法國(guó)巴黎是世界文明的藝術(shù)之都，它不僅以秀麗的風(fēng)景吸引著來(lái)自世界各地的人，更以其光彩奪目的藝術(shù)明珠另人心往神迷。這顆明珠就是Louvre，盧浮宮-舉世矚目的藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)……
Louvre, national art museum of France and the palace in which it is housed, is located in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine River. The structure, until 1682 a residence of the kings of France, is one of the largest palaces in the world. It occupies the site of a 13th-century fortress. The building of the Louvre was begun in 1546 in the reign of Francis I, according to the plans of the French architect Pierre Lescot. Additions were made to the structure during the reigns of almost every subsequent French monarch.
* fortress：“堡壘”、“陣地”等意思。盧浮宮建造于13世紀(jì)的一個(gè)堡壘的舊址之上。
* reign：“統(tǒng)治時(shí)期”。盧浮宮是于1546年弗郎西斯一世在位時(shí)開(kāi)始修建的。
* subsequent：“隨后的”、“后來(lái)的”等意思。
* monarch：“君主”、“帝王”。據(jù)法國(guó)建筑師Pierre Lescot的修建計(jì)劃所載，F(xiàn)rancis I以后的每一位法國(guó)君主都對(duì)盧浮宮進(jìn)行了增建。
Under Henry IV, in the early 17th century, the Grand Galerrie, now the main picture gallery, which borders the Seine, was completed. Under Napoleon III a wing on the north side was finished. By the mid-19th century the vast complex was completed; covering more than 48 acres, it is a masterpiece of architectural design and sculptural adornment.
* Grand Galerrie：盧浮宮的大畫(huà)廊。
* wing：本義是“翅膀”，這里指“建筑物的側(cè)翼”。
* complex：“錯(cuò)綜的”、“復(fù)雜的”等意思。這里是名詞用法，表示“結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的建筑物”。
* adornment：“裝飾”、“裝飾物”的意思。盧浮宮結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，占地面積廣，經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才修建完畢。因而，它既是建筑設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的杰出作品，又是雕刻裝飾領(lǐng)域的大手筆。
The nucleus of the Louvre collections is the group of Italian Renaissance paintings among them several by Leonardo da Vinci owned by Francis I, a collector and patron of note. The holdings were significantly enriched by acquisitions made for the monarchy by Cardinal Richelieu and by Cardinal Mazarin, who was instrumental in purchasing works that had belonged to Charles I of England.
* nucleus：nucleus有很多意思，我們熟知的是表示“原子核”、“細(xì)胞核”等。本文里，nucleus則是“核心”、“中心”的意思。Italian Renaissance（意大利文藝復(fù)興）時(shí)的繪畫(huà)是整個(gè)盧浮宮藏品的核心部分。
* patron of note：patron是“贊助人”的意思，note在這里表示“鈔票”。Patron of note就是“資金贊助者”了。
* acquisition：是“獲得物”的意思。許多本來(lái)供奉君王的藝術(shù)品大大豐富了盧浮宮的收藏。
* instrumental：instrument除了表示“樂(lè)器外”，還表示“傀儡”、“受利用的工具”的意思。本文的instrumental就是“有幫助”、“有作用”的意思。
Napoleon deposited in the Louvre the paintings and works of art seized during his European conquests; after his downfall, however, many of these works were restored to their original owners. Since that time increasing numbers of gifts, purchases, and finds brought back from archaeological expeditions have permanently enriched the museum. Among its greatest treasures are two of the most famous sculptures of the ancient world, the Victory of Samothrace and the Venus de Milo, and Leonardo's famous portrait, Mona Lisa. The Louvre also holds works by the other Italian masters Raphael and Titian and paintings by the northern artists Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt. Protection of all the Louvre's priceless masterpieces during the two world wars was effected by their removal to secret depositories outside Paris.
*deposit：這個(gè)詞有很豐富的含意：“堆積、存放、押金、沉淀物”等，這里是指“存放”的意思。拿破侖把他在歐洲戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上掠奪來(lái)的藝術(shù)品都存放在了盧浮宮。
* sculpture：雕刻、雕塑。盧浮宮的雕塑典藏中，最珍貴的當(dāng)數(shù)“勝利女神”和“米洛斯的維納斯”，還有舉世聞名的畫(huà)像《蒙娜麗莎》。盧浮宮還收藏了其他意大利藝術(shù)大師的作品，包括拉斐爾和提香、以及一些北方藝術(shù)家的作品。
盧浮宮藏品豐富，件件稱得上是藝術(shù)珍寶，為歷代帝王以及宮廷藝術(shù)家等所重視。這些藏品分門別類，由專門的部門管理。盧浮宮內(nèi)還有許多藏品目錄和小冊(cè)子，向游人作介紹。隨著藏品的增多，其“領(lǐng)地”也不斷擴(kuò)張……
The collections of the museum are administered by seven curatorial departments. The Department of Egyptian Antiquities was formed in 1826 to study and display the objects brought back to France during Napoleon's campaign in Egypt. The Department of Oriental Antiquities is famed for its collections of Mesopotamian and Islamic art. Other departments include Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities; Objets d'art (including the crown jewels of France); and Drawings and Prints.
* administer：在這里是“掌管”、“料理”、“管理”的意思。
* curatorial：curatorial的原形是curator，意思是“博物館、展覽館的館主”。
* antiquity：“古人”、“古物”的意思。
The Department of Paintings, considered by many scholars the most important in the world, includes several thousand works of the various European schools. Its enormous collection of French paintings ranges from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. Since 1986, however, works of the French impressionists and postimpressionists, many dating from 1848 to 1914 and formerly housed in the Music du Jeu Paume (Tennis Court Museum) adjacent to the Louvre, have been included in the collection of the Music d'Orsay on the left bank of the Seine River.
* impressionist：我們都知道impression有“印象”的意思，impressionnist由此引申而來(lái)，表示“印象派畫(huà)家或作家”。
The museum publishes catalogs and brochures. In addition, it publishes the Revue de Louvre, which contains articles on new acquisitions and provides information on museum projects and on other French museums.
* brochure：“小冊(cè)子”、“印成小冊(cè)子的論文”。盧浮宮本身是一個(gè)博物館，里面有藏品目錄以及介紹性的小冊(cè)子，包括新近藝術(shù)品簡(jiǎn)介、museum projects（博物館建設(shè)計(jì)劃）和其它博物館的信息
In 1993 the Richelieu Wing was opened by President Mitterrand of France. The north wing of the Louvre Palace, formerly occupied by the Ministry of Finance, was vacated and transformed into exhibition areas. This ended the second phase of a project in progress since 1981 that included the addition of the glass pyramid entrance designed by American architect I.M. Pei, an auditorium, galleries for temporary exhibitions, displays on the history of the Louvre, moats of the medieval Louvre, restaurants, shops, and parking facilities.
* vacate：“空出”、“撤離”的意思。盧浮宮的北側(cè)翼原本是由財(cái)政部使用的，后來(lái)騰出來(lái)變成了展覽區(qū)。
* phase：“階段”、“時(shí)期”的意思。
Louvre, national art museum of France and the palace in which it is housed, is located in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine River. The structure, until 1682 a residence of the kings of France, is one of the largest palaces in the world. It occupies the site of a 13th-century fortress. The building of the Louvre was begun in 1546 in the reign of Francis I, according to the plans of the French architect Pierre Lescot. Additions were made to the structure during the reigns of almost every subsequent French monarch.
* fortress：“堡壘”、“陣地”等意思。盧浮宮建造于13世紀(jì)的一個(gè)堡壘的舊址之上。
* reign：“統(tǒng)治時(shí)期”。盧浮宮是于1546年弗郎西斯一世在位時(shí)開(kāi)始修建的。
* subsequent：“隨后的”、“后來(lái)的”等意思。
* monarch：“君主”、“帝王”。據(jù)法國(guó)建筑師Pierre Lescot的修建計(jì)劃所載，F(xiàn)rancis I以后的每一位法國(guó)君主都對(duì)盧浮宮進(jìn)行了增建。
Under Henry IV, in the early 17th century, the Grand Galerrie, now the main picture gallery, which borders the Seine, was completed. Under Napoleon III a wing on the north side was finished. By the mid-19th century the vast complex was completed; covering more than 48 acres, it is a masterpiece of architectural design and sculptural adornment.
* Grand Galerrie：盧浮宮的大畫(huà)廊。
* wing：本義是“翅膀”，這里指“建筑物的側(cè)翼”。
* complex：“錯(cuò)綜的”、“復(fù)雜的”等意思。這里是名詞用法，表示“結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的建筑物”。
* adornment：“裝飾”、“裝飾物”的意思。盧浮宮結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，占地面積廣，經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才修建完畢。因而，它既是建筑設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的杰出作品，又是雕刻裝飾領(lǐng)域的大手筆。
The nucleus of the Louvre collections is the group of Italian Renaissance paintings among them several by Leonardo da Vinci owned by Francis I, a collector and patron of note. The holdings were significantly enriched by acquisitions made for the monarchy by Cardinal Richelieu and by Cardinal Mazarin, who was instrumental in purchasing works that had belonged to Charles I of England.
* nucleus：nucleus有很多意思，我們熟知的是表示“原子核”、“細(xì)胞核”等。本文里，nucleus則是“核心”、“中心”的意思。Italian Renaissance（意大利文藝復(fù)興）時(shí)的繪畫(huà)是整個(gè)盧浮宮藏品的核心部分。
* patron of note：patron是“贊助人”的意思，note在這里表示“鈔票”。Patron of note就是“資金贊助者”了。
* acquisition：是“獲得物”的意思。許多本來(lái)供奉君王的藝術(shù)品大大豐富了盧浮宮的收藏。
* instrumental：instrument除了表示“樂(lè)器外”，還表示“傀儡”、“受利用的工具”的意思。本文的instrumental就是“有幫助”、“有作用”的意思。
Napoleon deposited in the Louvre the paintings and works of art seized during his European conquests; after his downfall, however, many of these works were restored to their original owners. Since that time increasing numbers of gifts, purchases, and finds brought back from archaeological expeditions have permanently enriched the museum. Among its greatest treasures are two of the most famous sculptures of the ancient world, the Victory of Samothrace and the Venus de Milo, and Leonardo's famous portrait, Mona Lisa. The Louvre also holds works by the other Italian masters Raphael and Titian and paintings by the northern artists Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt. Protection of all the Louvre's priceless masterpieces during the two world wars was effected by their removal to secret depositories outside Paris.
*deposit：這個(gè)詞有很豐富的含意：“堆積、存放、押金、沉淀物”等，這里是指“存放”的意思。拿破侖把他在歐洲戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上掠奪來(lái)的藝術(shù)品都存放在了盧浮宮。
* sculpture：雕刻、雕塑。盧浮宮的雕塑典藏中，最珍貴的當(dāng)數(shù)“勝利女神”和“米洛斯的維納斯”，還有舉世聞名的畫(huà)像《蒙娜麗莎》。盧浮宮還收藏了其他意大利藝術(shù)大師的作品，包括拉斐爾和提香、以及一些北方藝術(shù)家的作品。
盧浮宮藏品豐富，件件稱得上是藝術(shù)珍寶，為歷代帝王以及宮廷藝術(shù)家等所重視。這些藏品分門別類，由專門的部門管理。盧浮宮內(nèi)還有許多藏品目錄和小冊(cè)子，向游人作介紹。隨著藏品的增多，其“領(lǐng)地”也不斷擴(kuò)張……
The collections of the museum are administered by seven curatorial departments. The Department of Egyptian Antiquities was formed in 1826 to study and display the objects brought back to France during Napoleon's campaign in Egypt. The Department of Oriental Antiquities is famed for its collections of Mesopotamian and Islamic art. Other departments include Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities; Objets d'art (including the crown jewels of France); and Drawings and Prints.
* administer：在這里是“掌管”、“料理”、“管理”的意思。
* curatorial：curatorial的原形是curator，意思是“博物館、展覽館的館主”。
* antiquity：“古人”、“古物”的意思。
The Department of Paintings, considered by many scholars the most important in the world, includes several thousand works of the various European schools. Its enormous collection of French paintings ranges from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. Since 1986, however, works of the French impressionists and postimpressionists, many dating from 1848 to 1914 and formerly housed in the Music du Jeu Paume (Tennis Court Museum) adjacent to the Louvre, have been included in the collection of the Music d'Orsay on the left bank of the Seine River.
* impressionist：我們都知道impression有“印象”的意思，impressionnist由此引申而來(lái)，表示“印象派畫(huà)家或作家”。
The museum publishes catalogs and brochures. In addition, it publishes the Revue de Louvre, which contains articles on new acquisitions and provides information on museum projects and on other French museums.
* brochure：“小冊(cè)子”、“印成小冊(cè)子的論文”。盧浮宮本身是一個(gè)博物館，里面有藏品目錄以及介紹性的小冊(cè)子，包括新近藝術(shù)品簡(jiǎn)介、museum projects（博物館建設(shè)計(jì)劃）和其它博物館的信息
In 1993 the Richelieu Wing was opened by President Mitterrand of France. The north wing of the Louvre Palace, formerly occupied by the Ministry of Finance, was vacated and transformed into exhibition areas. This ended the second phase of a project in progress since 1981 that included the addition of the glass pyramid entrance designed by American architect I.M. Pei, an auditorium, galleries for temporary exhibitions, displays on the history of the Louvre, moats of the medieval Louvre, restaurants, shops, and parking facilities.
* vacate：“空出”、“撤離”的意思。盧浮宮的北側(cè)翼原本是由財(cái)政部使用的，后來(lái)騰出來(lái)變成了展覽區(qū)。
* phase：“階段”、“時(shí)期”的意思。