自考“英語(yǔ)(一)”筆記(40)

字號(hào):

10.solution n. 解決辦法
    solve v. 解決
    1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借貸只能暫時(shí)解決這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。)
    2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (經(jīng)過(guò)一天的仔細(xì)考慮,他才想出一個(gè)好辦法。)
    3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我們應(yīng)該一起解決我們國(guó)家的問(wèn)題。)
    4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
    5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他們找到了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的新辦法。)
    (請(qǐng)注意用solution這個(gè)名詞時(shí),通常用a solution to a problem表示“問(wèn)題的解決辦法。”。)
    11.adapt v. 使適應(yīng),使適合;改寫(xiě)
    1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我們應(yīng)該使自己的思想適應(yīng)新的情況。)
    2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment.
    (一些動(dòng)物改變它們的習(xí)性以適應(yīng)環(huán)境。)
    3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想適應(yīng)新的生活方式嗎?)
    4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他們把小說(shuō)改編為電影。)
    請(qǐng)注意adapt 和adopt的區(qū)別,adopt意為“采用;收養(yǎng)”。
    1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他們準(zhǔn)備采用新的養(yǎng)蠶技術(shù)。)
    2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一個(gè)小女孩被收養(yǎng)為家庭一員。)
    12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的      v. 使完美,改善
    1)He speaks perfect English. (他說(shuō)一口地道的英語(yǔ)。)
    2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由這位演員擔(dān)任這一角色再理想不過(guò)了。)
    3)He is in perfect health. (他身體十分健康。)
    4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是個(gè)完全陌生的人。)
    5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English.
    (他們決定把兒子送到英國(guó)去提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。)
    13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的
    accept v. 接受
    1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (這個(gè)建議大家都能接受。)
    2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (湯姆在測(cè)驗(yàn)中的分?jǐn)?shù)尚可。)
    3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (別以為在電視上看到的一切都是真實(shí)的。)
    4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我沒(méi)指望他接受我的建議。)
    5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (這個(gè)計(jì)劃受到了人們的普通歡迎。)
    6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地點(diǎn)頭表示贊同。)
    14. evidence n. 發(fā)現(xiàn);(調(diào)查或研究)結(jié)果;根據(jù)
    evident adj. 明顯的
    1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你這樣說(shuō)有任何根據(jù)嗎?)
    2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (跡象表明有人一直住在這兒。)
    3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (顯然,我們彼此不了解。)
    4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他帶著明顯的失望說(shuō)話。)
    5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best.
    (我們有充分的證據(jù)說(shuō)明他們的工作是好的。)
    15. determine v. 決定;確定
    determined adj. 下決心的
    determination n. 決心;結(jié)論
    1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已決定了行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。)
    2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事實(shí)。)
    3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父親決心戒煙。)
    4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化驗(yàn)報(bào)告后下了結(jié)論。)
    5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是個(gè)有決斷力的人。)
    16. growth n. 生長(zhǎng)
    grow v. 生長(zhǎng)
    1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展實(shí)在令人驚異。)
    2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems.
    (世界人口的迅速發(fā)展帶來(lái)了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題。)
    3)His hair has grown too long. (他的頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)得太長(zhǎng)了。)
    4)Friendship grew between them. (他們之間產(chǎn)生了友情。)
    5)You will grow used to it. (你會(huì)漸漸對(duì)此習(xí)慣的。)
    本課主要構(gòu)詞法
    Affixation 詞綴法
    1. 形容詞后綴 -able
    disagreeable acceptable
    2. 副詞后綴 -ly
    scientifically previously entirely frequently
    3. 名詞后綴 -ion
    imagination solution
    4. 反義詞前綴 un-
    unknown unpleasant
    本課簡(jiǎn)介
    在“Scientific Attitudes”這篇課文中,作者指出科學(xué)始于人類對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的疑問(wèn)。當(dāng)人類具有去偽存真的能力時(shí),科學(xué)也開(kāi)始迅猛發(fā)展。好奇和想像是有助于推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)展重要素質(zhì)。作者還認(rèn)為具有科學(xué)頭腦的人相信“因果”關(guān)系。任何現(xiàn)象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。思想開(kāi)放、無(wú)偏見(jiàn);尊重別人的觀點(diǎn);凡事以事實(shí)為依據(jù)都是科學(xué)的態(tài)度。
    人物背景
    1.Benjamin Franklin:富蘭克林(1706-1790年),美國(guó)政治家及科學(xué)家。美國(guó)18世紀(jì)名列華盛頓后的的人物,參加起草獨(dú)立宣言。在科學(xué)方面進(jìn)行過(guò)有名的電實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)電做了理論說(shuō)明。只受過(guò)極短的正規(guī)教育,全靠勤奮自學(xué)成才。法國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家杜爾哥頌揚(yáng)他“從天空抓到雷電,從專制統(tǒng)治者手中奪回權(quán)力”。
    2.Thomas Edison:愛(ài)迪生(1847-1931年),美國(guó)發(fā)明家。技術(shù)歷史中顯著的天才之一,擁有白熾燈、留聲機(jī)、電影放映機(jī)等1093種發(fā)明專利,還創(chuàng)辦了世界上第一個(gè)工業(yè)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
    3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理學(xué)家及天文學(xué)家。對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)思想的發(fā)展作出過(guò)重大貢獻(xiàn)。早用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察天體,并曾用大量事實(shí)證明地球環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn),否定地心說(shuō)。
    4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法國(guó)化學(xué)家及微生物學(xué)家。證明發(fā)酵及傳染病是微生物引起的,創(chuàng)始并首先應(yīng)用疫苗接種以預(yù)防狂犬病、雞霍亂等,挽救了法、英等國(guó)的養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)和啤酒業(yè)。
    5.Edward Jenner:金納(1749-1823年),英國(guó)醫(yī)生,牛痘接種法創(chuàng)始人。歷經(jīng)周折使牛痘接種法得以公認(rèn),并傳播到歐美大陸及全世界,使天花的病死率大為下降。