Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule in this section is to give all data relevant to the research question initially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppress any findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly written and as complete as possible, just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.
結(jié)果段。第三段，可能是最重要的。研究報(bào)告的這一段是對(duì)于從調(diào)查中獲得的結(jié)果的表述。在這一段的基本規(guī)則是給出與起初問(wèn)到的研究問(wèn)題相關(guān)的所有資料。當(dāng)然，研究報(bào)告的自然傾向應(yīng)該是隱藏任何從某些方式上不支持其假設(shè)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但如此不誠(chéng)實(shí)的是與任何領(lǐng)域優(yōu)秀的研究報(bào)告相對(duì)立的。如果實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始失敗于證明任何事情，如果資料是不充分的或者與期待相反，這個(gè)報(bào)告應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)地寫進(jìn)來(lái)，而且像可能的那樣完整，要像這個(gè)假設(shè)被研究完全證實(shí)了一樣，如實(shí)地寫進(jìn)來(lái)。
Discussion Section. The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawn from those results. Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will our planned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and be approved for building? Will this new program attact skilled personnel to our company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible? Thus, the discussion section of the research report must evaluate the research results fully: were they validly obtained, are they complete or limited, are they applicable over a wide range of circumstances? The discussion section should also point out what questions remain unanswered and perhaps suggest directions for further research.
討論段。一個(gè)研究報(bào)告的這個(gè)最終需要的段落是所獲得的結(jié)果的討論或者是一個(gè)可能取自那些結(jié)果的任何結(jié)論的陳述。在商業(yè)和技術(shù)研究報(bào)告中，這個(gè)段的基本興趣是結(jié)果作為公司決策基礎(chǔ)的有效性：我們計(jì)劃的建筑項(xiàng)目將符合聯(lián)邦政府的環(huán)境指導(dǎo)方針并被批準(zhǔn)施工嗎？這個(gè)新項(xiàng)目將能吸引有技術(shù)的全體人員到我們公司來(lái)？這項(xiàng)新的石油恢復(fù)技術(shù)在經(jīng)費(fèi)上將是可行的？所以，這個(gè)研究報(bào)告的討論段必須充分評(píng)估這個(gè)研究結(jié)果：它們是被靠得住地獲得？它們是完整的或是有限的？它們適用于一個(gè)寬泛區(qū)域的情形？這個(gè)討論段也應(yīng)該指出什么問(wèn)題留著沒(méi)有回答以及為進(jìn)一步研究可能提及的方向。
STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTS
Research reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, there is little emphasis on a lively style, although, of course, there is no objection to writing that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any research report should be edited to ensure that all data is correctly presented, that all equipment is listed, that all results are properly detailed. As an aid to the reader, headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.
研究報(bào)告的風(fēng)格
研究報(bào)告被當(dāng)作是正式的專業(yè)表達(dá)。所以，在一種活潑的風(fēng)格上很少有強(qiáng)調(diào)，當(dāng)然，雖然對(duì)于寫作是愉悅的和有趣的沒(méi)有異議。專業(yè)表達(dá)的主要目標(biāo)是準(zhǔn)確、清楚和完整。任何研究報(bào)告的大致初稿應(yīng)該被編輯以確信所有的資料被正確提及，所有的設(shè)備被列進(jìn)單子，所有的結(jié)果是適當(dāng)詳細(xì)的。做為對(duì)讀者的一個(gè)目的，標(biāo)題至少提出被使用的研究報(bào)告的主要段落，而且所有的資料應(yīng)該在適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題下被提及。在補(bǔ)充提及給讀者各個(gè)段落內(nèi)容的作用上，標(biāo)題加強(qiáng)了這個(gè)報(bào)告的正規(guī)形式和專業(yè)性質(zhì)，而且通過(guò)對(duì)報(bào)告過(guò)程的邏輯的和系統(tǒng)的表達(dá)，強(qiáng)化了作者可信性程度，同時(shí)排除了對(duì)于段落之間冗長(zhǎng)過(guò)渡詞句的需要。
Research data should be presented in a way that places proper emphasis on major aspects of the project. For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some concerned with the results of a research project, and thus the results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problem section and before the procedures section. Other researchers would be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.
研究資料應(yīng)該以一種適當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的主要方面的方式來(lái)展示。對(duì)于不同的讀者不同的方面將具有不同的重要程度，一些讀者關(guān)注一個(gè)研究報(bào)告的結(jié)果，所以結(jié)果段應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)調(diào)，通過(guò)在問(wèn)題段之后和程序段之前適當(dāng)?shù)亓⒓刺峒?。其他的研究者?duì)程序段會(huì)更有興趣，所以在為專業(yè)性期刊上出版或者在專業(yè)性會(huì)議上發(fā)表寫下的研究項(xiàng)目中，這段應(yīng)該突出。對(duì)于沒(méi)有技術(shù)的讀者和聯(lián)邦代理，結(jié)果的復(fù)雜性應(yīng)該是最重要的考慮，并且出于讀者人數(shù)考慮，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)該被放在報(bào)告的討論上。
結(jié)果段。第三段，可能是最重要的。研究報(bào)告的這一段是對(duì)于從調(diào)查中獲得的結(jié)果的表述。在這一段的基本規(guī)則是給出與起初問(wèn)到的研究問(wèn)題相關(guān)的所有資料。當(dāng)然，研究報(bào)告的自然傾向應(yīng)該是隱藏任何從某些方式上不支持其假設(shè)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但如此不誠(chéng)實(shí)的是與任何領(lǐng)域優(yōu)秀的研究報(bào)告相對(duì)立的。如果實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始失敗于證明任何事情，如果資料是不充分的或者與期待相反，這個(gè)報(bào)告應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)地寫進(jìn)來(lái)，而且像可能的那樣完整，要像這個(gè)假設(shè)被研究完全證實(shí)了一樣，如實(shí)地寫進(jìn)來(lái)。
Discussion Section. The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawn from those results. Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will our planned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and be approved for building? Will this new program attact skilled personnel to our company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible? Thus, the discussion section of the research report must evaluate the research results fully: were they validly obtained, are they complete or limited, are they applicable over a wide range of circumstances? The discussion section should also point out what questions remain unanswered and perhaps suggest directions for further research.
討論段。一個(gè)研究報(bào)告的這個(gè)最終需要的段落是所獲得的結(jié)果的討論或者是一個(gè)可能取自那些結(jié)果的任何結(jié)論的陳述。在商業(yè)和技術(shù)研究報(bào)告中，這個(gè)段的基本興趣是結(jié)果作為公司決策基礎(chǔ)的有效性：我們計(jì)劃的建筑項(xiàng)目將符合聯(lián)邦政府的環(huán)境指導(dǎo)方針并被批準(zhǔn)施工嗎？這個(gè)新項(xiàng)目將能吸引有技術(shù)的全體人員到我們公司來(lái)？這項(xiàng)新的石油恢復(fù)技術(shù)在經(jīng)費(fèi)上將是可行的？所以，這個(gè)研究報(bào)告的討論段必須充分評(píng)估這個(gè)研究結(jié)果：它們是被靠得住地獲得？它們是完整的或是有限的？它們適用于一個(gè)寬泛區(qū)域的情形？這個(gè)討論段也應(yīng)該指出什么問(wèn)題留著沒(méi)有回答以及為進(jìn)一步研究可能提及的方向。
STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTS
Research reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, there is little emphasis on a lively style, although, of course, there is no objection to writing that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any research report should be edited to ensure that all data is correctly presented, that all equipment is listed, that all results are properly detailed. As an aid to the reader, headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.
研究報(bào)告的風(fēng)格
研究報(bào)告被當(dāng)作是正式的專業(yè)表達(dá)。所以，在一種活潑的風(fēng)格上很少有強(qiáng)調(diào)，當(dāng)然，雖然對(duì)于寫作是愉悅的和有趣的沒(méi)有異議。專業(yè)表達(dá)的主要目標(biāo)是準(zhǔn)確、清楚和完整。任何研究報(bào)告的大致初稿應(yīng)該被編輯以確信所有的資料被正確提及，所有的設(shè)備被列進(jìn)單子，所有的結(jié)果是適當(dāng)詳細(xì)的。做為對(duì)讀者的一個(gè)目的，標(biāo)題至少提出被使用的研究報(bào)告的主要段落，而且所有的資料應(yīng)該在適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題下被提及。在補(bǔ)充提及給讀者各個(gè)段落內(nèi)容的作用上，標(biāo)題加強(qiáng)了這個(gè)報(bào)告的正規(guī)形式和專業(yè)性質(zhì)，而且通過(guò)對(duì)報(bào)告過(guò)程的邏輯的和系統(tǒng)的表達(dá)，強(qiáng)化了作者可信性程度，同時(shí)排除了對(duì)于段落之間冗長(zhǎng)過(guò)渡詞句的需要。
Research data should be presented in a way that places proper emphasis on major aspects of the project. For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some concerned with the results of a research project, and thus the results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problem section and before the procedures section. Other researchers would be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.
研究資料應(yīng)該以一種適當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的主要方面的方式來(lái)展示。對(duì)于不同的讀者不同的方面將具有不同的重要程度，一些讀者關(guān)注一個(gè)研究報(bào)告的結(jié)果，所以結(jié)果段應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)調(diào)，通過(guò)在問(wèn)題段之后和程序段之前適當(dāng)?shù)亓⒓刺峒?。其他的研究者?duì)程序段會(huì)更有興趣，所以在為專業(yè)性期刊上出版或者在專業(yè)性會(huì)議上發(fā)表寫下的研究項(xiàng)目中，這段應(yīng)該突出。對(duì)于沒(méi)有技術(shù)的讀者和聯(lián)邦代理，結(jié)果的復(fù)雜性應(yīng)該是最重要的考慮，并且出于讀者人數(shù)考慮，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)該被放在報(bào)告的討論上。