1. family(家庭),team(隊(duì)),class(班),audience(聽眾)等
其用法特點(diǎn)為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個(gè)體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較:
This class consists of 45 pupils. 這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。
This class are studying English now. 這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語。
2. cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等
其用法特點(diǎn)為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n) 連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:
People will laugh at you. 人們會(huì)笑你的。
The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
For these many cattle were killed. 就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。
注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如:three head of cattle 3頭牛,twenty (head of )cattle 20頭牛。
3. goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等
其用法特點(diǎn)是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如:
Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。
To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的?
4. baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩(shī)), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶),equipment(設(shè)備)等
其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞 (當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?
特別提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩(shī),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機(jī)器。
5. hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))
指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí),為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí),為個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù))。如:
My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長(zhǎng)得很長(zhǎng)了。(D21)
The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。(D23)
6. mankind(人類)
是一個(gè)不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如:
This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項(xiàng)造福人類的發(fā)明。
Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。
特別提醒:mankind 表示“人(類)”時(shí),雖不可數(shù),但有時(shí)卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動(dòng)物。
7. fruit(水果)
作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:
He doesn’t not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country. 他在農(nóng)村種水果。
但是,當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí),它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。體會(huì):
Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。
其用法特點(diǎn)為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個(gè)體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較:
This class consists of 45 pupils. 這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。
This class are studying English now. 這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語。
2. cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等
其用法特點(diǎn)為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n) 連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:
People will laugh at you. 人們會(huì)笑你的。
The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
For these many cattle were killed. 就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。
注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如:three head of cattle 3頭牛,twenty (head of )cattle 20頭牛。
3. goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等
其用法特點(diǎn)是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如:
Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。
To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的?
4. baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩(shī)), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶),equipment(設(shè)備)等
其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞 (當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?
特別提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩(shī),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機(jī)器。
5. hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))
指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí),為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí),為個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù))。如:
My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長(zhǎng)得很長(zhǎng)了。(D21)
The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。(D23)
6. mankind(人類)
是一個(gè)不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如:
This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項(xiàng)造福人類的發(fā)明。
Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。
特別提醒:mankind 表示“人(類)”時(shí),雖不可數(shù),但有時(shí)卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動(dòng)物。
7. fruit(水果)
作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:
He doesn’t not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country. 他在農(nóng)村種水果。
但是,當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí),它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。體會(huì):
Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。