自考“英語(一)”筆記(83)

字號:

17. senseless adj. 無知覺的;愚蠢的,無意義的
    1)He fell senseless to the ground. (他昏倒在地。)
    2)It was a senseless thing to do so. (這樣做毫無意義。)
    3)He put forward some senseless proposals at the meeting. (他在會上提出了幾個愚蠢的建議。)
    18. overpopulated adj. 人口過密的
    over-是一個前綴,意思是too much (過度,太過),如:overcrowd (過度,擁擠),overdo (過度烹煮),overeat (吃得過多),overestimate (估計過高)等等。
    popul是個詞根,意思是people (人),如:populous (人口稠密的),depopulation (人口減少),populace (大眾)等等。
    1) The city is noisy, overpopulated, and seriously polluted. (這座城市喧鬧,人口過多而且污染嚴(yán)重。)
    2) Overpopulation has caused many problems.(人口過多已經(jīng)造成了許多問題。)
    19. cancel v. call off, give up (取消),delete (刪除)
    1) The performance will have to be cancelled because of an accident. (由于意外,演出不得不取消。)
    2) The flight was cancelled because of the snow-storm. (航班因暴風(fēng)雪而取消。)
    3) They won't be able to come tonight, I have to cancel the hotel reservations.
    (他們今晚來不了了,我得取消旅館預(yù)定。
    4)Cancel the nasty words from your composition. (把你作文中的那些下流的詞語刪掉。)
    20. owe n. 欠(債等),應(yīng)該向(某人)付出
    1)He owned her 200 dollars. (他欠她200美元。)
    2)He owned the landlady two months' rent. (他欠房東太太兩個月的房租。)
    3)She owned her success to hard work. (她把成功歸因于辛勤工作。)
    4)He owes his life to a kindhearted man. (多虧一位好心人他才活了下來。)
    21. select v. 選擇,挑選,選拔
    1)They select books that are useful to them. (他們挑選那些對他們有用的書。)
    2)You can select friends from your schoolmates. (你可以在同學(xué)中挑選朋友。)
    3)They voted to select a new monitor. (他們投票挑選新班長。)
    22. export v. 輸出,出口   n. 輸出品;輸出,出口
    這個單詞用作動詞時,發(fā)音的重音在后面的第二個音節(jié)上,用作名詞時,重音在第一個音節(jié)上。
    ex-是前綴,表示out,port是詞根,表示carry.
    1)They banned all exports of weapons. (他們禁止武器出口。)
    2)They grow coffee, cotton and bananas for exports. (他們種植咖啡、棉花和香蕉出口。)
    3)One third of exports from industrial nations go to the developing countries.(工業(yè)國家三分之一的出口品進(jìn)入發(fā)展中國家。)
    4)Raw materials are exported at low prices. (原材料的出口價格低廉。)
    本課簡介
    從巴西到印度尼西亞,熱帶雨林被砍伐、被焚燒,也許在2050年之前,它們就會從地球表面消失。新的數(shù)據(jù)表明,僅去年一年,被毀的熱帶雨林面積就大于大不列顛群島和愛爾蘭群島的面積之和。照此下去,后果嚴(yán)重。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將遭嚴(yán)重破壞,土壤流失加劇,洪水泛濫,旱災(zāi)肆虐,全球氣候?qū)⑹苡绊?,珍稀的動、植物也將可能消失。熱帶雨林的焚毀是引起溫室效?yīng)的原因之一。溫室效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致極地的冰層回縮,因而平均氣溫升高,海平面上升。
    熱帶雨林是一個具有無限潛力的醫(yī)藥百寶箱,2000種熱帶雨林植物可能有助于抗癌,在當(dāng)今的藥品市場上,每125種從植物提取的藥品中就有15種來自于熱帶雨林。除了植物,熱帶雨林所獨有的珍稀鳥類和動物也在以每年一種的速度滅絕。
    在如此嚴(yán)峻的事實面前,毀林事件仍舊頻頻發(fā)生。原因何在?熱帶雨林通常位于人口過多的貧窮國家,這些國家的政府無力阻止人們毀壞雨林。政府無錢幫助窮人,所以當(dāng)窮人們以砍伐樹木為生時,他們只能視而不見。另外,對于這些國家來說,珍貴的木材和其他資源是重要的外匯來源,他們急需外匯償還外債、購買國外設(shè)備和其他物品。
    如何解決這一問題?富裕的國家有責(zé)任幫助那些貧窮的國家取消外債、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),并教育貧困國家的人們正確對待雨林,合理科學(xué)地利用雨林。富裕國家也可以減少使用木材產(chǎn)品??傊Wo(hù)雨林已刻不容緩。
    本課主要語言點
    1. Rainforests are being cut and burned from Brazil to Indonesia at such a rate that they could well disappear from the earth's surface before the year 2050.
    “are being cut and burned”是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)。如:
    1) The problem is being discussed now. (這個問題現(xiàn)在正在討論。)
    2)The car is being repaired by Mr. Smith. (那輛車正由史密斯先生修理。)
    “at such a rate that” (以這樣的速度(砍伐、焚燒)以致于…)。我們曾講過程度副詞such和so的區(qū)別。一般來說,such的后面接名詞,而so的后面接形容詞或副詞。如:
    1) He spoke for such a long time that people began to feel bored. (他講了那么長時間,人們開始覺得厭煩了。)
    2) He made such a rapid progress that both his teachers and his parents were happy.
    (他取得了飛快的進(jìn)步,他的老師和父母都覺得高興。)
    3) It was such a fine day that we decided to go for a walk. (天氣這樣好,我們打算去散步。)
    4) The work was so difficult that I couldn't finish it in 2 hours. (這項工作太難,兩小時內(nèi)我完不成。)
    5) She spoke so fast that I could catch her. (她講話太快,我沒聽懂他的意思。)
    “they could well disappear” 他們很可能消失。well在本句中的意思是“很可能的,很”。如:
    1) It might well turn out true. (這很可能會成為真的。)
    2) It's well worth trying. (這很值得一試。)
    3) He must be well over forty. (他很可能大大超過四十歲了。)
    2. They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nations in which they are located.
    本句中的clear用作動詞,意思是remove (清除),如:
    1) Brazil's forests were being cleared at the rate of almost 7,000 square miles a year.
    (巴西的森林以每年近7,000平方英里的速度被清除。)
    2)The children were helping me clear weeds from the garden. (孩子們在幫助我清除花園里的雜草。)
    speed up是個常用短語,意思是increase the speed
    1)Tom speeded up and overtook his classmates. (湯姆加快了速度,趕上他的同學(xué)們。)
    注意speed用在詞組動詞中時,其過去式和過去分詞為speeded, 其他情況下,其過去式和過去分詞為sped.
    2) Africa's population growth speeded up. (非洲的人口增長加速。)
    3) Bad housing and poverty speed up the breakdown of family life. (惡劣的住房條件和貧困加快了家庭的破裂。)
    表示“坐落于某地”時,locate常用在被動語態(tài)中,be located.in which they are located中的they指rainforests, which指nations.
    1) The factory is located in the suburb. (那家工廠坐落于郊區(qū)。)
    2) The hospital is located in the center of the city. (醫(yī)院坐落于市中心。)
    3. According to many scientists, the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to the so-called greenhouse effect.
    contribute to在本句中的意思是help to bring about (促戰(zhàn),造成)。如:
    1) Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. (你的建議將有助于解決這個問題。)
    2)Carelessness contributed to his errors. (粗心大意造成了他的錯誤。)
    so-called用作形容詞,意思是“所謂的”。如:
    1) He was deceived by his so-called friend. (他被所謂的朋友騙了。)
    2) The so-called Christian even showed no love to his own children.
    (這個所謂的基督徒連對自己的孩子都沒有愛心。)
    effect在句中用作名詞,意思是“效果,效應(yīng)”,在第三單元中我們對名詞effect和動詞affect做過詳細(xì)講解,再請看幾個例句。
    1) The sound effect of this movie is great. (這部電影的音響效果很棒。)
    2) Excessive smoking will have a bad effect on your health. (吸煙過多將會給你的身體帶來不良影響。)
    3) Too much rainfall affected the harvest. (過多的雨水影響了收成。)
    4)I hope what I have said won't affect your decision. (希望我的話不會影響你的決定。)
    4. It is a medicine chest of unlimited potential.
    chest可以指胸腔或柜子、箱子,medicine chest是“藥箱”的意思。
    potential在句中用作名詞,意思是“潛力”,potential也可用作形容詞,意思是“潛在的”。
    1) They are determined to tap their potential to the full. (他們決心充分挖掘自己的潛力。)
    2) The aim of this advertisement is to attract potential customers. (這則廣告的目標(biāo)是吸引潛在的顧客。)
    3) You have to know more about the potential demand of the market.
    (你得對市場上可能達(dá)到的需求量有更多的了解。)
    5. In today's pharmaceutical market 15 of the 125 drugs derived from plants were discovered in the rainforest. derived from plants是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語,相當(dāng)于被動語態(tài)的定語從句。如:
    1) The beer bought from the supermarket is very light. (在超市買的那啤酒口味很淡。)
    2) The candy made from cactus tastes strange. (用仙人掌做的糖果味道很怪。)
    15 of the 125意思是125中的15.再如two of the three (三個中的兩個)
    derive from意思是get from, obtain from, 如:
    1) Much of his knowledge is derived from books. (他的許多知識得自書本。)
    2) He derived his stories from his experiences in the countryside. (他的故事來自于他在農(nóng)村的經(jīng)歷。)
    6. Rare birds and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world have been disappearing at the rate of one a year since the turn of the century.
    句中的else是形容詞,常接在不定代詞的后面,表示“其他的,別的”,如:
    1) Is there anything else I can do for you?(我還能為你做些別的事嗎?)
    2) Did anybody else know this? (有其他人知道這件事嗎?)
    3) He didn't go anywhere else. (他沒去其他地方。)
    one a year意思是“每年一種”。這種表達(dá)方式在英語中很常用,如:
    1) Take the medicine three times a day. (每日三次服這種藥。)
    2) They met three times a week. (他們每周見三次。)
    3) He finishes 5 books a month. (他一個月讀完五本書。)
    當(dāng)時間狀語用since引導(dǎo)時,句子中的時態(tài)常用完成時。如:
    1) He has been living here since he came to Nanjing 5 years ago. (自從他五年前來到南京,他就一直住在這兒。)
    2) They haven't seen each other since last May. (自去年五月起,他們一直沒見過面。)
    turn在句中做名詞,意思是“轉(zhuǎn)折點”。since the turn of the century意思是“自本世紀(jì)初(或上世紀(jì)末)?!?BR>    1) He hasn't written home since the turn of the year. (自去年底以來他還未給家里寫過信。)
    2) At the turn of the two centuries, they had many hearty wishes for their family.(在兩個世紀(jì)交替之時,他們對家人有許多衷心的祝愿。)