The E.U. Iran Policy: A Multilateral Approach
歐盟多邊主義的實(shí)驗(yàn)田
環(huán)顧全球，中東地區(qū)似乎永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)是非之地：巴以沖突似乎就沒有停息過，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)也不能解決伊拉克的問題，該地區(qū)的反美情緒日益高漲。然而，一個(gè)新的苗頭卻又開始在這個(gè)地區(qū)醞釀起來(lái)——伊朗的核實(shí)驗(yàn)問題。而伴隨著這個(gè)問題的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的現(xiàn)象，即歐洲大國(guó)開始與美國(guó)
并駕齊驅(qū)地介入這個(gè)問題。不同于美國(guó)的是，這些歐洲大國(guó)采取的是多邊主義方式……
As 2004 came to an end the world had a lot of news stories to pay attention to. Bush's second term, Arafat's passing and the electoral crisis in the Ukraine all dominated our T.V. screens and newspapers. In the middle of all this something else occurred that was equally significant. Three European countries, Germany, France and Britain, acting together and ignoring the U.S., managed to make a deal with Iran on its uranium processing programme.
當(dāng)2004年落下帷幕，全球有許多新聞報(bào)道都值得關(guān)注。電視上和報(bào)紙上充斥的全是布什的第二任期、阿拉法特的過世以及烏克蘭的大選危機(jī)等報(bào)道。在這其中，還發(fā)生了一件同等重要的事情。三個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家——德國(guó)、法國(guó)和英國(guó)采取聯(lián)合行動(dòng)，置美國(guó)于不顧，設(shè)法與伊朗就其鈾加工計(jì)劃達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。
The issue of Iran and its possible intention to develop nuclear weapons had built momentum through the year. By the start of last year, when American Congressional members visited Tehran, it seemed that a thaw in U.S.-Iran relations was possible. The U.S. knows that Iranian support would make its tasks in Iraq, Afghanistan and the Middle East easier, while the Iranian government could use the popularity at home that American investment would generate. But as the year moved on revelations that Iran had been deceiving the rest of the world about its nuclear experiments put an end to any hope of U.S.-Iran rapprochement.
伊朗及其可能想發(fā)展核武器的問題在過去一年中越鬧越大。去年伊始，當(dāng)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員訪問德黑蘭之時(shí)，美伊關(guān)系出現(xiàn)解凍似乎成為可能。美國(guó)明白，伊朗的支持將使其在伊拉克、阿富汗和中東開展行動(dòng)時(shí)更加從容，而美國(guó)的投資則會(huì)使伊朗政府得到其需要的國(guó)內(nèi)支持。但是這一年中，隨著時(shí)間的推移，伊朗一直向全球其它國(guó)家隱瞞其核試驗(yàn)一事終被曝光，這使恢復(fù)美伊關(guān)系的希望成為泡影。
Are the Iranians planning to develop a nuclear bomb? The Americans certainly think so and Iran has every motive to do so. Israel has nuclear weapons and has no intention of signing the non-proliferation treaty. Both the U.S. and the U.K. appear to be contemplating restarting nuclear weapons programmes and Iran is surrounded by American military bases. Having nuclear weapons would put Iran in a much securer position.
伊朗人打算發(fā)展核彈嗎？美國(guó)人肯定是這么認(rèn)為的，而伊朗也完全有這樣去做的動(dòng)機(jī)。以色列是擁有核武器的，而且并不打算簽署核不擴(kuò)散條約。美國(guó)和英國(guó)也似乎都在考慮著重新啟動(dòng)核武器計(jì)劃，而伊朗則處在美國(guó)軍事基地的包圍之中。擁有核武器將使伊朗處于一個(gè)更為安全的境地。
To make matters more complicated, the IAEA, the organisation that is supposed to halt proliferation, is in fact aiding it. This is due to a belief that countries can benefit from developing nuclear power without developing nuclear weapons. The scientific evidence used to prove that Iran was building the bomb in 2004 is very shaky. Enriching uranium and producing heavy water could be used to build weapons. These processes could also be used to develop nuclear power generators.
使事情更趨復(fù)雜的是，理應(yīng)制止核擴(kuò)散的國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)卻在事實(shí)上為此提供幫助。其原因要?dú)w咎于一種看法，即各國(guó)在不發(fā)展核武器的前提下可以從開發(fā)核能源中受益。用于證明伊朗一直在2004年發(fā)展核彈的科學(xué)依據(jù)是極不可靠的。對(duì)鈾進(jìn)行濃縮和制造重水是可以用來(lái)制造武器的。而這些工序也可以用來(lái)開發(fā)核能發(fā)電機(jī)。
By the summer of 2004, we were faced with a situation similar to that of two years before. The attempts of the U.S. to create pressures for action against Iran were more than reminiscent of the build up to the invasion of Iraq and the issue of Saddam's alleged weapons of mass destruction. Behind the intelligence reports are neo-conservative Americans with one aim in mind: regime change.
到了2004年夏的時(shí)候，我們所面對(duì)的形勢(shì)與兩年前的時(shí)勢(shì)是相似的。美國(guó)的企圖是，為對(duì)伊朗采取行動(dòng)施加壓力，而這更多地讓人回想起為入侵伊拉克所做的準(zhǔn)備以及薩達(dá)姆所謂的大規(guī)模殺傷性武器問題。而隱藏在這些情報(bào)報(bào)告之后的則是那些奉行新保守主義的美國(guó)人，他們心中的目標(biāo)只有一個(gè)：政權(quán)更迭。
With its troops tied up in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. ① is in no position to send in ground troops to vent its frustration with Tehran. During the summer, they hinted, instead, that they would use Special Forces and air strikes to target the offending facilities. Interestingly, the U.K. did not follow their American allies on this one, choosing instead to ②side with the 'old' European countries of Germany and France. Their talks with the Iranians looked like they had ended in failure by the end of the summer with both sides accusing the other of bad faith.
歐盟多邊主義的實(shí)驗(yàn)田
環(huán)顧全球，中東地區(qū)似乎永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)是非之地：巴以沖突似乎就沒有停息過，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)也不能解決伊拉克的問題，該地區(qū)的反美情緒日益高漲。然而，一個(gè)新的苗頭卻又開始在這個(gè)地區(qū)醞釀起來(lái)——伊朗的核實(shí)驗(yàn)問題。而伴隨著這個(gè)問題的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的現(xiàn)象，即歐洲大國(guó)開始與美國(guó)
并駕齊驅(qū)地介入這個(gè)問題。不同于美國(guó)的是，這些歐洲大國(guó)采取的是多邊主義方式……
As 2004 came to an end the world had a lot of news stories to pay attention to. Bush's second term, Arafat's passing and the electoral crisis in the Ukraine all dominated our T.V. screens and newspapers. In the middle of all this something else occurred that was equally significant. Three European countries, Germany, France and Britain, acting together and ignoring the U.S., managed to make a deal with Iran on its uranium processing programme.
當(dāng)2004年落下帷幕，全球有許多新聞報(bào)道都值得關(guān)注。電視上和報(bào)紙上充斥的全是布什的第二任期、阿拉法特的過世以及烏克蘭的大選危機(jī)等報(bào)道。在這其中，還發(fā)生了一件同等重要的事情。三個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家——德國(guó)、法國(guó)和英國(guó)采取聯(lián)合行動(dòng)，置美國(guó)于不顧，設(shè)法與伊朗就其鈾加工計(jì)劃達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。
The issue of Iran and its possible intention to develop nuclear weapons had built momentum through the year. By the start of last year, when American Congressional members visited Tehran, it seemed that a thaw in U.S.-Iran relations was possible. The U.S. knows that Iranian support would make its tasks in Iraq, Afghanistan and the Middle East easier, while the Iranian government could use the popularity at home that American investment would generate. But as the year moved on revelations that Iran had been deceiving the rest of the world about its nuclear experiments put an end to any hope of U.S.-Iran rapprochement.
伊朗及其可能想發(fā)展核武器的問題在過去一年中越鬧越大。去年伊始，當(dāng)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員訪問德黑蘭之時(shí)，美伊關(guān)系出現(xiàn)解凍似乎成為可能。美國(guó)明白，伊朗的支持將使其在伊拉克、阿富汗和中東開展行動(dòng)時(shí)更加從容，而美國(guó)的投資則會(huì)使伊朗政府得到其需要的國(guó)內(nèi)支持。但是這一年中，隨著時(shí)間的推移，伊朗一直向全球其它國(guó)家隱瞞其核試驗(yàn)一事終被曝光，這使恢復(fù)美伊關(guān)系的希望成為泡影。
Are the Iranians planning to develop a nuclear bomb? The Americans certainly think so and Iran has every motive to do so. Israel has nuclear weapons and has no intention of signing the non-proliferation treaty. Both the U.S. and the U.K. appear to be contemplating restarting nuclear weapons programmes and Iran is surrounded by American military bases. Having nuclear weapons would put Iran in a much securer position.
伊朗人打算發(fā)展核彈嗎？美國(guó)人肯定是這么認(rèn)為的，而伊朗也完全有這樣去做的動(dòng)機(jī)。以色列是擁有核武器的，而且并不打算簽署核不擴(kuò)散條約。美國(guó)和英國(guó)也似乎都在考慮著重新啟動(dòng)核武器計(jì)劃，而伊朗則處在美國(guó)軍事基地的包圍之中。擁有核武器將使伊朗處于一個(gè)更為安全的境地。
To make matters more complicated, the IAEA, the organisation that is supposed to halt proliferation, is in fact aiding it. This is due to a belief that countries can benefit from developing nuclear power without developing nuclear weapons. The scientific evidence used to prove that Iran was building the bomb in 2004 is very shaky. Enriching uranium and producing heavy water could be used to build weapons. These processes could also be used to develop nuclear power generators.
使事情更趨復(fù)雜的是，理應(yīng)制止核擴(kuò)散的國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)卻在事實(shí)上為此提供幫助。其原因要?dú)w咎于一種看法，即各國(guó)在不發(fā)展核武器的前提下可以從開發(fā)核能源中受益。用于證明伊朗一直在2004年發(fā)展核彈的科學(xué)依據(jù)是極不可靠的。對(duì)鈾進(jìn)行濃縮和制造重水是可以用來(lái)制造武器的。而這些工序也可以用來(lái)開發(fā)核能發(fā)電機(jī)。
By the summer of 2004, we were faced with a situation similar to that of two years before. The attempts of the U.S. to create pressures for action against Iran were more than reminiscent of the build up to the invasion of Iraq and the issue of Saddam's alleged weapons of mass destruction. Behind the intelligence reports are neo-conservative Americans with one aim in mind: regime change.
到了2004年夏的時(shí)候，我們所面對(duì)的形勢(shì)與兩年前的時(shí)勢(shì)是相似的。美國(guó)的企圖是，為對(duì)伊朗采取行動(dòng)施加壓力，而這更多地讓人回想起為入侵伊拉克所做的準(zhǔn)備以及薩達(dá)姆所謂的大規(guī)模殺傷性武器問題。而隱藏在這些情報(bào)報(bào)告之后的則是那些奉行新保守主義的美國(guó)人，他們心中的目標(biāo)只有一個(gè)：政權(quán)更迭。
With its troops tied up in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. ① is in no position to send in ground troops to vent its frustration with Tehran. During the summer, they hinted, instead, that they would use Special Forces and air strikes to target the offending facilities. Interestingly, the U.K. did not follow their American allies on this one, choosing instead to ②side with the 'old' European countries of Germany and France. Their talks with the Iranians looked like they had ended in failure by the end of the summer with both sides accusing the other of bad faith.