Unit24(第71講—第73講)
Text A saving the rainforests for future generations
本課主要單詞
1. rainforest n. 熱帶雨林
這是一個(gè)由名詞rain加名詞forest構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞。用rain加名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,英語中還有不少。如:rainbelt (雨帶),rainworm (蚯蚓)等等。
2. economic adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)(上)的,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的
economic是economy的形容詞形式,economical也是economy的形容詞形式,請(qǐng)看下面的例句,注意區(qū)別economic和economical.
1)economic:concerned with economics and with the organization of money industry, and trade of a country, region, or social group
economic growth (經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)) economic prosperity (經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮)
economic decline (經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退) economic reform (經(jīng)濟(jì)改革)
economic order (經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序) economic depression (經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條)
economic crisis (經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)) economic doctrines (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說)
2)economical:cheap,careful,efficient
This car is economical to run. (開這輛車費(fèi)用很省。)
The child is so economical that he saves all his pocket money. (那個(gè)孩子很節(jié)省,他把零花錢都積攢了起來。)
形容詞economic和economical的副詞形式都是economically.
This region is unevenly developed economically. (這一地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡。)
It is necessary that we should learn to live economically. (我們學(xué)會(huì)節(jié)儉地生活是必要的。)
3. deforestation 砍伐森林
de-是前綴,意思是“除去,分離”。-ation是名詞后綴。用de-做前綴的詞在英文中也是比較常見的,如:defrost (去冰或霜),dehydrate (脫水),detach (分離,解開)等等。
The deforestation of rainforests will greatly upset ecological systems.(熱帶雨林植物的毀滅將對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重影響。)
The Amazon Basin is quickly becoming deforested. (亞馬遜盆地的植被將被砍伐殆盡。)
4. consequence n. result, effect (結(jié)果,后果)
1) The young man would do what he likes regardless of the consequences. (那個(gè)年輕人將不顧后果去做他喜歡的事。)
2)They found themselves in a dilemma as a consequence of rapid changes in society. (由于社會(huì)的飛速發(fā)展他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地。)
3) He is a man of great consequence. (他是一個(gè)舉足輕重的人。)
4) He will have to take the consequences if he doesn't apologize. (如果他不道歉,一切后果將由他承擔(dān)。)
consequently adv. therefore,so,as a result (所以,因此)
The rain was heavy and consequently the football match was put off. (雨下得很大,因此足球賽被延期了。)
5. massive adj. extremely large (大而重的;大規(guī)模的,大量的)
1) The massive increase in oil prices put the taxi-drivers in a difficult situation.(燃油價(jià)格的大幅上升使出租車司機(jī)們面臨困難。)
2)He saw massive changes in the village when he went there 20 years later. (20年后回到那個(gè)村子,他發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒的變化很大。)
3) A massive young man in police uniform came in. (一個(gè)身著警服身材魁梧的年輕人走了進(jìn)來。)
6. upset v. mess up;turn over accidentally;(弄亂;打翻);make sb. worried or unhappy (使苦惱)
adj. be unhappy or disappointed, distressed (心煩意亂的,心情不安的)
1)He upset a cup of coffee on the carpet. (他把一杯牛奶打翻在地毯上。)
2)Make sure that he stays where he is. If he comes, he will upset the whole atmosphere. (確保他呆在他該呆的地方。如果他來了會(huì)把整個(gè)氣氛攪亂。)
3) The news upset him. (那消息使他心煩意亂。)
4) She was upset about the rumours. (她為那些謠言感到十分煩惱。)
5)He was upset to learn that his proposal was not discussed at the meeting.(他聽說自己的建議沒在會(huì)議上被討論而感到沮喪。)
6) They were upset by the poverty they saw in that area. (他們?yōu)樵谀且坏貐^(qū)看到的貧困現(xiàn)象而苦惱。)
注意:upset作形容詞用,在句子中做表語時(shí),以及upset作動(dòng)詞用時(shí),應(yīng)該成/Λp′set / ;upset作形容詞用,在句子中做定語時(shí),應(yīng)讀成 /′Λpset /.
還應(yīng)注意,upset做動(dòng)詞用時(shí),其過去式,過去分詞與動(dòng)詞的原形相同。
7. ecosystem n. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
eco是一個(gè)詞根,意思是“環(huán)境(的)”,“生態(tài)(的)”;“家庭(的)”,“經(jīng)濟(jì)(的)”。如:ecology (生態(tài)學(xué)),ecocide (生態(tài)滅絕),ecoclimate(生態(tài)氣候);economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)),economic (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的,經(jīng)濟(jì)上的)。
8. erosion n. 腐蝕,侵害
erosion是動(dòng)詞erode的名詞形式。rod,ros是詞根,意思是gnaw (咬)。e-是前綴,相當(dāng)于ex-,意思是out.以rod或ros作詞根的詞,如:corrode(腐蝕;侵蝕), emerge(出現(xiàn)),evaporize (蒸發(fā)),erase (擦去)
1)They decide to plant more trees to prevent soil erosion. (他們決定種更多的樹以防土壤受侵蝕。)
2) They protested strongly against erosions of civil rights. (他們強(qiáng)烈*對(duì)公民權(quán)的侵害。)
9. drought n. 干旱季節(jié),旱災(zāi)
1)The land is in a state of drought. (土地干旱。)
2)In many parts of China, people are fighting drought. (在中國的許多地區(qū),人們?cè)诳购?。?BR> 請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別drought和draught.drought也用作名詞,意思是拉,拖,牽引;①被拉的東西,如:That drought was too much for the horse to pull. (那負(fù)荷太重了,馬拉不動(dòng)。)
②鮮啤酒,散裝啤酒,如:Give him a glass of draught, please. (請(qǐng)給他一杯散裝啤酒。)③一飲的量;吸入,如:He drank the wine in one draught. (他一口喝干了那酒。)
10. global adj. 球形的;全球的,世界的;普遍的,總的
global是名詞globe的形容詞形式,-al是形容詞后綴,常用在名詞后面構(gòu)成形容詞。如regional (局部的,地區(qū)的),emotional (情感的),seasonal (季節(jié)的)。
1)The earth is a global mass. (地球是一個(gè)球形體。)
2)The global economic growth is on the decline this year. (今年總體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)呈下降趨勢(shì)。)
3)A global picture of their progress can be obtained from these marks.(從這些分?jǐn)?shù)中你可以得到他們進(jìn)步的全貌。)
4)I'll try to give you a global idea of the situation. (我將盡力把形勢(shì)的總體情況告訴你。)
5)He makes friends with people from every corner of the globe. (他與來自世界各地的人們交朋友。)
11. contribute vt. 貢獻(xiàn);捐助;投稿 vi. 起作用,有助于;捐獻(xiàn);投稿
1)They contributed food and medicine to people in the flooded area. (他們向受淹地區(qū)的人們捐助食物和藥品。)
2) He didn't contribute any idea to the discussion. (他在討論中沒有提出任何意見。)
3)She contributes articles to the newspaper weekly. (她每周為那家報(bào)紙撰稿。)
4)The two sisters contributed to their mother's support. (兩姐妹合力贍養(yǎng)母親。)
5)I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. (我相信你的建議將有助于解決這個(gè)問題。)
6)They are determined to make contributions to public safety. (他們決心為公眾安全作出貢獻(xiàn)。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別contribute to (doing) sth.和devote to (doing) sth.。這兩個(gè)短語都表示“為…貢獻(xiàn)”,但表示“獻(xiàn)身于某一事業(yè)或目標(biāo)”時(shí),要用devote to (doing)sth.。而在contribute后面不接one's life或oneself.如:
1) She devoted all her life to the welfare of women and children. (她一生致力于婦女和兒童的福利事業(yè)。)
2) He devoted himself to teaching in the mountain village. (他致力于在那個(gè)山村教書。)
3) Air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases. (空氣污染會(huì)引起呼吸道疾病。)
再注意區(qū)別contribute與distribute.
contribute:①give money in order to help someone
②help to make sth. successful
③influence sth.
distribute:①give out, hand out (分發(fā))
②share sth. among the members of a particular group (分布)
③supply sth.to sb. (銷售商品于特定的市場(chǎng);運(yùn)送貨物給個(gè)別顧客)
1)The teacher distributed the papers to the students. (教師把試卷分發(fā)給學(xué)生。)
2)Fuel resources are unevenly distributed. (燃料資源分布不勻。)
3)They distributed their cars throughout the world. (他們的汽車銷往世界各地。)
12. greenhouse n. 暖房,溫室
green表示“綠色”,也可作形容詞用表示“缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;幼稚的;青春的”等等。下面我們看看與green有關(guān)的一些復(fù)合詞以及表達(dá):
greenback (美鈔) greenbelt (綠化地帶) green-carder (綠卡持有者)
greenroom (劇場(chǎng)里的演員休息室) a green hand (生手)
the green years (青春年華) green-eyed monster (嫉妒)
greenhouse effect (溫室效應(yīng)) green revolution (綠色革命)
13. polar adj. 南極的,北極的;兩種相反性質(zhì)的
-ar是形容詞后綴,如popular(受歡迎的,民眾的),similar (類似的)
1)Most insects don't live in polar regions. (大多數(shù)昆蟲在兩極地區(qū)不存在。)
2)They are thinking about how to survive in a polar winter. (他們正在考慮如何在極地冬季生存。)
3)After reading his report you can see that he holds polar viewpoints.(讀完他的報(bào)告你就能明白他的觀點(diǎn)正好相反。)
14. recede vi. ①move further away into distance (遠(yuǎn)去)
②gradually become less clear (變模糊)
③withdraw (撤回)
1)The plane gradually out of sight. (飛機(jī)漸漸遠(yuǎn)去看不見了。)
2)The memory was receding and he couldn't remember anything. (記憶在變得模糊,他什么也想不起來了。)
3)He receded from his promise. (他背棄了自己的諾言。)
4)The article receded from the newspaper. (這篇文章從報(bào)紙上撤下了。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別recede和secede.
secede vi. Withdraw formally from membership in a group, association, organization, etc.; to break off one's connection with others, as in a political or religious group (從宗教、政黨、聯(lián)盟等組織中退出,脫離)
1) Nine States seceded from the Union government and established their own confederate government.
(九個(gè)州脫離聯(lián)邦政府,成立了自己的邦聯(lián)政府。)
2) They seceded from the EEC. (他們從歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體中退出。)
15. pharmaceutical adj. 藥物的,藥學(xué)的 n. 藥品
請(qǐng)看下面幾個(gè)單詞,對(duì)記憶和理解pharmaceutical會(huì)有幫助。
pharmacy 藥學(xué) pharmaceutics 制藥學(xué)
pharmacology 藥理學(xué) pharmaceutist 藥劑師
16. derive v. 由…得到;起源,由…派生
1)They derive enormous pleasure from reading. (他們從閱讀中得到了極大的樂趣。)
2)He said he derived no real satisfaction from his work. (他說他從工作中得不到真正的滿足。)
3)This word is derived from Latin. (這個(gè)單詞從拉丁語派生而來。)
4)Electric power can be derived from the sun-warmed surface waters of the ocean.(電力可以從曬熱的海洋水面獲得。)
17. senseless adj. 無知覺的;愚蠢的,無意義的
1)He fell senseless to the ground. (他昏倒在地。)
2)It was a senseless thing to do so. (這樣做毫無意義。)
3)He put forward some senseless proposals at the meeting. (他在會(huì)上提出了幾個(gè)愚蠢的建議。)
18. overpopulated adj. 人口過密的
over-是一個(gè)前綴,意思是too much (過度,太過),如:overcrowd (過度,擁擠),overdo (過度烹煮),overeat (吃得過多),overestimate (估計(jì)過高)等等。
popul是個(gè)詞根,意思是people (人),如:populous (人口稠密的),depopulation (人口減少),populace (大眾)等等。
1) The city is noisy, overpopulated, and seriously polluted. (這座城市喧鬧,人口過多而且污染嚴(yán)重。)
2) Overpopulation has caused many problems.(人口過多已經(jīng)造成了許多問題。)
19. cancel v. call off, give up (取消),delete (刪除)
1) The performance will have to be cancelled because of an accident. (由于意外,演出不得不取消。)
2) The flight was cancelled because of the snow-storm. (航班因暴風(fēng)雪而取消。)
3) They won't be able to come tonight, I have to cancel the hotel reservations.
(他們今晚來不了了,我得取消旅館預(yù)定。
4)Cancel the nasty words from your composition. (把你作文中的那些下流的詞語刪掉。)
20. owe n. 欠(債等),應(yīng)該向(某人)付出
1)He owned her 200 dollars. (他欠她200美元。)
2)He owned the landlady two months' rent. (他欠房東太太兩個(gè)月的房租。)
3)She owned her success to hard work. (她把成功歸因于辛勤工作。)
4)He owes his life to a kindhearted man. (多虧一位好心人他才活了下來。)
21. select v. 選擇,挑選,選拔
1)They select books that are useful to them. (他們挑選那些對(duì)他們有用的書。)
2)You can select friends from your schoolmates. (你可以在同學(xué)中挑選朋友。)
3)They voted to select a new monitor. (他們投票挑選新班長(zhǎng)。)
22. export v. 輸出,出口 n. 輸出品;輸出,出口
這個(gè)單詞用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),發(fā)音的重音在后面的第二個(gè)音節(jié)上,用作名詞時(shí),重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上。
ex-是前綴,表示out,port是詞根,表示carry.
1)They banned all exports of weapons. (他們禁止武器出口。)
2)They grow coffee, cotton and bananas for exports. (他們種植咖啡、棉花和香蕉出口。)
3)One third of exports from industrial nations go to the developing countries.
(工業(yè)國家三分之一的出口品進(jìn)入發(fā)展中國家。)
4)Raw materials are exported at low prices. (原材料的出口價(jià)格低廉。)
本課簡(jiǎn)介
從巴西到印度尼西亞,熱帶雨林被砍伐、被焚燒,也許在2050年之前,它們就會(huì)從地球表面消失。新的數(shù)據(jù)表明,僅去年一年,被毀的熱帶雨林面積就大于大不列顛群島和愛爾蘭群島的面積之和。照此下去,后果嚴(yán)重。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將遭嚴(yán)重破壞,土壤流失加劇,洪水泛濫,旱災(zāi)肆虐,全球氣候?qū)⑹苡绊懀湎〉膭?dòng)、植物也將可能消失。熱帶雨林的焚毀是引起溫室效應(yīng)的原因之一。溫室效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致極地的冰層回縮,因而平均氣溫升高,海平面上升。
熱帶雨林是一個(gè)具有無限潛力的醫(yī)藥百寶箱,2000種熱帶雨林植物可能有助于抗癌,在當(dāng)今的藥品市場(chǎng)上,每125種從植物提取的藥品中就有15種來自于熱帶雨林。除了植物,熱帶雨林所獨(dú)有的珍稀鳥類和動(dòng)物也在以每年一種的速度滅絕。
在如此嚴(yán)峻的事實(shí)面前,毀林事件仍舊頻頻發(fā)生。原因何在?熱帶雨林通常位于人口過多的貧窮國家,這些國家的政府無力阻止人們毀壞雨林。政府無錢幫助窮人,所以當(dāng)窮人們以砍伐樹木為生時(shí),他們只能視而不見。另外,對(duì)于這些國家來說,珍貴的木材和其他資源是重要的外匯來源,他們急需外匯償還外債、購買國外設(shè)備和其他物品。
如何解決這一問題?富裕的國家有責(zé)任幫助那些貧窮的國家取消外債、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),并教育貧困國家的人們正確對(duì)待雨林,合理科學(xué)地利用雨林。富裕國家也可以減少使用木材產(chǎn)品??傊Wo(hù)雨林已刻不容緩。
本課主要語言點(diǎn)
1. Rainforests are being cut and burned from Brazil to Indonesia at such a rate that they could well disappear from the earth's surface before the year 2050.
“are being cut and burned”是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:
1) The problem is being discussed now. (這個(gè)問題現(xiàn)在正在討論。)
2)The car is being repaired by Mr. Smith. (那輛車正由史密斯先生修理。)
“at such a rate that” (以這樣的速度(砍伐、焚燒)以致于…)。我們?cè)v過程度副詞such和so的區(qū)別。一般來說,such的后面接名詞,而so的后面接形容詞或副詞。如:
1) He spoke for such a long time that people began to feel bored. (他講了那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,人們開始覺得厭煩了。)
2) He made such a rapid progress that both his teachers and his parents were happy.(他取得了飛快的進(jìn)步,他的老師和父母都覺得高興。)
3) It was such a fine day that we decided to go for a walk. (天氣這樣好,我們打算去散步。)
4) The work was so difficult that I couldn't finish it in 2 hours. (這項(xiàng)工作太難,兩小時(shí)內(nèi)我完不成。)
5) She spoke so fast that I could catch her. (她講話太快,我沒聽懂他的意思。)
“they could well disappear” 他們很可能消失。well在本句中的意思是“很可能的,很”。如:
1) It might well turn out true. (這很可能會(huì)成為真的。)
2) It's well worth trying. (這很值得一試。)
3) He must be well over forty. (他很可能大大超過四十歲了。)
Text A saving the rainforests for future generations
本課主要單詞
1. rainforest n. 熱帶雨林
這是一個(gè)由名詞rain加名詞forest構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞。用rain加名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,英語中還有不少。如:rainbelt (雨帶),rainworm (蚯蚓)等等。
2. economic adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)(上)的,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的
economic是economy的形容詞形式,economical也是economy的形容詞形式,請(qǐng)看下面的例句,注意區(qū)別economic和economical.
1)economic:concerned with economics and with the organization of money industry, and trade of a country, region, or social group
economic growth (經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)) economic prosperity (經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮)
economic decline (經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退) economic reform (經(jīng)濟(jì)改革)
economic order (經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序) economic depression (經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條)
economic crisis (經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)) economic doctrines (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說)
2)economical:cheap,careful,efficient
This car is economical to run. (開這輛車費(fèi)用很省。)
The child is so economical that he saves all his pocket money. (那個(gè)孩子很節(jié)省,他把零花錢都積攢了起來。)
形容詞economic和economical的副詞形式都是economically.
This region is unevenly developed economically. (這一地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡。)
It is necessary that we should learn to live economically. (我們學(xué)會(huì)節(jié)儉地生活是必要的。)
3. deforestation 砍伐森林
de-是前綴,意思是“除去,分離”。-ation是名詞后綴。用de-做前綴的詞在英文中也是比較常見的,如:defrost (去冰或霜),dehydrate (脫水),detach (分離,解開)等等。
The deforestation of rainforests will greatly upset ecological systems.(熱帶雨林植物的毀滅將對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重影響。)
The Amazon Basin is quickly becoming deforested. (亞馬遜盆地的植被將被砍伐殆盡。)
4. consequence n. result, effect (結(jié)果,后果)
1) The young man would do what he likes regardless of the consequences. (那個(gè)年輕人將不顧后果去做他喜歡的事。)
2)They found themselves in a dilemma as a consequence of rapid changes in society. (由于社會(huì)的飛速發(fā)展他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地。)
3) He is a man of great consequence. (他是一個(gè)舉足輕重的人。)
4) He will have to take the consequences if he doesn't apologize. (如果他不道歉,一切后果將由他承擔(dān)。)
consequently adv. therefore,so,as a result (所以,因此)
The rain was heavy and consequently the football match was put off. (雨下得很大,因此足球賽被延期了。)
5. massive adj. extremely large (大而重的;大規(guī)模的,大量的)
1) The massive increase in oil prices put the taxi-drivers in a difficult situation.(燃油價(jià)格的大幅上升使出租車司機(jī)們面臨困難。)
2)He saw massive changes in the village when he went there 20 years later. (20年后回到那個(gè)村子,他發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒的變化很大。)
3) A massive young man in police uniform came in. (一個(gè)身著警服身材魁梧的年輕人走了進(jìn)來。)
6. upset v. mess up;turn over accidentally;(弄亂;打翻);make sb. worried or unhappy (使苦惱)
adj. be unhappy or disappointed, distressed (心煩意亂的,心情不安的)
1)He upset a cup of coffee on the carpet. (他把一杯牛奶打翻在地毯上。)
2)Make sure that he stays where he is. If he comes, he will upset the whole atmosphere. (確保他呆在他該呆的地方。如果他來了會(huì)把整個(gè)氣氛攪亂。)
3) The news upset him. (那消息使他心煩意亂。)
4) She was upset about the rumours. (她為那些謠言感到十分煩惱。)
5)He was upset to learn that his proposal was not discussed at the meeting.(他聽說自己的建議沒在會(huì)議上被討論而感到沮喪。)
6) They were upset by the poverty they saw in that area. (他們?yōu)樵谀且坏貐^(qū)看到的貧困現(xiàn)象而苦惱。)
注意:upset作形容詞用,在句子中做表語時(shí),以及upset作動(dòng)詞用時(shí),應(yīng)該成/Λp′set / ;upset作形容詞用,在句子中做定語時(shí),應(yīng)讀成 /′Λpset /.
還應(yīng)注意,upset做動(dòng)詞用時(shí),其過去式,過去分詞與動(dòng)詞的原形相同。
7. ecosystem n. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
eco是一個(gè)詞根,意思是“環(huán)境(的)”,“生態(tài)(的)”;“家庭(的)”,“經(jīng)濟(jì)(的)”。如:ecology (生態(tài)學(xué)),ecocide (生態(tài)滅絕),ecoclimate(生態(tài)氣候);economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)),economic (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的,經(jīng)濟(jì)上的)。
8. erosion n. 腐蝕,侵害
erosion是動(dòng)詞erode的名詞形式。rod,ros是詞根,意思是gnaw (咬)。e-是前綴,相當(dāng)于ex-,意思是out.以rod或ros作詞根的詞,如:corrode(腐蝕;侵蝕), emerge(出現(xiàn)),evaporize (蒸發(fā)),erase (擦去)
1)They decide to plant more trees to prevent soil erosion. (他們決定種更多的樹以防土壤受侵蝕。)
2) They protested strongly against erosions of civil rights. (他們強(qiáng)烈*對(duì)公民權(quán)的侵害。)
9. drought n. 干旱季節(jié),旱災(zāi)
1)The land is in a state of drought. (土地干旱。)
2)In many parts of China, people are fighting drought. (在中國的許多地區(qū),人們?cè)诳购?。?BR> 請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別drought和draught.drought也用作名詞,意思是拉,拖,牽引;①被拉的東西,如:That drought was too much for the horse to pull. (那負(fù)荷太重了,馬拉不動(dòng)。)
②鮮啤酒,散裝啤酒,如:Give him a glass of draught, please. (請(qǐng)給他一杯散裝啤酒。)③一飲的量;吸入,如:He drank the wine in one draught. (他一口喝干了那酒。)
10. global adj. 球形的;全球的,世界的;普遍的,總的
global是名詞globe的形容詞形式,-al是形容詞后綴,常用在名詞后面構(gòu)成形容詞。如regional (局部的,地區(qū)的),emotional (情感的),seasonal (季節(jié)的)。
1)The earth is a global mass. (地球是一個(gè)球形體。)
2)The global economic growth is on the decline this year. (今年總體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)呈下降趨勢(shì)。)
3)A global picture of their progress can be obtained from these marks.(從這些分?jǐn)?shù)中你可以得到他們進(jìn)步的全貌。)
4)I'll try to give you a global idea of the situation. (我將盡力把形勢(shì)的總體情況告訴你。)
5)He makes friends with people from every corner of the globe. (他與來自世界各地的人們交朋友。)
11. contribute vt. 貢獻(xiàn);捐助;投稿 vi. 起作用,有助于;捐獻(xiàn);投稿
1)They contributed food and medicine to people in the flooded area. (他們向受淹地區(qū)的人們捐助食物和藥品。)
2) He didn't contribute any idea to the discussion. (他在討論中沒有提出任何意見。)
3)She contributes articles to the newspaper weekly. (她每周為那家報(bào)紙撰稿。)
4)The two sisters contributed to their mother's support. (兩姐妹合力贍養(yǎng)母親。)
5)I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. (我相信你的建議將有助于解決這個(gè)問題。)
6)They are determined to make contributions to public safety. (他們決心為公眾安全作出貢獻(xiàn)。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別contribute to (doing) sth.和devote to (doing) sth.。這兩個(gè)短語都表示“為…貢獻(xiàn)”,但表示“獻(xiàn)身于某一事業(yè)或目標(biāo)”時(shí),要用devote to (doing)sth.。而在contribute后面不接one's life或oneself.如:
1) She devoted all her life to the welfare of women and children. (她一生致力于婦女和兒童的福利事業(yè)。)
2) He devoted himself to teaching in the mountain village. (他致力于在那個(gè)山村教書。)
3) Air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases. (空氣污染會(huì)引起呼吸道疾病。)
再注意區(qū)別contribute與distribute.
contribute:①give money in order to help someone
②help to make sth. successful
③influence sth.
distribute:①give out, hand out (分發(fā))
②share sth. among the members of a particular group (分布)
③supply sth.to sb. (銷售商品于特定的市場(chǎng);運(yùn)送貨物給個(gè)別顧客)
1)The teacher distributed the papers to the students. (教師把試卷分發(fā)給學(xué)生。)
2)Fuel resources are unevenly distributed. (燃料資源分布不勻。)
3)They distributed their cars throughout the world. (他們的汽車銷往世界各地。)
12. greenhouse n. 暖房,溫室
green表示“綠色”,也可作形容詞用表示“缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;幼稚的;青春的”等等。下面我們看看與green有關(guān)的一些復(fù)合詞以及表達(dá):
greenback (美鈔) greenbelt (綠化地帶) green-carder (綠卡持有者)
greenroom (劇場(chǎng)里的演員休息室) a green hand (生手)
the green years (青春年華) green-eyed monster (嫉妒)
greenhouse effect (溫室效應(yīng)) green revolution (綠色革命)
13. polar adj. 南極的,北極的;兩種相反性質(zhì)的
-ar是形容詞后綴,如popular(受歡迎的,民眾的),similar (類似的)
1)Most insects don't live in polar regions. (大多數(shù)昆蟲在兩極地區(qū)不存在。)
2)They are thinking about how to survive in a polar winter. (他們正在考慮如何在極地冬季生存。)
3)After reading his report you can see that he holds polar viewpoints.(讀完他的報(bào)告你就能明白他的觀點(diǎn)正好相反。)
14. recede vi. ①move further away into distance (遠(yuǎn)去)
②gradually become less clear (變模糊)
③withdraw (撤回)
1)The plane gradually out of sight. (飛機(jī)漸漸遠(yuǎn)去看不見了。)
2)The memory was receding and he couldn't remember anything. (記憶在變得模糊,他什么也想不起來了。)
3)He receded from his promise. (他背棄了自己的諾言。)
4)The article receded from the newspaper. (這篇文章從報(bào)紙上撤下了。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別recede和secede.
secede vi. Withdraw formally from membership in a group, association, organization, etc.; to break off one's connection with others, as in a political or religious group (從宗教、政黨、聯(lián)盟等組織中退出,脫離)
1) Nine States seceded from the Union government and established their own confederate government.
(九個(gè)州脫離聯(lián)邦政府,成立了自己的邦聯(lián)政府。)
2) They seceded from the EEC. (他們從歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體中退出。)
15. pharmaceutical adj. 藥物的,藥學(xué)的 n. 藥品
請(qǐng)看下面幾個(gè)單詞,對(duì)記憶和理解pharmaceutical會(huì)有幫助。
pharmacy 藥學(xué) pharmaceutics 制藥學(xué)
pharmacology 藥理學(xué) pharmaceutist 藥劑師
16. derive v. 由…得到;起源,由…派生
1)They derive enormous pleasure from reading. (他們從閱讀中得到了極大的樂趣。)
2)He said he derived no real satisfaction from his work. (他說他從工作中得不到真正的滿足。)
3)This word is derived from Latin. (這個(gè)單詞從拉丁語派生而來。)
4)Electric power can be derived from the sun-warmed surface waters of the ocean.(電力可以從曬熱的海洋水面獲得。)
17. senseless adj. 無知覺的;愚蠢的,無意義的
1)He fell senseless to the ground. (他昏倒在地。)
2)It was a senseless thing to do so. (這樣做毫無意義。)
3)He put forward some senseless proposals at the meeting. (他在會(huì)上提出了幾個(gè)愚蠢的建議。)
18. overpopulated adj. 人口過密的
over-是一個(gè)前綴,意思是too much (過度,太過),如:overcrowd (過度,擁擠),overdo (過度烹煮),overeat (吃得過多),overestimate (估計(jì)過高)等等。
popul是個(gè)詞根,意思是people (人),如:populous (人口稠密的),depopulation (人口減少),populace (大眾)等等。
1) The city is noisy, overpopulated, and seriously polluted. (這座城市喧鬧,人口過多而且污染嚴(yán)重。)
2) Overpopulation has caused many problems.(人口過多已經(jīng)造成了許多問題。)
19. cancel v. call off, give up (取消),delete (刪除)
1) The performance will have to be cancelled because of an accident. (由于意外,演出不得不取消。)
2) The flight was cancelled because of the snow-storm. (航班因暴風(fēng)雪而取消。)
3) They won't be able to come tonight, I have to cancel the hotel reservations.
(他們今晚來不了了,我得取消旅館預(yù)定。
4)Cancel the nasty words from your composition. (把你作文中的那些下流的詞語刪掉。)
20. owe n. 欠(債等),應(yīng)該向(某人)付出
1)He owned her 200 dollars. (他欠她200美元。)
2)He owned the landlady two months' rent. (他欠房東太太兩個(gè)月的房租。)
3)She owned her success to hard work. (她把成功歸因于辛勤工作。)
4)He owes his life to a kindhearted man. (多虧一位好心人他才活了下來。)
21. select v. 選擇,挑選,選拔
1)They select books that are useful to them. (他們挑選那些對(duì)他們有用的書。)
2)You can select friends from your schoolmates. (你可以在同學(xué)中挑選朋友。)
3)They voted to select a new monitor. (他們投票挑選新班長(zhǎng)。)
22. export v. 輸出,出口 n. 輸出品;輸出,出口
這個(gè)單詞用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),發(fā)音的重音在后面的第二個(gè)音節(jié)上,用作名詞時(shí),重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上。
ex-是前綴,表示out,port是詞根,表示carry.
1)They banned all exports of weapons. (他們禁止武器出口。)
2)They grow coffee, cotton and bananas for exports. (他們種植咖啡、棉花和香蕉出口。)
3)One third of exports from industrial nations go to the developing countries.
(工業(yè)國家三分之一的出口品進(jìn)入發(fā)展中國家。)
4)Raw materials are exported at low prices. (原材料的出口價(jià)格低廉。)
本課簡(jiǎn)介
從巴西到印度尼西亞,熱帶雨林被砍伐、被焚燒,也許在2050年之前,它們就會(huì)從地球表面消失。新的數(shù)據(jù)表明,僅去年一年,被毀的熱帶雨林面積就大于大不列顛群島和愛爾蘭群島的面積之和。照此下去,后果嚴(yán)重。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將遭嚴(yán)重破壞,土壤流失加劇,洪水泛濫,旱災(zāi)肆虐,全球氣候?qū)⑹苡绊懀湎〉膭?dòng)、植物也將可能消失。熱帶雨林的焚毀是引起溫室效應(yīng)的原因之一。溫室效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致極地的冰層回縮,因而平均氣溫升高,海平面上升。
熱帶雨林是一個(gè)具有無限潛力的醫(yī)藥百寶箱,2000種熱帶雨林植物可能有助于抗癌,在當(dāng)今的藥品市場(chǎng)上,每125種從植物提取的藥品中就有15種來自于熱帶雨林。除了植物,熱帶雨林所獨(dú)有的珍稀鳥類和動(dòng)物也在以每年一種的速度滅絕。
在如此嚴(yán)峻的事實(shí)面前,毀林事件仍舊頻頻發(fā)生。原因何在?熱帶雨林通常位于人口過多的貧窮國家,這些國家的政府無力阻止人們毀壞雨林。政府無錢幫助窮人,所以當(dāng)窮人們以砍伐樹木為生時(shí),他們只能視而不見。另外,對(duì)于這些國家來說,珍貴的木材和其他資源是重要的外匯來源,他們急需外匯償還外債、購買國外設(shè)備和其他物品。
如何解決這一問題?富裕的國家有責(zé)任幫助那些貧窮的國家取消外債、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),并教育貧困國家的人們正確對(duì)待雨林,合理科學(xué)地利用雨林。富裕國家也可以減少使用木材產(chǎn)品??傊Wo(hù)雨林已刻不容緩。
本課主要語言點(diǎn)
1. Rainforests are being cut and burned from Brazil to Indonesia at such a rate that they could well disappear from the earth's surface before the year 2050.
“are being cut and burned”是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:
1) The problem is being discussed now. (這個(gè)問題現(xiàn)在正在討論。)
2)The car is being repaired by Mr. Smith. (那輛車正由史密斯先生修理。)
“at such a rate that” (以這樣的速度(砍伐、焚燒)以致于…)。我們?cè)v過程度副詞such和so的區(qū)別。一般來說,such的后面接名詞,而so的后面接形容詞或副詞。如:
1) He spoke for such a long time that people began to feel bored. (他講了那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,人們開始覺得厭煩了。)
2) He made such a rapid progress that both his teachers and his parents were happy.(他取得了飛快的進(jìn)步,他的老師和父母都覺得高興。)
3) It was such a fine day that we decided to go for a walk. (天氣這樣好,我們打算去散步。)
4) The work was so difficult that I couldn't finish it in 2 hours. (這項(xiàng)工作太難,兩小時(shí)內(nèi)我完不成。)
5) She spoke so fast that I could catch her. (她講話太快,我沒聽懂他的意思。)
“they could well disappear” 他們很可能消失。well在本句中的意思是“很可能的,很”。如:
1) It might well turn out true. (這很可能會(huì)成為真的。)
2) It's well worth trying. (這很值得一試。)
3) He must be well over forty. (他很可能大大超過四十歲了。)