Text A scientific attitudes
本課主要單詞
1.attitude n. 姿勢(shì),姿態(tài);態(tài)度,看法
1)The plane was in a nose-down attitude. (飛機(jī)處于俯沖姿態(tài)。)
2)They decided to take an attitude of wait and see to/toward the new policy. (他們決定對(duì)新政策采取觀望態(tài)度。)
3)We should adopt a correct attitude about tests. (對(duì)考試我們應(yīng)抱正確的態(tài)度。)
2.environment n. 環(huán)境,周?chē)鸂顩r,自然環(huán)境
1)A child can easily adjust to changes in the environment. (孩子很容易適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化。)
2)They promised to provide us a good environment for work and rest.(他們?cè)S諾為我們提供良好的工作或休息環(huán)境。)
3)Science offers us total mastery over environment and over our destiny. (科學(xué)賦予我們控制環(huán)境掌握命運(yùn)的能力。)
4)He grew up in an environment of poverty. (他在貧窮的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大。)
environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)
environmental pollution 環(huán)境污染
environmental biology 環(huán)境生物學(xué),生態(tài)學(xué)
environmental engineer 環(huán)境工程師
3.curiosity n. 好奇(心) curious adj. 好奇的;離奇古怪的
1)He walked to the silent old man out of curiosity. (出于好奇,他向那位沉默寡言的老人走去。)
2)She showed great curiosity about my past. (她對(duì)我的過(guò)去顯示出莫大的好奇。)
3)Children are curious about everything. (兒童對(duì)什么都感到好奇。)
4)Not long after they left, a curious thing happened. (他們走后不久,一件古怪的事情發(fā)生了。)
4.imagination n. 想像,想像力;幻覺(jué);應(yīng)變能力
imagine v. 想像;料想
1)He is a writer of rich imagination. (他是一個(gè)富有想像力的作家。)
2)No one moved in the bushes, it was only your imagination. (沒(méi)人在樹(shù)叢里走動(dòng),只是你的幻覺(jué)而已。)
3)Due to his lack of imagination, he just didn't know what to do next.(由于缺少應(yīng)變能力,他不知道下一步該怎么辦。)
4)It is hard to imagine life with electricity. (很難想像沒(méi)有電,生活會(huì)是怎樣。)
5)I imagine he will come tomorrow. (我料想他明天會(huì)來(lái)。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別下面三個(gè)形容詞imaginative,imaginary,imaginable
1)It is an imaginative tale. (這是個(gè)虛構(gòu)的故事。)
2)The teacher is waiting for imaginative answer. (老師正等待著具有豐富想像力的回答。)
3)The equator is an imaginary circle around the earth. (赤道即假想的環(huán)繞地球的大圓。)
4)an imaginary enemy (假想敵)
5)They said they would save the patient by every means imaginable.(他們說(shuō)他們會(huì)用盡一切想得出的方法搶救病人。)
(imaginable 常與高級(jí)形容詞或all,every,only等連用,放在被修飾的名詞的后面。)
5.apart adv. 分離,分開(kāi)
1)The two schools are 20 miles apart. (兩校相距20英里。)
2)I cannot tell these two things apart. (我無(wú)從區(qū)分這兩件東西。)
3)Apart from what he mentioned just now, there are some other causes for the failure.(除了他剛才提到的,還有一些其他的失敗原因。)
4)He took the machine apart to see what was wrong. (他把機(jī)器拆開(kāi),看看出了什么毛病。)
6.stimulate v. 刺激,激勵(lì)
stimulation n. 刺激,激勵(lì)
1)Praise stimulated the students to make greater efforts. (表?yè)P(yáng)激勵(lì)學(xué)生作更大的努力。)
2)Exercise stimulates the flow of blood. (鍛練促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)。)
3)TV, if properly used, can stimulate a child's imagination. (電視如果使用適當(dāng)能激發(fā)孩子的想像力。)
4)The intention of lowering interest rates is to stimulate the economy and develop industries.(降低利率的打算是為了刺激經(jīng)濟(jì),發(fā)展工業(yè)。)
5)Young children needs stimulation. (年幼的孩子需要激勵(lì)。)
7.regardless adj. 不留心的,不注意的 adv. 不顧,不惜
1)He crushed the bloom with regardless tread. (他毫不在意一腳踐踏了鮮花。)
2)There may be difficulties but I shall carry on regardless.(可能會(huì)遇到種種困難,但不管怎樣,我將繼續(xù)干下去。)
3)I'm buying the book, regardless of the cost. (不管價(jià)錢(qián)如何,我都打算買(mǎi)下那本書(shū)。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別regardless of 和in spite of
1)The plane will take off, regardless of the weather. (不管天氣好壞,飛機(jī)都將起飛。)
2)The plane took off in spite of the bad weather. (盡管天氣不好,飛機(jī)還是起飛了。)
8.disagreeable adj. 讓人不愉快的,不合心意的;難相處的
disagree v. 不同意;不符;不適宜
1)She is disagreeable towards me. (她對(duì)我不友好。)
2)This medicine has a very disagreeable smell. (這藥有一股很難聞的氣味。)
3)I disagree with you on that point. (在那一點(diǎn)上我跟你意見(jiàn)不同。)
4)The damp weather disagrees with me. (潮濕的天氣使我不舒服。)
9.failure n. 失??;變?nèi)?BR> fail v. 失??;變?nèi)酰皇故?BR> 1)His plans ended in failure. (他的計(jì)劃以失敗告終。)
2)The power failure caused heavy losses. (供電中斷造成嚴(yán)重的損失。)
3)His carelessness resulted in his failure of the exam. (他的粗心致使他考試不及格。)
4)I failed in persuading him. (我沒(méi)能說(shuō)服他。)
5)His eyesight is failing. (他的視力在衰退。)
6)His courage failed him. (他失去了勇氣。)
10.solution n. 解決辦法
solve v. 解決
1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借貸只能暫時(shí)解決這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。)
2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (經(jīng)過(guò)一天的仔細(xì)考慮,他才想出一個(gè)好辦法。)
3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我們應(yīng)該一起解決我們國(guó)家的問(wèn)題。)
4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他們找到了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的新辦法。)
(請(qǐng)注意用solution這個(gè)名詞時(shí),通常用a solution to a problem表示“問(wèn)題的解決辦法?!?。)
11.adapt v. 使適應(yīng),使適合;改寫(xiě)
1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我們應(yīng)該使自己的思想適應(yīng)新的情況。)
2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment.(一些動(dòng)物改變它們的習(xí)性以適應(yīng)環(huán)境。)
3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想適應(yīng)新的生活方式嗎?)
4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他們把小說(shuō)改編為電影。)
請(qǐng)注意adapt 和adopt的區(qū)別,adopt意為“采用;收養(yǎng)”。
1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他們準(zhǔn)備采用新的養(yǎng)蠶技術(shù)。)
2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一個(gè)小女孩被收養(yǎng)為家庭一員。)
12.perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善
1)He speaks perfect English. (他說(shuō)一口地道的英語(yǔ)。)
2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由這位演員擔(dān)任這一角色再理想不過(guò)了。)
3)He is in perfect health. (他身體十分健康。)
4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是個(gè)完全陌生的人。)
5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他們決定把兒子送到英國(guó)去提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。)
13.acceptable adj. 可以接受的
accept v. 接受
1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (這個(gè)建議大家都能接受。)
2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (湯姆在測(cè)驗(yàn)中的分?jǐn)?shù)尚可。)
3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (別以為在電視上看到的一切都是真實(shí)的。)
4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我沒(méi)指望他接受我的建議。)
5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (這個(gè)計(jì)劃受到了人們的普通歡迎。)
6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地點(diǎn)頭表示贊同。)
14.evidence n. 發(fā)現(xiàn);(調(diào)查或研究)結(jié)果;根據(jù)
evident adj. 明顯的
1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你這樣說(shuō)有任何根據(jù)嗎?)
2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (跡象表明有人一直住在這兒。)
3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (顯然,我們彼此不了解。)
4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他帶著明顯的失望說(shuō)話(huà)。)
5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best.(我們有充分的證據(jù)說(shuō)明他們的工作是好的。)
15.determine v. 決定;確定
determined adj. 下決心的
determination n. 決心;結(jié)論
1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已決定了行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。)
2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事實(shí)。)
3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父親決心戒煙。)
4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化驗(yàn)報(bào)告后下了結(jié)論。)
5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是個(gè)有決斷力的人。)
16.growth n. 生長(zhǎng)
grow v. 生長(zhǎng)
1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展實(shí)在令人驚異。)
2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems.(世界人口的迅速發(fā)展帶來(lái)了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題。)
3)His hair has grown too long. (他的頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)得太長(zhǎng)了。)
4)Friendship grew between them. (他們之間產(chǎn)生了友情。)
5)You will grow used to it. (你會(huì)漸漸對(duì)此習(xí)慣的。)
本課主要構(gòu)詞法
Affixation 詞綴法
1.形容詞后綴 -able
disagreeable acceptable
2.副詞后綴 -ly
scientifically previously entirely frequently
3.名詞后綴 -ion
imagination solution
4.反義詞前綴 un-
unknown unpleasant
本課簡(jiǎn)介
在“Scientific Attitudes”這篇課文中,作者指出科學(xué)始于人類(lèi)對(duì)周?chē)h(huán)境的疑問(wèn)。當(dāng)人類(lèi)具有去偽存真的能力時(shí),科學(xué)也開(kāi)始迅猛發(fā)展。好奇和想像是有助于推動(dòng)科學(xué) 發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)展重要素質(zhì)。作者還認(rèn)為具有科學(xué)頭腦的人相信“因果”關(guān)系。任何現(xiàn)象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。思想開(kāi)放、無(wú)偏見(jiàn);尊重別人的觀點(diǎn);凡 事以事實(shí)為依據(jù)都是科學(xué)的態(tài)度。
人物背景
1.Benjamin Franklin:富蘭克林(1706-1790年),美國(guó)政治家及科學(xué)家。美國(guó)18世紀(jì)名列華盛頓后的的人物,參加起草獨(dú)立宣言。在科學(xué)方面進(jìn)行 過(guò)有名的電實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)電做了理論說(shuō)明。只受過(guò)極短的正規(guī)教育,全靠勤奮自學(xué)成才。法國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家杜爾哥頌揚(yáng)他“從天空抓到雷電,從專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治者手中奪回權(quán) 力”。
2.Thomas Edison:愛(ài)迪生(1847-1931年),美國(guó)發(fā)明家。技術(shù)歷史中顯著的天才之一,擁有白熾燈、留聲機(jī)、電影放映機(jī)等1093種發(fā)明專(zhuān)利,還創(chuàng)辦了世界上第一個(gè)工業(yè)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理學(xué)家及天文學(xué)家。對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)思想的發(fā)展作出過(guò)重大貢獻(xiàn)。早用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察天體,并曾用大量事實(shí)證明地球環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn),否定地心說(shuō)。
4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法國(guó)化學(xué)家及微生物學(xué)家。證明發(fā)酵及傳染病是微生物引起的,創(chuàng)始并首先應(yīng)用疫苗接種以預(yù)防狂犬病、雞霍亂等,挽救了法、英等國(guó)的養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)和啤酒業(yè)。
5.Edward Jenner:金納(1749-1823年),英國(guó)醫(yī)生,牛痘接種法創(chuàng)始人。歷經(jīng)周折使牛痘接種法得以公認(rèn),并傳播到歐美大陸及全世界,使天花的病死率大為下降。
本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1.Science had its beginning when man started asking questions about his environment.
句中的beginning是一個(gè)名詞,意思是“開(kāi)始、開(kāi)端、” 例如:
1)We had too much rain at the beginning of the month. (月初雨水過(guò)多。)
2)He has made a good beginning in the field of publishing. (他在出版領(lǐng)域做出了良好的開(kāi)端。)
在動(dòng)詞start的后面,可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可以用不定式。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果表示有意識(shí)地“開(kāi)始做某事”,多用動(dòng)名詞,否則用不定式更多一些,如:
1)We started working on it in 1999.(我們是1999年開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工作的。)
2)Suddenly it started to rain.(突然下起雨來(lái)。)
2.He sought answers to these and other questions.
本句中的sought是動(dòng)詞seek的過(guò)去分詞。seek answers to…“尋找…答案”,to是介詞,常與answer這類(lèi)名詞連用。例如:
1)The answer to your question is very simple. (你的問(wèn)題答案很簡(jiǎn)單)
2)I haven't found the solution to the problem yet. (我還沒(méi)找到解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法)
3)He couldn't find the key to the door. (他找不到開(kāi)這個(gè)門(mén)的鑰匙)
3.Not all his answer were correct, but at least he did want to know.
Not all his answer were correct 這是一個(gè)部分否定的句子。部分否定一般用下列三種形式表達(dá);
A.主語(yǔ)中有all/both/every/each, etc+否定謂語(yǔ)
B.主語(yǔ)中有not + all /both/every/each, etc+肯定謂語(yǔ)
C.否定謂語(yǔ)+ all /both/every/each, etc
1)All the students are not in the classroom.(學(xué)生們并不都在教室里。)
這句話(huà)相當(dāng)于:Not all the students are in the classroom.
2)Every computer is not of high quality. (并非每一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)都是高質(zhì)量的。)
這句話(huà)相當(dāng)于:Not every computer is of high quality.
3)I didn't see both of them. (我只見(jiàn)到了他們兩個(gè)中的一個(gè)。)
這句話(huà)相當(dāng)于:I only saw one of the two men
… but at least he did want to know. 句子中的did是助動(dòng)詞,隨人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化,用于強(qiáng)調(diào),如
1)He does know the way to the library. (他的確知道去圖書(shū)館的路)
2)I do enjoy pop music. (我的確喜歡流行音樂(lè))
3)They did give us a lot of help. (他們的確幫了我們不少忙)
4.The child wants to take apart a watch to see what makes it work.
句子中“to take apart a watch”是不定式做賓語(yǔ),后面的“to see what makes it work”則是不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的例句:
1)He offered to help me. (他提出要幫助我。)
2)I didn't expect to find you here.(沒(méi)想到在這兒碰到你。)
3)We all want to learn more knowledge. (我們都想學(xué)更多的知識(shí)。)
4)To do it well, you have to make more efforts. (你得更努力,才能做好。)
5)To protect the child, he laid down his life. (為了保護(hù)那個(gè)孩子,他獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。)
6)They ran over to welcome the hero. (他們跑過(guò)去歡迎那位英雄。)
在上述6個(gè)句子中,前3句是不定式做賓語(yǔ),而后3句則是不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。
take apart 的意思是“拆開(kāi)”,如:
1)He took the toy apart but found nothing unusual.(他把玩具拆開(kāi)但沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何異常。)
2)I'll have to take the bike apart to see what is wrong.(我得把自行車(chē)拆開(kāi)看有什么毛病。)
5.He combined his curiosity with imagination and carried out his well-known experiment to show that lightening and electric spark are the same thing.
combine with 是一個(gè)常用詞組,意思為“使結(jié)合;使聯(lián)合”:例如:
1)Experience is fine when it is combined with the right personality. (經(jīng)驗(yàn)與健全的人格相結(jié)合是很好的。)
well-known是一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,意思為“出名的,眾所周知的”,例如:
A well-known film critic (有名的影評(píng)家),a well-known voice (熟悉的聲音)。除了做定語(yǔ)用以外,well-known(或?qū)懗蓋ell known)也可以做表語(yǔ),如:
1)It is well known that excessive drinking and smoking can be harmful to one's health.(眾所周知抽煙喝酒過(guò)多有害健康。)
2)It is well known that education of young people is vital to the future of a country.(眾所周知年輕人的教育對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的未來(lái)至關(guān)重要。)
6.Scientifically minded people believe in a “cause-and effect”relationship
句子中的minded是一個(gè)形容詞,在minded前面常用形容詞或副詞,組成一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,如:a narrow-minded person(一個(gè)心胸狹窄的人),the absent-minded young man(心不在焉的年輕人),open-minded people(思想開(kāi)放的人們),liberally-minded parents(思想開(kāi)明的父母), a politically-minded old man(有政治頭腦的老人)
cause-and-effect是一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,修飾后面的名詞relationship.如此構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn),如:
1)a never-to-be-forgotten moment (永遠(yuǎn)難忘的時(shí)刻)
2)an epoch-making event(劃時(shí)代的大事)
3)a seven-year-old boy(一個(gè)七歲男孩)
4)a wait-and-see attitude(等著瞧的態(tài)度)
7.…there is a good reason why some leaves turn red and others yellow in the fall
句子中的why是一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞,它所引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,請(qǐng)看例句:
1)He didn't give the reason why was absent yesterday (他沒(méi)有提到昨天缺席的理由)
2)The reason why he missed the train was that he got up late (他沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)的原因是他起床晚了)
3)This is the reason why he did it(這就是他做那件事的原因)
有時(shí),我們也會(huì)看到在reason后面用for的情況,用for的時(shí)候,后面只能接名詞,或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),不能接句子,如:
1)I don't know the reason for his absence.(我不知道他缺席的理由)
2)One of the reasons for coming to England was to make money.(到英國(guó)來(lái)的原因之一是掙錢(qián))
3)There is no reason for his poor work.(他的工作干不好是沒(méi)有理由的)
句子中的fall是一個(gè)名詞,意思為“秋天”,例如:
1)I met her again in the fall semester .(我在秋學(xué)期又見(jiàn)到了她)
2)They moved to Washington in the fall of 1998.(一九九八年秋天他們搬到了華盛頓)
8.In cases where the explanation is unknown the scientific point of view is that there is a reason if it can only be discovered
句子中的where 是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾名詞cases,因此,in cases where the explanation is unknown可以譯為“在對(duì)一些的解釋還不為人們所知的情況下。”用關(guān)系副詞 where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句也是很常見(jiàn)的,如:
1)Let's think of a situation where this idiom can be used (我們來(lái)想一個(gè)可以使用這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合)
2)Is there a library around where we can borrow books?(附近有什么圖書(shū)館可以借書(shū)嗎?)
句子中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句和主句中的連系動(dòng)詞連用,結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表詞從句,例如:
1)My idea is that we should do it as soon as possible(我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡早做這件事)
2)It looks that it is going to rain(看起來(lái)天要下雨)
句子中的if…。only 在此表示尚欠缺的條件,if it can only be discovered 可以譯為“ 只是尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)罷了”。
9.This means the ability to face the facts as they are regardless of what one has previously thought.句子中的as是一個(gè)連詞,表示方式,意思是“按照;如同;例如”
1)We must state the facts as they are.(我們必須如實(shí)地陳述事實(shí))
2)Give me the bike as it is, I'll get it repaired (把自行車(chē)照實(shí)給我,我去修理)
Regardless of是一個(gè)常用詞組,意思是“不顧”,例如:
1)Our manager often acts regardless of consequences (我們經(jīng)理做事常常不顧后果)
2)He set out regardless of the heavy snow(他不顧天降大雪出發(fā)了)
10.The worker in science must face facts whether they are pleasant or unpleasant.
whether…or引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“無(wú)論,不管,”例如:
1)Whether you believe it or not it's truth (無(wú)論你信不信,那總是事實(shí))
2)He will be here on time whether he drives or takes the train(不管他開(kāi)汽車(chē)來(lái)還是乘火車(chē)來(lái),他總會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá))
11.Scientists must be able to change their thinking and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered.
adapt 意為“使適應(yīng),使配合”,常指改變以適應(yīng)新的情況,后面常接介詞to, 例如:
1)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment(有些動(dòng)物會(huì)改變習(xí)性來(lái)適應(yīng)環(huán)境)
2)We have to adapt our thinking to the new conditions (我們得使自己的思想適應(yīng)新的情況)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別動(dòng)詞adapt和adopt,在詞匯部分,我們已作了講解。
12.A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable only in the light of what is known at a particular time
in the light of 是一個(gè)常用詞組,意思是“根據(jù),按照;考慮到”,例如:
1)To find truth in the light of science is the only correct way(憑借科學(xué)探求真理是正確的方法)
2)We must apply Marxism in the light of China's specific conditions(我們必須按照中國(guó)的具體情況應(yīng)用馬克思主義)
This should be discussed more fully in the light of the developments in the University(考慮到學(xué)校的發(fā)展,這個(gè)問(wèn)題應(yīng)該討論得更充分一些。)
本課主要詞組
1.seek answers t
2.lay aside
3.be curious about
4.take apart
5.combine with
6.carry out
7.believe in
8.ergardless of
9.whether…or
10.be willing to
11.succeed in
12.in advance
13.adapt to
14.make up one's mind
15.once and for all
16.in the light of
17.respect for
18.come up
19.laugh at
20.change one's mind
21.experiment on
Text B solving problems scientifically
有用的詞和詞組 Useful words and expressions:
1.arouse one's curiosity
Once his curiosity is aroused, he will try every means to make everything clear.
2.first of all
First of all I want to thank you with all my sincerity.
3.arise
New problems will arise when old ones are solved.
4.result from
His failure resulted from his lack of experience.
5.bring about
The new policy has brought about a lot of changes in the rural areas.
6.in need of
I think we will be in need of your help soon.
7.build up
How can I build up my confidence when I meet failures time and again?
8.modify
Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to new environment.
9.check with
I am not sure if these answers check with the key in the teacher's book.
10.turn out to be
His experiment turned out to be a great success.
本課主要單詞
1.attitude n. 姿勢(shì),姿態(tài);態(tài)度,看法
1)The plane was in a nose-down attitude. (飛機(jī)處于俯沖姿態(tài)。)
2)They decided to take an attitude of wait and see to/toward the new policy. (他們決定對(duì)新政策采取觀望態(tài)度。)
3)We should adopt a correct attitude about tests. (對(duì)考試我們應(yīng)抱正確的態(tài)度。)
2.environment n. 環(huán)境,周?chē)鸂顩r,自然環(huán)境
1)A child can easily adjust to changes in the environment. (孩子很容易適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化。)
2)They promised to provide us a good environment for work and rest.(他們?cè)S諾為我們提供良好的工作或休息環(huán)境。)
3)Science offers us total mastery over environment and over our destiny. (科學(xué)賦予我們控制環(huán)境掌握命運(yùn)的能力。)
4)He grew up in an environment of poverty. (他在貧窮的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大。)
environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)
environmental pollution 環(huán)境污染
environmental biology 環(huán)境生物學(xué),生態(tài)學(xué)
environmental engineer 環(huán)境工程師
3.curiosity n. 好奇(心) curious adj. 好奇的;離奇古怪的
1)He walked to the silent old man out of curiosity. (出于好奇,他向那位沉默寡言的老人走去。)
2)She showed great curiosity about my past. (她對(duì)我的過(guò)去顯示出莫大的好奇。)
3)Children are curious about everything. (兒童對(duì)什么都感到好奇。)
4)Not long after they left, a curious thing happened. (他們走后不久,一件古怪的事情發(fā)生了。)
4.imagination n. 想像,想像力;幻覺(jué);應(yīng)變能力
imagine v. 想像;料想
1)He is a writer of rich imagination. (他是一個(gè)富有想像力的作家。)
2)No one moved in the bushes, it was only your imagination. (沒(méi)人在樹(shù)叢里走動(dòng),只是你的幻覺(jué)而已。)
3)Due to his lack of imagination, he just didn't know what to do next.(由于缺少應(yīng)變能力,他不知道下一步該怎么辦。)
4)It is hard to imagine life with electricity. (很難想像沒(méi)有電,生活會(huì)是怎樣。)
5)I imagine he will come tomorrow. (我料想他明天會(huì)來(lái)。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別下面三個(gè)形容詞imaginative,imaginary,imaginable
1)It is an imaginative tale. (這是個(gè)虛構(gòu)的故事。)
2)The teacher is waiting for imaginative answer. (老師正等待著具有豐富想像力的回答。)
3)The equator is an imaginary circle around the earth. (赤道即假想的環(huán)繞地球的大圓。)
4)an imaginary enemy (假想敵)
5)They said they would save the patient by every means imaginable.(他們說(shuō)他們會(huì)用盡一切想得出的方法搶救病人。)
(imaginable 常與高級(jí)形容詞或all,every,only等連用,放在被修飾的名詞的后面。)
5.apart adv. 分離,分開(kāi)
1)The two schools are 20 miles apart. (兩校相距20英里。)
2)I cannot tell these two things apart. (我無(wú)從區(qū)分這兩件東西。)
3)Apart from what he mentioned just now, there are some other causes for the failure.(除了他剛才提到的,還有一些其他的失敗原因。)
4)He took the machine apart to see what was wrong. (他把機(jī)器拆開(kāi),看看出了什么毛病。)
6.stimulate v. 刺激,激勵(lì)
stimulation n. 刺激,激勵(lì)
1)Praise stimulated the students to make greater efforts. (表?yè)P(yáng)激勵(lì)學(xué)生作更大的努力。)
2)Exercise stimulates the flow of blood. (鍛練促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)。)
3)TV, if properly used, can stimulate a child's imagination. (電視如果使用適當(dāng)能激發(fā)孩子的想像力。)
4)The intention of lowering interest rates is to stimulate the economy and develop industries.(降低利率的打算是為了刺激經(jīng)濟(jì),發(fā)展工業(yè)。)
5)Young children needs stimulation. (年幼的孩子需要激勵(lì)。)
7.regardless adj. 不留心的,不注意的 adv. 不顧,不惜
1)He crushed the bloom with regardless tread. (他毫不在意一腳踐踏了鮮花。)
2)There may be difficulties but I shall carry on regardless.(可能會(huì)遇到種種困難,但不管怎樣,我將繼續(xù)干下去。)
3)I'm buying the book, regardless of the cost. (不管價(jià)錢(qián)如何,我都打算買(mǎi)下那本書(shū)。)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別regardless of 和in spite of
1)The plane will take off, regardless of the weather. (不管天氣好壞,飛機(jī)都將起飛。)
2)The plane took off in spite of the bad weather. (盡管天氣不好,飛機(jī)還是起飛了。)
8.disagreeable adj. 讓人不愉快的,不合心意的;難相處的
disagree v. 不同意;不符;不適宜
1)She is disagreeable towards me. (她對(duì)我不友好。)
2)This medicine has a very disagreeable smell. (這藥有一股很難聞的氣味。)
3)I disagree with you on that point. (在那一點(diǎn)上我跟你意見(jiàn)不同。)
4)The damp weather disagrees with me. (潮濕的天氣使我不舒服。)
9.failure n. 失??;變?nèi)?BR> fail v. 失??;變?nèi)酰皇故?BR> 1)His plans ended in failure. (他的計(jì)劃以失敗告終。)
2)The power failure caused heavy losses. (供電中斷造成嚴(yán)重的損失。)
3)His carelessness resulted in his failure of the exam. (他的粗心致使他考試不及格。)
4)I failed in persuading him. (我沒(méi)能說(shuō)服他。)
5)His eyesight is failing. (他的視力在衰退。)
6)His courage failed him. (他失去了勇氣。)
10.solution n. 解決辦法
solve v. 解決
1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借貸只能暫時(shí)解決這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。)
2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (經(jīng)過(guò)一天的仔細(xì)考慮,他才想出一個(gè)好辦法。)
3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我們應(yīng)該一起解決我們國(guó)家的問(wèn)題。)
4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他們找到了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的新辦法。)
(請(qǐng)注意用solution這個(gè)名詞時(shí),通常用a solution to a problem表示“問(wèn)題的解決辦法?!?。)
11.adapt v. 使適應(yīng),使適合;改寫(xiě)
1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我們應(yīng)該使自己的思想適應(yīng)新的情況。)
2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment.(一些動(dòng)物改變它們的習(xí)性以適應(yīng)環(huán)境。)
3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想適應(yīng)新的生活方式嗎?)
4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他們把小說(shuō)改編為電影。)
請(qǐng)注意adapt 和adopt的區(qū)別,adopt意為“采用;收養(yǎng)”。
1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他們準(zhǔn)備采用新的養(yǎng)蠶技術(shù)。)
2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一個(gè)小女孩被收養(yǎng)為家庭一員。)
12.perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善
1)He speaks perfect English. (他說(shuō)一口地道的英語(yǔ)。)
2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由這位演員擔(dān)任這一角色再理想不過(guò)了。)
3)He is in perfect health. (他身體十分健康。)
4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是個(gè)完全陌生的人。)
5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他們決定把兒子送到英國(guó)去提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。)
13.acceptable adj. 可以接受的
accept v. 接受
1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (這個(gè)建議大家都能接受。)
2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (湯姆在測(cè)驗(yàn)中的分?jǐn)?shù)尚可。)
3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (別以為在電視上看到的一切都是真實(shí)的。)
4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我沒(méi)指望他接受我的建議。)
5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (這個(gè)計(jì)劃受到了人們的普通歡迎。)
6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地點(diǎn)頭表示贊同。)
14.evidence n. 發(fā)現(xiàn);(調(diào)查或研究)結(jié)果;根據(jù)
evident adj. 明顯的
1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你這樣說(shuō)有任何根據(jù)嗎?)
2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (跡象表明有人一直住在這兒。)
3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (顯然,我們彼此不了解。)
4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他帶著明顯的失望說(shuō)話(huà)。)
5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best.(我們有充分的證據(jù)說(shuō)明他們的工作是好的。)
15.determine v. 決定;確定
determined adj. 下決心的
determination n. 決心;結(jié)論
1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已決定了行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。)
2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事實(shí)。)
3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父親決心戒煙。)
4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化驗(yàn)報(bào)告后下了結(jié)論。)
5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是個(gè)有決斷力的人。)
16.growth n. 生長(zhǎng)
grow v. 生長(zhǎng)
1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展實(shí)在令人驚異。)
2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems.(世界人口的迅速發(fā)展帶來(lái)了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題。)
3)His hair has grown too long. (他的頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)得太長(zhǎng)了。)
4)Friendship grew between them. (他們之間產(chǎn)生了友情。)
5)You will grow used to it. (你會(huì)漸漸對(duì)此習(xí)慣的。)
本課主要構(gòu)詞法
Affixation 詞綴法
1.形容詞后綴 -able
disagreeable acceptable
2.副詞后綴 -ly
scientifically previously entirely frequently
3.名詞后綴 -ion
imagination solution
4.反義詞前綴 un-
unknown unpleasant
本課簡(jiǎn)介
在“Scientific Attitudes”這篇課文中,作者指出科學(xué)始于人類(lèi)對(duì)周?chē)h(huán)境的疑問(wèn)。當(dāng)人類(lèi)具有去偽存真的能力時(shí),科學(xué)也開(kāi)始迅猛發(fā)展。好奇和想像是有助于推動(dòng)科學(xué) 發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)展重要素質(zhì)。作者還認(rèn)為具有科學(xué)頭腦的人相信“因果”關(guān)系。任何現(xiàn)象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。思想開(kāi)放、無(wú)偏見(jiàn);尊重別人的觀點(diǎn);凡 事以事實(shí)為依據(jù)都是科學(xué)的態(tài)度。
人物背景
1.Benjamin Franklin:富蘭克林(1706-1790年),美國(guó)政治家及科學(xué)家。美國(guó)18世紀(jì)名列華盛頓后的的人物,參加起草獨(dú)立宣言。在科學(xué)方面進(jìn)行 過(guò)有名的電實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)電做了理論說(shuō)明。只受過(guò)極短的正規(guī)教育,全靠勤奮自學(xué)成才。法國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家杜爾哥頌揚(yáng)他“從天空抓到雷電,從專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治者手中奪回權(quán) 力”。
2.Thomas Edison:愛(ài)迪生(1847-1931年),美國(guó)發(fā)明家。技術(shù)歷史中顯著的天才之一,擁有白熾燈、留聲機(jī)、電影放映機(jī)等1093種發(fā)明專(zhuān)利,還創(chuàng)辦了世界上第一個(gè)工業(yè)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理學(xué)家及天文學(xué)家。對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)思想的發(fā)展作出過(guò)重大貢獻(xiàn)。早用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察天體,并曾用大量事實(shí)證明地球環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn),否定地心說(shuō)。
4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法國(guó)化學(xué)家及微生物學(xué)家。證明發(fā)酵及傳染病是微生物引起的,創(chuàng)始并首先應(yīng)用疫苗接種以預(yù)防狂犬病、雞霍亂等,挽救了法、英等國(guó)的養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)和啤酒業(yè)。
5.Edward Jenner:金納(1749-1823年),英國(guó)醫(yī)生,牛痘接種法創(chuàng)始人。歷經(jīng)周折使牛痘接種法得以公認(rèn),并傳播到歐美大陸及全世界,使天花的病死率大為下降。
本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1.Science had its beginning when man started asking questions about his environment.
句中的beginning是一個(gè)名詞,意思是“開(kāi)始、開(kāi)端、” 例如:
1)We had too much rain at the beginning of the month. (月初雨水過(guò)多。)
2)He has made a good beginning in the field of publishing. (他在出版領(lǐng)域做出了良好的開(kāi)端。)
在動(dòng)詞start的后面,可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可以用不定式。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果表示有意識(shí)地“開(kāi)始做某事”,多用動(dòng)名詞,否則用不定式更多一些,如:
1)We started working on it in 1999.(我們是1999年開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工作的。)
2)Suddenly it started to rain.(突然下起雨來(lái)。)
2.He sought answers to these and other questions.
本句中的sought是動(dòng)詞seek的過(guò)去分詞。seek answers to…“尋找…答案”,to是介詞,常與answer這類(lèi)名詞連用。例如:
1)The answer to your question is very simple. (你的問(wèn)題答案很簡(jiǎn)單)
2)I haven't found the solution to the problem yet. (我還沒(méi)找到解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法)
3)He couldn't find the key to the door. (他找不到開(kāi)這個(gè)門(mén)的鑰匙)
3.Not all his answer were correct, but at least he did want to know.
Not all his answer were correct 這是一個(gè)部分否定的句子。部分否定一般用下列三種形式表達(dá);
A.主語(yǔ)中有all/both/every/each, etc+否定謂語(yǔ)
B.主語(yǔ)中有not + all /both/every/each, etc+肯定謂語(yǔ)
C.否定謂語(yǔ)+ all /both/every/each, etc
1)All the students are not in the classroom.(學(xué)生們并不都在教室里。)
這句話(huà)相當(dāng)于:Not all the students are in the classroom.
2)Every computer is not of high quality. (并非每一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)都是高質(zhì)量的。)
這句話(huà)相當(dāng)于:Not every computer is of high quality.
3)I didn't see both of them. (我只見(jiàn)到了他們兩個(gè)中的一個(gè)。)
這句話(huà)相當(dāng)于:I only saw one of the two men
… but at least he did want to know. 句子中的did是助動(dòng)詞,隨人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化,用于強(qiáng)調(diào),如
1)He does know the way to the library. (他的確知道去圖書(shū)館的路)
2)I do enjoy pop music. (我的確喜歡流行音樂(lè))
3)They did give us a lot of help. (他們的確幫了我們不少忙)
4.The child wants to take apart a watch to see what makes it work.
句子中“to take apart a watch”是不定式做賓語(yǔ),后面的“to see what makes it work”則是不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的例句:
1)He offered to help me. (他提出要幫助我。)
2)I didn't expect to find you here.(沒(méi)想到在這兒碰到你。)
3)We all want to learn more knowledge. (我們都想學(xué)更多的知識(shí)。)
4)To do it well, you have to make more efforts. (你得更努力,才能做好。)
5)To protect the child, he laid down his life. (為了保護(hù)那個(gè)孩子,他獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。)
6)They ran over to welcome the hero. (他們跑過(guò)去歡迎那位英雄。)
在上述6個(gè)句子中,前3句是不定式做賓語(yǔ),而后3句則是不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。
take apart 的意思是“拆開(kāi)”,如:
1)He took the toy apart but found nothing unusual.(他把玩具拆開(kāi)但沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何異常。)
2)I'll have to take the bike apart to see what is wrong.(我得把自行車(chē)拆開(kāi)看有什么毛病。)
5.He combined his curiosity with imagination and carried out his well-known experiment to show that lightening and electric spark are the same thing.
combine with 是一個(gè)常用詞組,意思為“使結(jié)合;使聯(lián)合”:例如:
1)Experience is fine when it is combined with the right personality. (經(jīng)驗(yàn)與健全的人格相結(jié)合是很好的。)
well-known是一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,意思為“出名的,眾所周知的”,例如:
A well-known film critic (有名的影評(píng)家),a well-known voice (熟悉的聲音)。除了做定語(yǔ)用以外,well-known(或?qū)懗蓋ell known)也可以做表語(yǔ),如:
1)It is well known that excessive drinking and smoking can be harmful to one's health.(眾所周知抽煙喝酒過(guò)多有害健康。)
2)It is well known that education of young people is vital to the future of a country.(眾所周知年輕人的教育對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的未來(lái)至關(guān)重要。)
6.Scientifically minded people believe in a “cause-and effect”relationship
句子中的minded是一個(gè)形容詞,在minded前面常用形容詞或副詞,組成一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,如:a narrow-minded person(一個(gè)心胸狹窄的人),the absent-minded young man(心不在焉的年輕人),open-minded people(思想開(kāi)放的人們),liberally-minded parents(思想開(kāi)明的父母), a politically-minded old man(有政治頭腦的老人)
cause-and-effect是一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,修飾后面的名詞relationship.如此構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn),如:
1)a never-to-be-forgotten moment (永遠(yuǎn)難忘的時(shí)刻)
2)an epoch-making event(劃時(shí)代的大事)
3)a seven-year-old boy(一個(gè)七歲男孩)
4)a wait-and-see attitude(等著瞧的態(tài)度)
7.…there is a good reason why some leaves turn red and others yellow in the fall
句子中的why是一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞,它所引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,請(qǐng)看例句:
1)He didn't give the reason why was absent yesterday (他沒(méi)有提到昨天缺席的理由)
2)The reason why he missed the train was that he got up late (他沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)的原因是他起床晚了)
3)This is the reason why he did it(這就是他做那件事的原因)
有時(shí),我們也會(huì)看到在reason后面用for的情況,用for的時(shí)候,后面只能接名詞,或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),不能接句子,如:
1)I don't know the reason for his absence.(我不知道他缺席的理由)
2)One of the reasons for coming to England was to make money.(到英國(guó)來(lái)的原因之一是掙錢(qián))
3)There is no reason for his poor work.(他的工作干不好是沒(méi)有理由的)
句子中的fall是一個(gè)名詞,意思為“秋天”,例如:
1)I met her again in the fall semester .(我在秋學(xué)期又見(jiàn)到了她)
2)They moved to Washington in the fall of 1998.(一九九八年秋天他們搬到了華盛頓)
8.In cases where the explanation is unknown the scientific point of view is that there is a reason if it can only be discovered
句子中的where 是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾名詞cases,因此,in cases where the explanation is unknown可以譯為“在對(duì)一些的解釋還不為人們所知的情況下。”用關(guān)系副詞 where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句也是很常見(jiàn)的,如:
1)Let's think of a situation where this idiom can be used (我們來(lái)想一個(gè)可以使用這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合)
2)Is there a library around where we can borrow books?(附近有什么圖書(shū)館可以借書(shū)嗎?)
句子中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句和主句中的連系動(dòng)詞連用,結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表詞從句,例如:
1)My idea is that we should do it as soon as possible(我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡早做這件事)
2)It looks that it is going to rain(看起來(lái)天要下雨)
句子中的if…。only 在此表示尚欠缺的條件,if it can only be discovered 可以譯為“ 只是尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)罷了”。
9.This means the ability to face the facts as they are regardless of what one has previously thought.句子中的as是一個(gè)連詞,表示方式,意思是“按照;如同;例如”
1)We must state the facts as they are.(我們必須如實(shí)地陳述事實(shí))
2)Give me the bike as it is, I'll get it repaired (把自行車(chē)照實(shí)給我,我去修理)
Regardless of是一個(gè)常用詞組,意思是“不顧”,例如:
1)Our manager often acts regardless of consequences (我們經(jīng)理做事常常不顧后果)
2)He set out regardless of the heavy snow(他不顧天降大雪出發(fā)了)
10.The worker in science must face facts whether they are pleasant or unpleasant.
whether…or引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“無(wú)論,不管,”例如:
1)Whether you believe it or not it's truth (無(wú)論你信不信,那總是事實(shí))
2)He will be here on time whether he drives or takes the train(不管他開(kāi)汽車(chē)來(lái)還是乘火車(chē)來(lái),他總會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá))
11.Scientists must be able to change their thinking and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered.
adapt 意為“使適應(yīng),使配合”,常指改變以適應(yīng)新的情況,后面常接介詞to, 例如:
1)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment(有些動(dòng)物會(huì)改變習(xí)性來(lái)適應(yīng)環(huán)境)
2)We have to adapt our thinking to the new conditions (我們得使自己的思想適應(yīng)新的情況)
請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別動(dòng)詞adapt和adopt,在詞匯部分,我們已作了講解。
12.A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable only in the light of what is known at a particular time
in the light of 是一個(gè)常用詞組,意思是“根據(jù),按照;考慮到”,例如:
1)To find truth in the light of science is the only correct way(憑借科學(xué)探求真理是正確的方法)
2)We must apply Marxism in the light of China's specific conditions(我們必須按照中國(guó)的具體情況應(yīng)用馬克思主義)
This should be discussed more fully in the light of the developments in the University(考慮到學(xué)校的發(fā)展,這個(gè)問(wèn)題應(yīng)該討論得更充分一些。)
本課主要詞組
1.seek answers t
2.lay aside
3.be curious about
4.take apart
5.combine with
6.carry out
7.believe in
8.ergardless of
9.whether…or
10.be willing to
11.succeed in
12.in advance
13.adapt to
14.make up one's mind
15.once and for all
16.in the light of
17.respect for
18.come up
19.laugh at
20.change one's mind
21.experiment on
Text B solving problems scientifically
有用的詞和詞組 Useful words and expressions:
1.arouse one's curiosity
Once his curiosity is aroused, he will try every means to make everything clear.
2.first of all
First of all I want to thank you with all my sincerity.
3.arise
New problems will arise when old ones are solved.
4.result from
His failure resulted from his lack of experience.
5.bring about
The new policy has brought about a lot of changes in the rural areas.
6.in need of
I think we will be in need of your help soon.
7.build up
How can I build up my confidence when I meet failures time and again?
8.modify
Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to new environment.
9.check with
I am not sure if these answers check with the key in the teacher's book.
10.turn out to be
His experiment turned out to be a great success.

