Unit1
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
It's plain common sense - the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It's plain common sense, but it's not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.
People might think that the higher a person's level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people's average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.
The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won't make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn't appear to be anyone's heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.
Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling - happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who's happy, who isn't and why. To date, the research hasn't found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.
Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn't mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that's that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.
Notes:
① vice versa 反之亦然
② predisposition 傾向，稟性
1. According to the text, it is true that
[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.
[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.
[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.
[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.
2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by
[A] maintaining it at an average level.
[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.
[C] pursuing it with one's painstaking effort.
[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.
3. The phrase "To date" (Par.4) can be best replaced by
[A] As a result.[B] In addition.[C] At present.[D] Until now.
4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?
[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.
[B] They are independent but existing concurrently.
[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.
[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.
5. The sentence "and that's that" (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad
[A] and the situation cannot be altered.
[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.
[C] but they don't think much about it.
[D] but they remain unconscious of it.
案： A C D B A
譯文
你越覺得幸福，說明你經(jīng)歷的不幸就越少，這絕對(duì)是常識(shí)。這是常識(shí)，但并不正確。最近有研究顯示幸福感和不幸福感并非同一情感的兩面。它們是截然不同的兩種情感，二者共存，各自增減。
人們會(huì)覺得，如果一個(gè)人不幸福感的程度越高，他幸福感的程度就越低;反之亦然。但研究者測(cè)量人的平均幸福感和不幸福感程度時(shí)，往往發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間并沒什么關(guān)聯(lián)。
福感和不幸福感好像愛和恨一樣可以親密共處，這種認(rèn)識(shí)可能對(duì)如何過一種更幸福的生活提供有益的啟示。比如，它說明，改變或規(guī)避那些讓你痛苦的事完全可以讓你少感受一些痛苦，但可能并不會(huì)讓你更快樂。這種看法得到了一系列獨(dú)特研究的佐證，研究表明不幸福感的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭。另外，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福感似乎與遺傳無關(guān)。獲得快樂的能力主要靠自己培養(yǎng)。
心理學(xué)家給了這種情感一個(gè)暫時(shí)的定義--幸福是一種主觀感受。他們也開始發(fā)現(xiàn)誰(shuí)幸福誰(shuí)不幸及其原因。迄今為止，研究尚未找到幸福生活的簡(jiǎn)單定律，但已發(fā)現(xiàn)某些行動(dòng)和態(tài)度似乎會(huì)使人們更接近最渴望的那種感受。
為何不幸比較不受環(huán)境影響?我們感到幸福時(shí)比感到悲傷時(shí)對(duì)他人更熱情并保持更好的關(guān)系。但這不意味著有些人生來悲傷，難以改變。雖然基因可能讓人更容易悲傷，但人也可以用自己的選擇來影響自己的性情。你可以通過自己的行動(dòng)增加幸福感。
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
It's plain common sense - the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It's plain common sense, but it's not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.
People might think that the higher a person's level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people's average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.
The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won't make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn't appear to be anyone's heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.
Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling - happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who's happy, who isn't and why. To date, the research hasn't found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.
Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn't mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that's that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.
Notes:
① vice versa 反之亦然
② predisposition 傾向，稟性
1. According to the text, it is true that
[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.
[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.
[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.
[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.
2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by
[A] maintaining it at an average level.
[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.
[C] pursuing it with one's painstaking effort.
[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.
3. The phrase "To date" (Par.4) can be best replaced by
[A] As a result.[B] In addition.[C] At present.[D] Until now.
4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?
[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.
[B] They are independent but existing concurrently.
[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.
[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.
5. The sentence "and that's that" (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad
[A] and the situation cannot be altered.
[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.
[C] but they don't think much about it.
[D] but they remain unconscious of it.
案： A C D B A
譯文
你越覺得幸福，說明你經(jīng)歷的不幸就越少，這絕對(duì)是常識(shí)。這是常識(shí)，但并不正確。最近有研究顯示幸福感和不幸福感并非同一情感的兩面。它們是截然不同的兩種情感，二者共存，各自增減。
人們會(huì)覺得，如果一個(gè)人不幸福感的程度越高，他幸福感的程度就越低;反之亦然。但研究者測(cè)量人的平均幸福感和不幸福感程度時(shí)，往往發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間并沒什么關(guān)聯(lián)。
福感和不幸福感好像愛和恨一樣可以親密共處，這種認(rèn)識(shí)可能對(duì)如何過一種更幸福的生活提供有益的啟示。比如，它說明，改變或規(guī)避那些讓你痛苦的事完全可以讓你少感受一些痛苦，但可能并不會(huì)讓你更快樂。這種看法得到了一系列獨(dú)特研究的佐證，研究表明不幸福感的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭。另外，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福感似乎與遺傳無關(guān)。獲得快樂的能力主要靠自己培養(yǎng)。
心理學(xué)家給了這種情感一個(gè)暫時(shí)的定義--幸福是一種主觀感受。他們也開始發(fā)現(xiàn)誰(shuí)幸福誰(shuí)不幸及其原因。迄今為止，研究尚未找到幸福生活的簡(jiǎn)單定律，但已發(fā)現(xiàn)某些行動(dòng)和態(tài)度似乎會(huì)使人們更接近最渴望的那種感受。
為何不幸比較不受環(huán)境影響?我們感到幸福時(shí)比感到悲傷時(shí)對(duì)他人更熱情并保持更好的關(guān)系。但這不意味著有些人生來悲傷，難以改變。雖然基因可能讓人更容易悲傷，但人也可以用自己的選擇來影響自己的性情。你可以通過自己的行動(dòng)增加幸福感。