一、縮寫 Abbreviations
規(guī)則1、
在正式寫作中，應(yīng)當(dāng)避免使用縮寫，除非有下述規(guī)則2、規(guī)則3和規(guī)則4的情形。
In formal writing, one should not use abbreviations, except as indicated in rules 2, 3, and 4 below.
例如：
Incorrect: The U.S. Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
Correct: The United States Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
Incorrect: Professor Jonas mentioned several cities that have domestic-partnership ordinances, e.g., New York and San Francisco.
Correct: Professor Jonas mentioned several cities that have domestic-partnership ordinances, including New York and San Francisco.
Incorrect: The Court announced its decision in the case on Oct. 12, 1994.
Correct: The Court announced its decision in the case on October 12, 1994.
規(guī)則2、
如果一個(gè)縮寫的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)非常普遍，在一般用法中已經(jīng)取代了全稱，則可以使用縮寫；但使用此縮寫時(shí)不應(yīng)該使用表示縮寫的英文句號（.）。
When an abbreviation has become so common that it has supplanted the full name in common usage, one may use the abbreviation; however, one should do so without the use of periods.
例如：
Incorrect: The N.A.A.C.P. was the subject of a profile on C.B.S. last week.
Correct: The NAACP was the subject of a profile on CBS last week.
（注： NAACP abbr.National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (美國)全國有色人種協(xié)進(jìn)會(huì)，CBS abbr. （美國）哥倫比亞廣播公司(Columbia Broadcasting System)）
However: The defendant in the case is R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.
請注意，在上面的例子中，字母R和J后面的句號（.）應(yīng)當(dāng)保留，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)縮寫所代表的含義并非廣為人知。一般來說，這樣的縮寫應(yīng)當(dāng)使用全稱；但是在上面的例子中不能用全稱，因?yàn)榭s寫R.J.是公司注冊名稱中使用的。
Notice that in the preceding example, the points after "R" and "J" should be left in, because the meaning of the abbreviation is not sufficiently well known to most readers. Ordinarily, one would replace such an abbreviation with the full terms; however, one can not do so in this case because the legal corporate name involved includes the abbreviation.
規(guī)則3、
當(dāng)使用legal citation時(shí)，一定要按照Bluebook（見譯注）的要求來縮寫。但在行文中提及法院時(shí)，不應(yīng)用縮寫。
When writing legal citations, always use the abbreviations required by the Bluebook. However, when referring to a court in text, do not abbreviate. For example:
例如：
Incorrect: The Ill. Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 Illinois 2d 73, 180 Northeast Reporter 2d 754 (1994).
Correct: The Illinois Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 Ill. 2d 73, 180 N.E.2d 754 (1994).
規(guī)則4、
當(dāng)行文中涉及的公司在其注冊名稱中含有一個(gè)或多個(gè)縮寫時(shí)，如 R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.，應(yīng)當(dāng)保留縮寫；不要把縮寫所代表的全稱全部拼出，除非公司的注冊名稱中已經(jīng)全部拼出，如Exxon Shipping Company。這條規(guī)則適用于所有的公司名稱中，包括Co.， Corp.， Inc.和 Ltd.。
When referring to a corporate entity that has one or more abbreviations as part of its legal name, such as R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc., leave the abbreviations in the name. Do not spell out the abbreviation unless the corporation itself spells it out, which some do (for example, Exxon Shipping Company). This rule applies to all of the various forms of corporate designations, including Co., Corp., Inc., and Ltd.
例如：
Incorrect: McDermott International, Incorporated
Correct: McDermott International, Inc.
參照：
Cross References: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation § 6 (15th ed. 1991).
譯注：The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation
是Harvard Law Review聯(lián)合 Columbia Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and the Yale Law Journal一起出版的關(guān)于如何引用法律文件和期刊的權(quán)威工具書，為法律學(xué)者和實(shí)務(wù)工作者所廣泛使用。
規(guī)則1、
在正式寫作中，應(yīng)當(dāng)避免使用縮寫，除非有下述規(guī)則2、規(guī)則3和規(guī)則4的情形。
In formal writing, one should not use abbreviations, except as indicated in rules 2, 3, and 4 below.
例如：
Incorrect: The U.S. Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
Correct: The United States Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
Incorrect: Professor Jonas mentioned several cities that have domestic-partnership ordinances, e.g., New York and San Francisco.
Correct: Professor Jonas mentioned several cities that have domestic-partnership ordinances, including New York and San Francisco.
Incorrect: The Court announced its decision in the case on Oct. 12, 1994.
Correct: The Court announced its decision in the case on October 12, 1994.
規(guī)則2、
如果一個(gè)縮寫的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)非常普遍，在一般用法中已經(jīng)取代了全稱，則可以使用縮寫；但使用此縮寫時(shí)不應(yīng)該使用表示縮寫的英文句號（.）。
When an abbreviation has become so common that it has supplanted the full name in common usage, one may use the abbreviation; however, one should do so without the use of periods.
例如：
Incorrect: The N.A.A.C.P. was the subject of a profile on C.B.S. last week.
Correct: The NAACP was the subject of a profile on CBS last week.
（注： NAACP abbr.National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (美國)全國有色人種協(xié)進(jìn)會(huì)，CBS abbr. （美國）哥倫比亞廣播公司(Columbia Broadcasting System)）
However: The defendant in the case is R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.
請注意，在上面的例子中，字母R和J后面的句號（.）應(yīng)當(dāng)保留，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)縮寫所代表的含義并非廣為人知。一般來說，這樣的縮寫應(yīng)當(dāng)使用全稱；但是在上面的例子中不能用全稱，因?yàn)榭s寫R.J.是公司注冊名稱中使用的。
Notice that in the preceding example, the points after "R" and "J" should be left in, because the meaning of the abbreviation is not sufficiently well known to most readers. Ordinarily, one would replace such an abbreviation with the full terms; however, one can not do so in this case because the legal corporate name involved includes the abbreviation.
規(guī)則3、
當(dāng)使用legal citation時(shí)，一定要按照Bluebook（見譯注）的要求來縮寫。但在行文中提及法院時(shí)，不應(yīng)用縮寫。
When writing legal citations, always use the abbreviations required by the Bluebook. However, when referring to a court in text, do not abbreviate. For example:
例如：
Incorrect: The Ill. Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 Illinois 2d 73, 180 Northeast Reporter 2d 754 (1994).
Correct: The Illinois Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 Ill. 2d 73, 180 N.E.2d 754 (1994).
規(guī)則4、
當(dāng)行文中涉及的公司在其注冊名稱中含有一個(gè)或多個(gè)縮寫時(shí)，如 R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.，應(yīng)當(dāng)保留縮寫；不要把縮寫所代表的全稱全部拼出，除非公司的注冊名稱中已經(jīng)全部拼出，如Exxon Shipping Company。這條規(guī)則適用于所有的公司名稱中，包括Co.， Corp.， Inc.和 Ltd.。
When referring to a corporate entity that has one or more abbreviations as part of its legal name, such as R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc., leave the abbreviations in the name. Do not spell out the abbreviation unless the corporation itself spells it out, which some do (for example, Exxon Shipping Company). This rule applies to all of the various forms of corporate designations, including Co., Corp., Inc., and Ltd.
例如：
Incorrect: McDermott International, Incorporated
Correct: McDermott International, Inc.
參照：
Cross References: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation § 6 (15th ed. 1991).
譯注：The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation
是Harvard Law Review聯(lián)合 Columbia Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and the Yale Law Journal一起出版的關(guān)于如何引用法律文件和期刊的權(quán)威工具書，為法律學(xué)者和實(shí)務(wù)工作者所廣泛使用。