Unit14（第41講—第43講）
2. Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps， yawning when a golfer tells you about what great shot he made… are all things that educated people try not to do.
本句中三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語做主語，整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”的句型。如：
1）Smoking is not good for your health. （吸煙有害你的健康。）
2） Making experiment is one way of learning. （實(shí)驗(yàn)是學(xué)習(xí)的一條途徑。）
be impressed by 意思是“給…深刻印象”。如：
1）I was impressed by his talent. （他的才干給我留下了深刻的印象。）
2）He was impressed by the gorgeous sunset. （絢麗的夕陽給他留下了深刻的印象。）
golfer意思為“高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，這個(gè)詞是由golf加后綴-er構(gòu)成的，英語中這一類詞很多。如：baker （面包師傅），gardener （園丁），miller （磨坊主），singer （歌唱家），user （使用者。）
1） He tried not to let out the secret. （他試圖不泄露秘密。）
2） We tried not to be misled by them. （我們努力不被他們誤導(dǎo)。）
3. There are no laws enforcing respect.
本句是一個(gè)There be + noun + V-ing 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示存在（有），there失去表示場(chǎng)所的意義。如：
1） There was a fire burning in the fireplace. （壁爐里火在燃燒。）
2） There were two bulldozers knocking the place flat. （兩臺(tái)推土機(jī)把那兒夷平。）
句中的enforce是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“實(shí)施；強(qiáng)制”。如：
1） It is necessary to enforce discipline in the army. （在部隊(duì)里執(zhí)行紀(jì)律是必要的。）
2） He strongly objected to enforcing obedience on children. （他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)強(qiáng)迫兒童服從。）
4. These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable.
represent在本句中做及物動(dòng)詞用，意思是“代表；體現(xiàn)”。如：
1） The blue lines on the map represent rivers. （地圖上的藍(lán)線代表河流。）
2） These views don't represent the real thinking of the local residents. （那些觀點(diǎn)并不反映當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦恼鎸?shí)思想。）
句中what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，如：
1） I will always remember what my mother said to me before I went to college.（我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我上大學(xué)前媽媽對(duì)我說的話。）
2） I didn't see what they were doing there. （我沒看見他們?cè)谀莾焊墒裁?。?BR> 3） His idea couldn't represent what the ordinary people really liked.（他的想法不能代表普通百姓真正所喜歡的東西。）
consider是一個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞，通常有以下幾種用法：
1） consider + 賓語
He had no time to consider the matter. （他沒有時(shí)間考慮這件事。）
2） consider + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語
Some people considered the attack a mistake. （有人認(rèn)為那次進(jìn)攻是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。）
3） consider + that 從句
We consider that the young man is not guilty. （我們認(rèn)為那個(gè)年輕人無罪。）
4） consider + V. + ing He considered changing his job. （他考慮換一份工作。）
5） consider to be/as
They consider themselves to be very lucky. （他們認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。）
He is considered to be an authority. （他被認(rèn)為是權(quán)威。）
They considered the house as beautiful. （他們認(rèn)為那房子很美。）
在上面的三個(gè)例句中，to be和as都可以被省略，因此三例句可以改寫為：
They consider themselves lucky.
He is considered an authority.
They consider the house beautiful.
5. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience.
aware這個(gè)形容詞很常用，需好好掌握，在第十二單元中我們已經(jīng)接觸過這個(gè)詞，在此再鞏固一下。
1） be aware of
If you were aware of all that， you would change your mind. （如果你知道了那一切，你會(huì)改變主意的。）
2） be aware that
He was aware that he had drunk too much. （他知道他喝的太多了。）
bother在本句中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“打擾”。在bother后用不定式則表示“費(fèi)心去做某事”。如：
1） Don't bother me， I have to finish the work in an hour. （別打擾我，我得在一小時(shí)內(nèi)做完這個(gè)工作。）
2） Don't bother to talk to him. He has no interest in anything. （別費(fèi)心跟他講話，他對(duì)什么都沒興趣。）
audience （觀眾，聽眾）當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看待，用做單數(shù)；當(dāng)各成員看待，用做復(fù)數(shù)。如：
1） The audience was （were） enjoying the performance. （觀眾在欣賞演出。）
2） That book has a large audience. （那本書有廣大的讀者。）
6. …the look-at-me phone users whose boring conversations are just as dangerous to our mental health as smoke is to our lungs.
look-at-me是作者自造的復(fù)合形容詞，意思是“看我多神氣”。
as dangerous…as…形容詞的同等比較，意思是“與……同樣危險(xiǎn)”。
這句話的意思是“如同吸煙有害我們的肺一樣，'那些瞧我多神氣'的移動(dòng)電話使用者的無聊談話有害我們的精神健康?！?BR> 英語學(xué)習(xí)中，經(jīng)常會(huì)有不善區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞做形容詞和過去分詞做形容詞的用法和詞意的情況，請(qǐng)看下列例句：
A. interested interesting
1. He is interested in that book.
2. The book is interesting
B. excited exciting
1. We were very excited on hearing the news.
2. The exciting news was soon spread all over the country.
C. bored boring
1. The audience was bored by the speaker's empty talk.
2.The boring lecture made my sleepy.
7. …they listen to their walkmans while the teacher is talking to them.
listen是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須加介詞to才可以跟賓語，如：聽音樂（listen to music），聽收音機(jī)（listen to the radio），聽天氣預(yù)報(bào)（listen to the weather forecast）。請(qǐng)注意，不能丟掉介詞to.
walkman指隨身聽。注意其復(fù)數(shù)形式是在后面加-s，而不是把man改成men.
8. Kids who have no idea what being polite means will pay the price sooner or later.
have no idea of sth. 意思是“對(duì)……不理解”。have no idea后面接從句，常可省去of，如：
1）He had no idea what was likely to happen next. （他無法預(yù)料接下去會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況。）
2）I have no idea why she left.（我不知道她為什么離去。）
polite是形容詞，前面必須用系動(dòng)詞，而在what從句中，做主語用的系動(dòng)詞be則要變成being.如：
Being honest means telling no lies. （誠實(shí)意味著不說謊話。）
句子中的who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾kids，而what則引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語從句，對(duì)idea的內(nèi)容加以解釋。如：
1）I have no idea what will turn up.
2）I have no idea how soon they will arrive.
3）Word came that they had succeeded.
pay the price意思是“付出代價(jià)”。如：
They will pay the price for their ignorance. （他們將為自己的無知付出代價(jià)。）
sooner or later意思是“遲早”，如：
You will understand me sooner or later. （你遲早會(huì)理解我的。）
9. When they join the work force， their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to that of animals than civilized people.
associate在本句中做名詞，意思是“同事”。
alike通常做形容詞用，如：The two brothers are very much alike. （這兩兄弟非常相象。）在本句子，alike作副詞用，意思是“一樣地”。
1）Teachers and students alike will have a 3-week holiday. （老師和學(xué)生一樣將有為期三周的假期。）
2）The book is interesting and instructive alike. （這書既有趣，也有教益。）
句子中的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句。第二個(gè)that則用來替代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞，本句中that替代前面的behavior，意思是“這些粗魯?shù)哪贻p人的行為更接近動(dòng)物的行為?！?BR> 1） By 1990， production in the area is expected to double that of 1980.
2） The weather in Shanghai is milder than that of Beijing.
10. Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge.
Edge在本句中的意思是“優(yōu)勢(shì)”（advantage），如：
1） The edge was with our team. （優(yōu)勢(shì)在我們隊(duì)這邊。）
2） Since he obtained the edge， he was sure to win. （既然他取得了優(yōu)勢(shì)，他一定會(huì)贏。）
3） have an edge over sb. （勝過某人）
4） maintain a nuclear edge （保持核優(yōu)勢(shì)）
本課主要詞組
1. think of 2. be impressed by
3. fall asleep 4. a trip to
5. interact with 6. a majority of
7. show respect for 8. as well
9. be aware of 10. listen to
11. have no idea 12. pay the price
13. sooner or later 14. be close to
15. because of 16. get ahead
17. give sb. an edge 18. be based on
Text B Why we walk in circles
短語表達(dá)
1.rather than
He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.
He was reading a book rather than watching TV.
2.somewhat
He felt somewhat tired.
This book is somewhat difficult to understand.
3.instead of
Instead of pushing and crowding， he waited quietly for his turn.
He gave us a lot of trouble instead of help.
4.go astray
The letter had gone astray.
Make sure that no sheep go astray.
5.keep from
The poor child was kept from seeing his mother.
The bad weather kept us from getting there as scheduled.
6.cut off
Cut me off if I talk too much.
Gas supplies had now been cut off.
7.be worth
This book is worth reading.
This problem is worth following up.
8.reach one's goal
You have to work hard to reach your goal.
9. such as
Many stories such as these will prove instructive to the children.
10.intend to
He intended to give us an explanation， but he didn't.
I didn't intend to hurt you.
11.no more…than
He is no more a teacher than a writer.
We are no more satisfied than you are.
12.讓步狀語從句的倒裝
Young as he is， he holds an important position in the company.
Smart as they are， they are always modest.
Child as he was， he knew what was the right thing to do.
13.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：with ＋名詞＋過去分詞
With many eyes fixed on her， she felt very nervous.
With all the work completed， we felt greatly relieved.
With all his savings gone， he had to find a job now.
2. Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps， yawning when a golfer tells you about what great shot he made… are all things that educated people try not to do.
本句中三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語做主語，整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”的句型。如：
1）Smoking is not good for your health. （吸煙有害你的健康。）
2） Making experiment is one way of learning. （實(shí)驗(yàn)是學(xué)習(xí)的一條途徑。）
be impressed by 意思是“給…深刻印象”。如：
1）I was impressed by his talent. （他的才干給我留下了深刻的印象。）
2）He was impressed by the gorgeous sunset. （絢麗的夕陽給他留下了深刻的印象。）
golfer意思為“高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，這個(gè)詞是由golf加后綴-er構(gòu)成的，英語中這一類詞很多。如：baker （面包師傅），gardener （園丁），miller （磨坊主），singer （歌唱家），user （使用者。）
1） He tried not to let out the secret. （他試圖不泄露秘密。）
2） We tried not to be misled by them. （我們努力不被他們誤導(dǎo)。）
3. There are no laws enforcing respect.
本句是一個(gè)There be + noun + V-ing 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示存在（有），there失去表示場(chǎng)所的意義。如：
1） There was a fire burning in the fireplace. （壁爐里火在燃燒。）
2） There were two bulldozers knocking the place flat. （兩臺(tái)推土機(jī)把那兒夷平。）
句中的enforce是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“實(shí)施；強(qiáng)制”。如：
1） It is necessary to enforce discipline in the army. （在部隊(duì)里執(zhí)行紀(jì)律是必要的。）
2） He strongly objected to enforcing obedience on children. （他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)強(qiáng)迫兒童服從。）
4. These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable.
represent在本句中做及物動(dòng)詞用，意思是“代表；體現(xiàn)”。如：
1） The blue lines on the map represent rivers. （地圖上的藍(lán)線代表河流。）
2） These views don't represent the real thinking of the local residents. （那些觀點(diǎn)并不反映當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦恼鎸?shí)思想。）
句中what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，如：
1） I will always remember what my mother said to me before I went to college.（我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我上大學(xué)前媽媽對(duì)我說的話。）
2） I didn't see what they were doing there. （我沒看見他們?cè)谀莾焊墒裁?。?BR> 3） His idea couldn't represent what the ordinary people really liked.（他的想法不能代表普通百姓真正所喜歡的東西。）
consider是一個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞，通常有以下幾種用法：
1） consider + 賓語
He had no time to consider the matter. （他沒有時(shí)間考慮這件事。）
2） consider + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語
Some people considered the attack a mistake. （有人認(rèn)為那次進(jìn)攻是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。）
3） consider + that 從句
We consider that the young man is not guilty. （我們認(rèn)為那個(gè)年輕人無罪。）
4） consider + V. + ing He considered changing his job. （他考慮換一份工作。）
5） consider to be/as
They consider themselves to be very lucky. （他們認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。）
He is considered to be an authority. （他被認(rèn)為是權(quán)威。）
They considered the house as beautiful. （他們認(rèn)為那房子很美。）
在上面的三個(gè)例句中，to be和as都可以被省略，因此三例句可以改寫為：
They consider themselves lucky.
He is considered an authority.
They consider the house beautiful.
5. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience.
aware這個(gè)形容詞很常用，需好好掌握，在第十二單元中我們已經(jīng)接觸過這個(gè)詞，在此再鞏固一下。
1） be aware of
If you were aware of all that， you would change your mind. （如果你知道了那一切，你會(huì)改變主意的。）
2） be aware that
He was aware that he had drunk too much. （他知道他喝的太多了。）
bother在本句中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“打擾”。在bother后用不定式則表示“費(fèi)心去做某事”。如：
1） Don't bother me， I have to finish the work in an hour. （別打擾我，我得在一小時(shí)內(nèi)做完這個(gè)工作。）
2） Don't bother to talk to him. He has no interest in anything. （別費(fèi)心跟他講話，他對(duì)什么都沒興趣。）
audience （觀眾，聽眾）當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看待，用做單數(shù)；當(dāng)各成員看待，用做復(fù)數(shù)。如：
1） The audience was （were） enjoying the performance. （觀眾在欣賞演出。）
2） That book has a large audience. （那本書有廣大的讀者。）
6. …the look-at-me phone users whose boring conversations are just as dangerous to our mental health as smoke is to our lungs.
look-at-me是作者自造的復(fù)合形容詞，意思是“看我多神氣”。
as dangerous…as…形容詞的同等比較，意思是“與……同樣危險(xiǎn)”。
這句話的意思是“如同吸煙有害我們的肺一樣，'那些瞧我多神氣'的移動(dòng)電話使用者的無聊談話有害我們的精神健康?！?BR> 英語學(xué)習(xí)中，經(jīng)常會(huì)有不善區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞做形容詞和過去分詞做形容詞的用法和詞意的情況，請(qǐng)看下列例句：
A. interested interesting
1. He is interested in that book.
2. The book is interesting
B. excited exciting
1. We were very excited on hearing the news.
2. The exciting news was soon spread all over the country.
C. bored boring
1. The audience was bored by the speaker's empty talk.
2.The boring lecture made my sleepy.
7. …they listen to their walkmans while the teacher is talking to them.
listen是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須加介詞to才可以跟賓語，如：聽音樂（listen to music），聽收音機(jī)（listen to the radio），聽天氣預(yù)報(bào)（listen to the weather forecast）。請(qǐng)注意，不能丟掉介詞to.
walkman指隨身聽。注意其復(fù)數(shù)形式是在后面加-s，而不是把man改成men.
8. Kids who have no idea what being polite means will pay the price sooner or later.
have no idea of sth. 意思是“對(duì)……不理解”。have no idea后面接從句，常可省去of，如：
1）He had no idea what was likely to happen next. （他無法預(yù)料接下去會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況。）
2）I have no idea why she left.（我不知道她為什么離去。）
polite是形容詞，前面必須用系動(dòng)詞，而在what從句中，做主語用的系動(dòng)詞be則要變成being.如：
Being honest means telling no lies. （誠實(shí)意味著不說謊話。）
句子中的who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾kids，而what則引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語從句，對(duì)idea的內(nèi)容加以解釋。如：
1）I have no idea what will turn up.
2）I have no idea how soon they will arrive.
3）Word came that they had succeeded.
pay the price意思是“付出代價(jià)”。如：
They will pay the price for their ignorance. （他們將為自己的無知付出代價(jià)。）
sooner or later意思是“遲早”，如：
You will understand me sooner or later. （你遲早會(huì)理解我的。）
9. When they join the work force， their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to that of animals than civilized people.
associate在本句中做名詞，意思是“同事”。
alike通常做形容詞用，如：The two brothers are very much alike. （這兩兄弟非常相象。）在本句子，alike作副詞用，意思是“一樣地”。
1）Teachers and students alike will have a 3-week holiday. （老師和學(xué)生一樣將有為期三周的假期。）
2）The book is interesting and instructive alike. （這書既有趣，也有教益。）
句子中的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句。第二個(gè)that則用來替代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞，本句中that替代前面的behavior，意思是“這些粗魯?shù)哪贻p人的行為更接近動(dòng)物的行為?！?BR> 1） By 1990， production in the area is expected to double that of 1980.
2） The weather in Shanghai is milder than that of Beijing.
10. Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge.
Edge在本句中的意思是“優(yōu)勢(shì)”（advantage），如：
1） The edge was with our team. （優(yōu)勢(shì)在我們隊(duì)這邊。）
2） Since he obtained the edge， he was sure to win. （既然他取得了優(yōu)勢(shì)，他一定會(huì)贏。）
3） have an edge over sb. （勝過某人）
4） maintain a nuclear edge （保持核優(yōu)勢(shì)）
本課主要詞組
1. think of 2. be impressed by
3. fall asleep 4. a trip to
5. interact with 6. a majority of
7. show respect for 8. as well
9. be aware of 10. listen to
11. have no idea 12. pay the price
13. sooner or later 14. be close to
15. because of 16. get ahead
17. give sb. an edge 18. be based on
Text B Why we walk in circles
短語表達(dá)
1.rather than
He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.
He was reading a book rather than watching TV.
2.somewhat
He felt somewhat tired.
This book is somewhat difficult to understand.
3.instead of
Instead of pushing and crowding， he waited quietly for his turn.
He gave us a lot of trouble instead of help.
4.go astray
The letter had gone astray.
Make sure that no sheep go astray.
5.keep from
The poor child was kept from seeing his mother.
The bad weather kept us from getting there as scheduled.
6.cut off
Cut me off if I talk too much.
Gas supplies had now been cut off.
7.be worth
This book is worth reading.
This problem is worth following up.
8.reach one's goal
You have to work hard to reach your goal.
9. such as
Many stories such as these will prove instructive to the children.
10.intend to
He intended to give us an explanation， but he didn't.
I didn't intend to hurt you.
11.no more…than
He is no more a teacher than a writer.
We are no more satisfied than you are.
12.讓步狀語從句的倒裝
Young as he is， he holds an important position in the company.
Smart as they are， they are always modest.
Child as he was， he knew what was the right thing to do.
13.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：with ＋名詞＋過去分詞
With many eyes fixed on her， she felt very nervous.
With all the work completed， we felt greatly relieved.
With all his savings gone， he had to find a job now.