我可以用一組中英對(duì)比數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明一下中國(guó)的獨(dú)特的國(guó)情。
Let I compare some statistics about China and UK to illustrate the two dimensions of China.
在GDP總量上，中國(guó)2008年躍居為世界第三，并且將很快上升到第二位，而英國(guó)則降到了世界第6位。但在人均GDP上，中國(guó)只有3000多美元，排第104位，英國(guó)大約46，000美元，是中國(guó)的15倍，排名第20位。這意味著英國(guó)民眾的生活水平比中國(guó)高得多。
-- China’s GDP has ascended to the 3rd place in the world in 2008, and is expected to rise to No 2 in the near future. UK’s ranking came down to No 6. However, in per capita terms, China has only 3,000US$, its world ranking is No 104 while UK has about 46,000US$, 15 times higher, ranking 20th. This means, UK citizens have a much higher living standard.
中國(guó)在商品貿(mào)易上是世界第三大貿(mào)易國(guó)，英國(guó)排第8位。但在服務(wù)貿(mào)易上，英國(guó)排名世界第二，而中國(guó)的服務(wù)業(yè)剛剛起步。
-- In terms of trade, China is the third largest in the world, UK is No. 8. However, UK services trade is No 2 in the world and China is just developing the services sector.
到今年3月底，中國(guó)的外匯儲(chǔ)備是英國(guó)的30倍。全球市值的10家銀行中，中國(guó)占4家，英國(guó)1家，中國(guó)工商銀行的市值可以買兩個(gè)匯豐還要多一些。但是，倫敦是世界金融中心，擁有550家跨國(guó)銀行和170家國(guó)際證券公司，歐洲排名前500位的大公司中，100家總部落戶倫敦。
-- By the end of March, China’s foreign currency reserves are 30 times that of UK. Among the 10 biggest banks in the world, 4 are from China and 1 is from UK. The market value of ICBC (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) can buy two HSBCs and still with a bit of surplus. However, London is a global financial center with about 550 foreign banks and 170 international securities firms. Among the top 500 companies in Europe, 100 set their headquarters in London.
英國(guó)早就進(jìn)入后工業(yè)化社會(huì)，城鎮(zhèn)人口占總?cè)藬?shù)的90%，而中國(guó)還處在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的早期，60%的人口是農(nóng)民。在中國(guó)還有1.35億人每天生活費(fèi)不足1美元。
UK is in a post industrial society and urban residents take up 90% of the population. China is in the early phase of industrialization and urbanization. 60% of the population is rural residents. And 135 million people still live under a dollar a day.
這樣的數(shù)據(jù)還可以列舉很多。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，80%的中國(guó)人不認(rèn)為中國(guó)已經(jīng)是世界強(qiáng)國(guó)。這是毫不奇怪的。中國(guó)人常說(shuō)，家家有本難念的經(jīng)，其中的復(fù)雜性只有家人自己最知曉。在中國(guó)這樣的人口大國(guó)，任何小的困難只要乘以13億就會(huì)成為大難題，任何成就除以13億就變得微不足道。
The list can go on and on. That is why, as survey shows, 80% of Chinese disagree that we have achieved the status of a global power. As an old Chinese saying goes, only the family members can appreciate the complexities and difficulties within the family. The Chinese Premier once remarked: any small problem in China can grow into a huge one if multiplied by 1.3 billion. A big achievement can become too tiny to notice once divided by that number.
那么，中國(guó)的目標(biāo)是什么？中國(guó)人心中的追求又是什么呢？
Then, what is China’s target? What are we trying to achieve?
這個(gè)問(wèn)題不太好一概而論。簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們希望把中國(guó)建設(shè)成為一個(gè)繁榮昌盛、民主法治的國(guó)家，一個(gè)在世界上推進(jìn)和平合作的國(guó)家。
It is hard to generalize. To put in a simple term, we are hoping to develop China into a country with prosperity, democracy and rule of law and a country that works for peace and cooperation in the world.
中國(guó)人所追求的繁榮就是人人居有其所、幼有所教、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)的社會(huì)?，F(xiàn)在，這個(gè)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)不那么遙遠(yuǎn)了。
The Chinese pursuit of prosperity is to enable everyone to have a roof over the head, every child in school, the sick having access to medical care and the elderly taken care of. That is now within grasp.
中國(guó)歷第一次擺脫了饑餓。記得在我上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，人們彼此的問(wèn)候不是“你好嗎”，而是“吃了嗎？”溫飽曾經(jīng)是中國(guó)家庭和中國(guó)政府最關(guān)心的大問(wèn)題。
For the first time in history, people are not dying of hunger in China. Even when I was in college, the greeting words for people meeting each other on the street was not: how are you? But: have you had your meal? Food was the biggest concern of the families and of the government.
但是現(xiàn)在，如果你問(wèn)我女兒這代人“吃了嗎？”，他們會(huì)懷疑你是不是有毛病。我遇到一對(duì)剛剛從上?；貋?lái)的美國(guó)夫婦，他們說(shuō)上海的天際線美得如夢(mèng)如幻。
Now you ask the young people like my daughter: have you had your meal? They would wonder if you have a problem. I met an American couple from the States who just came back from Shanghai and they think the Shanghai skyline is like surreal.
但是中國(guó)的變化不僅僅發(fā)生在上海這樣的大城市，而且發(fā)生在廣大的農(nóng)村地區(qū)。不知道大家有沒(méi)有注意到，從2006年第一天起，中國(guó)政府取消了農(nóng)業(yè)稅。在過(guò)去長(zhǎng)達(dá)2600年漫長(zhǎng)的歲月里，中國(guó)歷代封建王朝和后來(lái)的許多屆政府的主要財(cái)政收入都來(lái)自于農(nóng)民的稅賦。農(nóng)業(yè)稅的取消，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)從農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)邁入了工業(yè)社會(huì)。
But the most significant changes in China in not only in big cities like Shanghai, but in the vast rural China. I wonder how many people noticed that in the first day of 2006 China abolished agricultural tax. For 2600 years the central kingdoms and successive governments mainly depended on taxing the farmers. This move marks the transition of China from an agrarian to industrial society.
2007年，隨著“村村通”項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，中國(guó)絕大多數(shù)的村莊實(shí)現(xiàn)了通電，很多人第一次用上了電燈。中國(guó)有一半的農(nóng)民看不起病，現(xiàn)在農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療保障制度覆蓋了90%的農(nóng)村人口。雖然每人只有區(qū)區(qū)的50元錢，后來(lái)長(zhǎng)到100元錢，但這卻足以讓不少農(nóng)民病有所醫(yī)。
In 2007, the program of extending power supply to every village, many people saw electric light for the first time in their lives. About half of the rural population in China never went into the hospital for economic reasons. A cooperative medical care scheme now covered 90% of rural China. Albeit small, 50 yuan per person to start with and it has grown to 100 yuan now, but it has enabled many farmers to be cared of in sickness.
盡管中國(guó)的發(fā)展還不很平衡，一些農(nóng)村地區(qū)仍然存在貧困的現(xiàn)象，但我們相信，中國(guó)走向繁榮的步伐不會(huì)停止，老百姓的日子會(huì)一年比一年好。
Although the prosperity is not evenly shared and there is still poverty in the countryside, we are confident that the trend of prosperity is going to continue and the people will be better off with each passing year.
講到中國(guó)，就不能不提到中國(guó)的民主政治建設(shè)。世界往往高估中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就，而低估中國(guó)在政治改革和發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主上取得的顯著進(jìn)步。
I can’t talk about China without mentioning the political and democratic development. The world tends to over-estimate the economic progress in China and overlook China’s progress in political reform and socialist democratic development.