Directions 6
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
在寫作中，審題這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是非常重要的。在圖畫作文中，我們不僅要仔細(xì)審視圖畫，而且還應(yīng)將英文的提綱看清楚。這篇文章配了雙圖，雙圖多是表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，這里是凸顯的先后。提綱包括三個(gè)部分：描寫圖畫、闡釋含義和指出后果，這就了我們文章的結(jié)構(gòu)走向。
Sample:
Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one, a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said, “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered, “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture, a policeman is asking those who were present, “Why didn’t send him to hospital?” The first one said, “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said, “I was hurrying to school.”
It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes, their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers, even their lives.
This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First, when people refuse to take care of the strangers, the danger of accidents will be much higher, because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time, and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second, the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.
If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章最終寫成了四段，結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰。第一段分別描寫了兩副圖畫，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔流暢。注意這一段不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)。
第二段是測(cè)度作者的意圖，共三句話，第一句是一個(gè)經(jīng)典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to... 這句話直指圖畫所揭示的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，后面兩句來(lái)具體說(shuō)明：先說(shuō)許多人千方百計(jì)找理由以逃避幫助他人;然后原因，他們認(rèn)為……注意段中句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是非常重要的。
第三段寫了該現(xiàn)象引起的有害的后果，該段的首句是個(gè)經(jīng)典的模板句，后分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明。第一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明當(dāng)人們不愿意幫助他人時(shí)，事故所造成的危險(xiǎn)就會(huì)大得多，因?yàn)槟菢拥脑捗總€(gè)人能依靠的人(即親人和朋友)是非常有限的。這一點(diǎn)的第二句話是個(gè)難句，展現(xiàn)了很強(qiáng)的句子內(nèi)部的邏輯，希望大家用心。這句話的意思是：每個(gè)人都會(huì)遇到事故，而相互幫助可以避免大部分的事故造成毀滅性的后果。到這里，我們可以看出，思想是由語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的，要想深刻地表達(dá)思想，一定要多模仿、多操練。第二點(diǎn)是從更廣闊的角度去問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明獲得幸福生活的可能性減小了。社會(huì)充滿了自私的人們，獲得成功的社會(huì)成本陡增。
末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果我們想要享受幸福的生活，我們應(yīng)向他人(包括陌生人)伸出援手。
第二段的第二句中的shirk ones responsibility表示“逃避責(zé)任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“緊急情況”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大損害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面臨”。最后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成為一種”。
心得：
1.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次一定要清楚，這是充分理解提綱與圖畫構(gòu)成語(yǔ)境的結(jié)果。
2.學(xué)習(xí)寫作主從復(fù)合句，充分理解句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。通過(guò)本文，重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
典型的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people.
嵌套原因狀語(yǔ)從句的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
Directions 7
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
提綱包含了三個(gè)部分，這篇文章可以分為四段來(lái)寫，其中末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)。真實(shí)寫作中前三段可以與提綱有明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，這樣的安排思路清晰，易于把握。
Sample:
In the pictures, we see clearly a person who claims to begin his grand scheme tomorrow. In the first picture, he claims that he will begin tomorrow because he is not yet well prepared today. In the second picture, when tomorrow really comes, he again says he will begin later because he is not feeling well at the moment.
What can we say at seeing such pictures? We can always find excuses for our mistakes, failures and inaction, but how can we make real progress in our life? We will never ever grow up if we keep on finding excuses instead of looking directly into the matter, analyzing the situation objectively and taking action as soon as possible.
Delay has a lot of bad consequences. In many cases, we will lose the chance to succeed forever. Time is limited, and so are youth and enthusiasm. When we form a plan, we should always try our best to put it into practice immediately. We should not worry about failure, because we can always learn from it. Only if we keep on trying and never stop, will we make progress and eventually turn our dream into reality.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. Without action, a great aim will be nothing more than a castle in the air.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
第一段分別描述了兩幅圖畫，獨(dú)特之處在于首先將兩副圖畫的共同之處提取出來(lái)——描寫一個(gè)人說(shuō)明天就要開始宏偉的計(jì)劃，而后分別描述兩副圖畫的不同之處——這樣做的好處是使段落的條理清晰。
第二段的首句使用了設(shè)問(wèn)句，一下子引起了讀者的興趣，而后自己給出答案——我們總是能為錯(cuò)誤、失敗和無(wú)行動(dòng)找到理由，可是我們又怎能取得進(jìn)步呢?這個(gè)句子中使用了平行的名詞和反問(wèn)句，效果強(qiáng)烈，非常引人注目。該段第三句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，使用instead of強(qiáng)化了對(duì)比關(guān)系——如果一直尋找借口而不是直接查清事實(shí)、客觀分析情況和盡快采取行動(dòng)的話，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法成長(zhǎng)。注意句中否定意義的表達(dá)：
We will not grow up if...
We will never grow up if...
We will never ever grow up if...
在上述三種表達(dá)方式中，我們可以看出，最后一種不僅語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，而且極富韻律。
第三段先說(shuō)了拖延的壞處，而后說(shuō)了我們正確的做法。
最后一段做結(jié)，共兩句話。第一句是引用了歌德的名言，而第二句是反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)——如果沒(méi)有行動(dòng)，偉大的目標(biāo)就只能是空中樓閣。
心得：
要想寫好文章，就要先寫好句子，再寫好段落。文章大的結(jié)構(gòu)的是不難的，關(guān)鍵是寫好單個(gè)的句子后再將它們有機(jī)地組成完美流暢的段落。
第三段就是一個(gè)好的例子，這一段分成兩個(gè)部分，各有三句話，有機(jī)地結(jié)合在了一起。第一句先是講拖延有很多壞處，第二句直接解釋第一句——在很多情況下，我們就永遠(yuǎn)失去了成功的機(jī)會(huì)。注意這句話的寫法，首先，使用in many cases表示“在很多情況下”，顯得客觀，因?yàn)椴皇撬械那樾尉侨绱?。其次，使用forever表示“永遠(yuǎn)”，加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣，并且恰如其分地指出了人生的悲愴，點(diǎn)出了韶華易逝的真諦。第三句是對(duì)第二句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明——時(shí)間是有限的，青春和激情也是如此(句子的后部使用了倒裝)。第四句筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)明我們一旦有了計(jì)劃，應(yīng)當(dāng)全力以赴立即將其付諸實(shí)踐，注意這里使用了immediately，是反過(guò)來(lái)與該段的第一句話進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。第五句說(shuō)明我們不該擔(dān)心失敗，因?yàn)槲覀兛偰軓闹袑W(xué)到東西。末句是以only開頭的倒裝句，說(shuō)明行動(dòng)和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
在寫作中，審題這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是非常重要的。在圖畫作文中，我們不僅要仔細(xì)審視圖畫，而且還應(yīng)將英文的提綱看清楚。這篇文章配了雙圖，雙圖多是表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，這里是凸顯的先后。提綱包括三個(gè)部分：描寫圖畫、闡釋含義和指出后果，這就了我們文章的結(jié)構(gòu)走向。
Sample:
Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one, a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said, “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered, “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture, a policeman is asking those who were present, “Why didn’t send him to hospital?” The first one said, “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said, “I was hurrying to school.”
It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes, their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers, even their lives.
This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First, when people refuse to take care of the strangers, the danger of accidents will be much higher, because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time, and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second, the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.
If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章最終寫成了四段，結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰。第一段分別描寫了兩副圖畫，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔流暢。注意這一段不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)。
第二段是測(cè)度作者的意圖，共三句話，第一句是一個(gè)經(jīng)典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to... 這句話直指圖畫所揭示的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，后面兩句來(lái)具體說(shuō)明：先說(shuō)許多人千方百計(jì)找理由以逃避幫助他人;然后原因，他們認(rèn)為……注意段中句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是非常重要的。
第三段寫了該現(xiàn)象引起的有害的后果，該段的首句是個(gè)經(jīng)典的模板句，后分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明。第一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明當(dāng)人們不愿意幫助他人時(shí)，事故所造成的危險(xiǎn)就會(huì)大得多，因?yàn)槟菢拥脑捗總€(gè)人能依靠的人(即親人和朋友)是非常有限的。這一點(diǎn)的第二句話是個(gè)難句，展現(xiàn)了很強(qiáng)的句子內(nèi)部的邏輯，希望大家用心。這句話的意思是：每個(gè)人都會(huì)遇到事故，而相互幫助可以避免大部分的事故造成毀滅性的后果。到這里，我們可以看出，思想是由語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的，要想深刻地表達(dá)思想，一定要多模仿、多操練。第二點(diǎn)是從更廣闊的角度去問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明獲得幸福生活的可能性減小了。社會(huì)充滿了自私的人們，獲得成功的社會(huì)成本陡增。
末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果我們想要享受幸福的生活，我們應(yīng)向他人(包括陌生人)伸出援手。
第二段的第二句中的shirk ones responsibility表示“逃避責(zé)任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“緊急情況”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大損害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面臨”。最后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成為一種”。
心得：
1.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次一定要清楚，這是充分理解提綱與圖畫構(gòu)成語(yǔ)境的結(jié)果。
2.學(xué)習(xí)寫作主從復(fù)合句，充分理解句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。通過(guò)本文，重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
典型的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people.
嵌套原因狀語(yǔ)從句的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
Directions 7
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
提綱包含了三個(gè)部分，這篇文章可以分為四段來(lái)寫，其中末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)。真實(shí)寫作中前三段可以與提綱有明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，這樣的安排思路清晰，易于把握。
Sample:
In the pictures, we see clearly a person who claims to begin his grand scheme tomorrow. In the first picture, he claims that he will begin tomorrow because he is not yet well prepared today. In the second picture, when tomorrow really comes, he again says he will begin later because he is not feeling well at the moment.
What can we say at seeing such pictures? We can always find excuses for our mistakes, failures and inaction, but how can we make real progress in our life? We will never ever grow up if we keep on finding excuses instead of looking directly into the matter, analyzing the situation objectively and taking action as soon as possible.
Delay has a lot of bad consequences. In many cases, we will lose the chance to succeed forever. Time is limited, and so are youth and enthusiasm. When we form a plan, we should always try our best to put it into practice immediately. We should not worry about failure, because we can always learn from it. Only if we keep on trying and never stop, will we make progress and eventually turn our dream into reality.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. Without action, a great aim will be nothing more than a castle in the air.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
第一段分別描述了兩幅圖畫，獨(dú)特之處在于首先將兩副圖畫的共同之處提取出來(lái)——描寫一個(gè)人說(shuō)明天就要開始宏偉的計(jì)劃，而后分別描述兩副圖畫的不同之處——這樣做的好處是使段落的條理清晰。
第二段的首句使用了設(shè)問(wèn)句，一下子引起了讀者的興趣，而后自己給出答案——我們總是能為錯(cuò)誤、失敗和無(wú)行動(dòng)找到理由，可是我們又怎能取得進(jìn)步呢?這個(gè)句子中使用了平行的名詞和反問(wèn)句，效果強(qiáng)烈，非常引人注目。該段第三句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，使用instead of強(qiáng)化了對(duì)比關(guān)系——如果一直尋找借口而不是直接查清事實(shí)、客觀分析情況和盡快采取行動(dòng)的話，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法成長(zhǎng)。注意句中否定意義的表達(dá)：
We will not grow up if...
We will never grow up if...
We will never ever grow up if...
在上述三種表達(dá)方式中，我們可以看出，最后一種不僅語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，而且極富韻律。
第三段先說(shuō)了拖延的壞處，而后說(shuō)了我們正確的做法。
最后一段做結(jié)，共兩句話。第一句是引用了歌德的名言，而第二句是反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)——如果沒(méi)有行動(dòng)，偉大的目標(biāo)就只能是空中樓閣。
心得：
要想寫好文章，就要先寫好句子，再寫好段落。文章大的結(jié)構(gòu)的是不難的，關(guān)鍵是寫好單個(gè)的句子后再將它們有機(jī)地組成完美流暢的段落。
第三段就是一個(gè)好的例子，這一段分成兩個(gè)部分，各有三句話，有機(jī)地結(jié)合在了一起。第一句先是講拖延有很多壞處，第二句直接解釋第一句——在很多情況下，我們就永遠(yuǎn)失去了成功的機(jī)會(huì)。注意這句話的寫法，首先，使用in many cases表示“在很多情況下”，顯得客觀，因?yàn)椴皇撬械那樾尉侨绱?。其次，使用forever表示“永遠(yuǎn)”，加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣，并且恰如其分地指出了人生的悲愴，點(diǎn)出了韶華易逝的真諦。第三句是對(duì)第二句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明——時(shí)間是有限的，青春和激情也是如此(句子的后部使用了倒裝)。第四句筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)明我們一旦有了計(jì)劃，應(yīng)當(dāng)全力以赴立即將其付諸實(shí)踐，注意這里使用了immediately，是反過(guò)來(lái)與該段的第一句話進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。第五句說(shuō)明我們不該擔(dān)心失敗，因?yàn)槲覀兛偰軓闹袑W(xué)到東西。末句是以only開頭的倒裝句，說(shuō)明行動(dòng)和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。