自考“英語(一)”筆記(41)

字號:

本課語言點
    1.Science had its beginning when man started asking questions about his environment.
    句中的beginning是一個名詞,意思是“開始、開端、” 例如:
    1)We had too much rain at the beginning of the month. (月初雨水過多。)
    2)He has made a good beginning in the field of publishing. (他在出版領(lǐng)域做出了良好的開端。)
    在動詞start的后面,可以用動名詞作賓語,也可以用不定式。一般來說,如果表示有意識地“開始做某事”,多用動名詞,否則用不定式更多一些,如:
    1)We started working on it in 1999. (我們是1999年開始這項工作的。)
    2)Suddenly it started to rain.(突然下起雨來。)
    2.He sought answers to these and other questions.
    本句中的sought是動詞seek的過去分詞。seek answers to…“尋找…答案”,to是介詞,常與answer這類名詞連用。例如:
    1)The answer to your question is very simple. (你的問題答案很簡單)
    2)I haven't found the solution to the problem yet. (我還沒找到解決這個問題的辦法)
    3)He couldn't find the key to the door. (他找不到開這個門的鑰匙)
    3.Not all his answer were correct, but at least he did want to know.
    Not all his answer were correct 這是一個部分否定的句子。部分否定一般用下列三種形式表達;
    A.主語中有all/both/every/each, etc+否定謂語
    B.主語中有not + all /both/every/each, etc+肯定謂語
    C.否定謂語+ all /both/every/each, etc
    1)All the students are not in the classroom.(學(xué)生們并不都在教室里。)
    這句話相當(dāng)于:Not all the students are in the classroom.
    2)Every computer is not of high quality. (并非每一臺計算機都是高質(zhì)量的。)
    這句話相當(dāng)于:Not every computer is of high quality.
    3)I didn't see both of them. (我只見到了他們兩個中的一個。)
    這句話相當(dāng)于:I only saw one of the two men
    … but at least he did want to know. 句子中的did是助動詞,隨人稱和時態(tài)的變化而變化,用于強調(diào),如
    1)He does know the way to the library. (他的確知道去圖書館的路)
    2)I do enjoy pop music. (我的確喜歡流行音樂)
    3)They did give us a lot of help. (他們的確幫了我們不少忙)
    4.The child wants to take apart a watch to see what makes it work.
    句子中“to take apart a watch”是不定式做賓語,后面的“to see what makes it work”則是不定式做目的狀語。請看下面的例句:
    1)He offered to help me. (他提出要幫助我。)
    2)I didn't expect to find you here.(沒想到在這兒碰到你。)
    3)We all want to learn more knowledge. (我們都想學(xué)更多的知識。)
    4)To do it well, you have to make more efforts. (你得更努力,才能做好。)
    5)To protect the child, he laid down his life. (為了保護那個孩子,他獻出了自己的生命。)
    6)They ran over to welcome the hero. (他們跑過去歡迎那位英雄。)
    在上述6個句子中,前3句是不定式做賓語,而后3句則是不定式做目的狀語。
    take apart 的意思是“拆開”,如:
    1)He took the toy apart but found nothing unusual.(他把玩具拆開但沒發(fā)現(xiàn)任何異常。)
    2)I'll have to take the bike apart to see what is wrong.(我得把自行車拆開看有什么毛病。)
    5. He combined his curiosity with imagination and carried out his well-known experiment to show that lightening and electric spark are the same thing.
    combine with 是一個常用詞組,意思為“使結(jié)合;使聯(lián)合”:例如:
    1)Experience is fine when it is combined with the right personality. (經(jīng)驗與健全的人格相結(jié)合是很好的。)
    well-known是一個復(fù)合形容詞,意思為“出名的,眾所周知的”,例如:
    A well-known film critic (有名的影評家),a well-known voice (熟悉的聲音)。除了做定語用以外,well-known(或?qū)懗蓋ell known)也可以做表語,如:
    1)It is well known that excessive drinking and smoking can be harmful to one's health.
    (眾所周知抽煙喝酒過多有害健康。)
    2)It is well known that education of young people is vital to the future of a country.
    (眾所周知年輕人的教育對一個國家的未來至關(guān)重要。)
    6. Scientifically minded people believe in a “cause-and effect”relationship
    句子中的minded是一個形容詞,在minded前面常用形容詞或副詞,組成一個復(fù)合形容詞,如:a narrow-minded person(一個心胸狹窄的人),the absent-minded young man(心不在焉的年輕人),open-minded people(思想開放的人們),liberally-minded parents(思想開明的父母), a politically-minded old man(有政治頭腦的老人)
    cause-and-effect是一個復(fù)合形容詞,修飾后面的名詞relationship.如此構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞在英語中很常見,如:
    1)a never-to-be-forgotten moment (永遠難忘的時刻)
    2)an epoch-making event(劃時代的大事)
    3)a seven-year-old boy(一個七歲男孩)
    4)a wait-and-see attitude(等著瞧的態(tài)度)
    7. …there is a good reason why some leaves turn red and others yellow in the fall
    句子中的why是一個關(guān)系副詞,它所引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句,請看例句:
    1)He didn't give the reason why was absent yesterday (他沒有提到昨天缺席的理由)
    2) The reason why he missed the train was that he got up late (他沒趕上火車的原因是他起床晚了)
    3) This is the reason why he did it(這就是他做那件事的原因)
    有時,我們也會看到在reason后面用for的情況,用for的時候,后面只能接名詞,或動名詞短語,不能接句子,如:
    1)I don't know the reason for his absence.(我不知道他缺席的理由)
    2)One of the reasons for coming to England was to make money.(到英國來的原因之一是掙錢)
    3)There is no reason for his poor work.(他的工作干不好是沒有理由的)
    句子中的fall是一個名詞,意思為“秋天”,例如:
    1)I met her again in the fall semester .(我在秋學(xué)期又見到了她)
    2)They moved to Washington in the fall of 1998.(一九九八年秋天他們搬到了華盛頓)