去做他喜歡的事。)
    2)They found themselves in a dilemma as a consequence of rapid changes in society.
    (由于社會的飛速發(fā)展他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于進退兩難的境地。)
    3) He is a man of great consequence. (他是一個舉足輕重的人。)
    4) He will have to take the consequences if he doesn't apologize. (如果他不道歉,一切后果將由他承擔(dān)。)
    consequently adv. therefore,so,as a result (所以,因此)
    The rain was heavy and consequently the football match was put off. (雨下得很大,因此足球賽被延期了。)
    5. massive adj. extremely large (大而重的;大規(guī)模的,大量的)
    1) The massive increase in oil prices put the taxi-drivers in a difficult situation.
    (燃油價格的大幅上升使出租車司機們面臨困難。)
    2)He saw massive changes in the village when he went there 20 years later.
    (20年后回到那個村子,他發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒的變化很大。)
    3) A massive young man in police uniform came in. (一個身著警服身材魁梧的年輕人走了進來。)
    6. upset v. mess up;turn over accidentally;(弄亂;打翻);make sb. worried or unhappy (使苦惱)
    adj. be unhappy or disappointed, distressed (心煩意亂的,心情不安的)
    1)He upset a cup of coffee on the carpet. (他把一杯牛奶打翻在地毯上。)
    2)Make sure that he stays where he is. If he comes, he will upset the whole atmosphere.
    (確保他呆在他該呆的地方。如果他來了會把整個氣氛攪亂。)
    3) The news upset him. (那消息使他心煩意亂。)
    4) She was upset about the rumours. (她為那些謠言感到十分煩惱。)
    5)He was upset to learn that his proposal was not discussed at the meeting.
    (他聽說自己的建議沒在會議上被討論而感到沮喪。)
    6) They were upset by the poverty they saw in that area. (他們?yōu)樵谀且坏貐^(qū)看到的貧困現(xiàn)象而苦惱。)
    注意:upset作形容詞用,在句子中做表語時,以及upset作動詞用時,應(yīng)該成/Λp′set / ;upset作形容詞用,在句子中做定語時,應(yīng)讀成 /′Λpset /.
    還應(yīng)注意,upset做動詞用時,其過去式,過去分詞與動詞的原形相同。
    7. ecosystem n. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
    eco是一個詞根,意思是“環(huán)境(的)”,“生態(tài)(的)”;“家庭(的)”,“經(jīng)濟(的)”。如:ecology (生態(tài)學(xué)),ecocide (生態(tài)滅絕),ecoclimate(生態(tài)氣候);economy (經(jīng)濟),economic (經(jīng)濟學(xué)的,經(jīng)濟上的)。
    8. erosion n. 腐蝕,侵害
    erosion是動詞erode的名詞形式。rod,ros是詞根,意思是gnaw (咬)。e-是前綴,相當(dāng)于ex-,意思是out.以rod或ros作詞根的詞,如:corrode(腐蝕;侵蝕), emerge(出現(xiàn)),evaporize (蒸發(fā)),erase (擦去)
    1)They decide to plant more trees to prevent soil erosion. (他們決定種更多的樹以防土壤受侵蝕。)
    2) They protested strongly against erosions of civil rights. (他們強烈*對公民權(quán)的侵害。)
    9. drought n. 干旱季節(jié),旱災(zāi)
    1)The land is in a state of drought. (土地干旱。)
    2)In many parts of China, people are fighting drought. (在中國的許多地區(qū),人們在抗旱。)
    請注意區(qū)別drought和draught.drought也用作名詞,意思是拉,拖,牽引;①被拉的東西,如:That drought was too much for the horse to pull. (那負荷太重了,馬拉不動。)
    ②鮮啤酒,散裝啤酒,如:Give him a glass of draught, please. (請給他一杯散裝啤酒。)③一飲的量;吸入,如:He drank the wine in one draught. (他一口喝干了那酒。)
    10. global adj. 球形的;全球的,世界的;普遍的,總的
    global是名詞globe的形容詞形式,-al是形容詞后綴,常用在名詞后面構(gòu)成形容詞。如regional (局部的,地區(qū)的),emotional (情感的),seasonal (季節(jié)的)。
    1)The earth is a global mass. (地球是一個球形體。)
    2)The global economic growth is on the decline this year. (今年總體經(jīng)濟增長呈下降趨勢。)
    3)A global picture of their progress can be obtained from these marks.
    (從這些分?jǐn)?shù)中你可以得到他們進步的全貌。)
    4)I'll try to give you a global idea of the situation. (我將盡力把形勢的總體情況告訴你。)
    5)He makes friends with people from every corner of the globe. (他與來自世界各地的人們交朋友。)
    11. contribute vt. 貢獻;捐助;投稿  vi. 起作用,有助于;捐獻;投稿
    1)They contributed food and medicine to people in the flooded area. (他們向受淹地區(qū)的人們捐助食物和藥品。)
    2) He didn't contribute any idea to the discussion. (他在討論中沒有提出任何意見。)
    3)She contributes articles to the newspaper weekly. (她每周為那家報紙撰稿。)
    4)The two sisters contributed to their mother's support. (兩姐妹合力贍養(yǎng)母親。)
    5)I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. (我相信你的建議將有助于解決這個問題。)
    6)They are determined to make contributions to public safety. (他們決心為公眾安全作出貢獻。)
    請注意區(qū)別contribute to (doing) sth.和devote to (doing) sth.。這兩個短語都表示“為…貢獻”,但表示“獻身于某一事業(yè)或目標(biāo)”時,要用devote to (doing)sth.。而在contribute后面不接one's life或oneself.如:
    1) She devoted all her life to the welfare of women and children. (她一生致力于婦女和兒童的福利事業(yè)。)
    2) He devoted himself to teaching in the mountain village. (他致力于在那個山村教書。)
    3) Air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases. (空氣污染會引起呼吸道疾病。)
    再注意區(qū)別contribute與distribute.
    contribute:①give money in order to help someone
    ②help to make sth. successful
    ③influence sth.
    distribute:①give out, hand out (分發(fā))
    ②share sth. among the members of a particular group (分布)
    ③supply sth.to sb. (銷售商品于特定的市場;運送貨物給個別顧客)
    1)The teacher distributed the papers to the students. (教師把試卷分發(fā)給學(xué)生。)
    2)Fuel resources are unevenly distributed. (燃料資源分布不勻。)
    3)They distributed their cars throughout the world. (他們的汽車銷往世界各地。)
    12. greenhouse n. 暖房,溫室
    green表示“綠色”,也可作形容詞用表示“缺乏經(jīng)驗的;幼稚的;青春的”等等。下面我們看看與green有關(guān)的一些復(fù)合詞以及表達:
    greenback (美鈔)     greenbelt (綠化地帶) green-carder (綠卡持有者)
    greenroom (劇場里的演員休息室)     a green hand (生手)
    the green years (青春年華)    green-eyed monster (嫉妒)
    greenhouse effect (溫室效應(yīng))     green revolution (綠色革命)
    13. polar adj. 南極的,北極的;兩種相反性質(zhì)的
    -ar是形容詞后綴,如popular(受歡迎的,民眾的),similar (類似的)
    1)Most insects don't live in polar regions. (大多數(shù)昆蟲在兩極地區(qū)不存在。)
    2)They are thinking about how to survive in a polar winter. (他們正在考慮如何在極地冬季生存。)
    3)After reading his report you can see that he holds polar viewpoints.
    (讀完他的報告你就能明白他的觀點正好相反。)
    14. recede vi. ①move further away into distance (遠去)
    ②gradually become less clear (變模糊)
    ③withdraw (撤回)
    1)The plane gradually out of sight. (飛機漸漸遠去看不見了。)
    2)The memory was receding and he couldn't remember anything. (記憶在變得模糊,他什么也想不起來了。)
    3)He receded from his promise. (他背棄了自己的諾言。)
    4)The article receded from the newspaper. (這篇文章從報紙上撤下了。)
    請注意區(qū)別recede和secede.
    secede vi. Withdraw formally from membership in a group, association, organization, etc.; to break off one's connection with others, as in a political or religious group (從宗教、政黨、聯(lián)盟等組織中退出,脫離)
    1) Nine States seceded from the Union government and established their own confederate government.
    (九個州脫離聯(lián)邦政府,成立了自己的邦聯(lián)政府。)
    2) They seceded from the EEC. (他們從歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體中退出。)
    15. pharmaceutical adj. 藥物的,藥學(xué)的 n. 藥品
    請看下面幾個單詞,對記憶和理解pharmaceutical會有幫助。
    pharmacy 藥學(xué)     pharmaceutics 制藥學(xué)
    pharmacology 藥理學(xué)     pharmaceutist 藥劑師
    16. derive v. 由…得到;起源,由…派生
    1)They derive enormous pleasure from reading. (他們從閱讀中得到了極大的樂趣。)
    2)He said he derived no real satisfaction from his work. (他說他從工作中得不到真正的滿足。)
    3)This word is derived from Latin. (這個單詞從拉丁語派生而來。)
    4)Electric power can be derived from the sun-warmed surface waters of the ocean.(電力可以從曬熱的海洋水面獲得。)