Terror Laws Cut Resettlement of Refugees
反恐法案削減難民安置數(shù)量
The number of refugees admitted to the United States fell 23 percent this year because of provisions in two antiterrorism laws that have sharply reduced the number of resettled refugees, State Department officials said Wednesday.
美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院官員星期三透露，兩部反恐法案的條款明顯減少了難民安置數(shù)量，這使得今年進(jìn)入美國(guó)的難民下降了23%.
The laws, the USA Patriot Act and the Real ID Act, deny entry to anyone who belongs to or has provided material support to armed rebel groups, even if that support was coerced and even if the armed groups fought alongside American troops or opposed authoritarian governments criticized by the Bush administration.
《美國(guó)愛(ài)國(guó)法》和《真實(shí)身份法案》兩部法案拒絕任何屬于或者為武裝叛亂組織提供物資的人，甚至出于被迫無(wú)奈提供物資或是與美國(guó)軍隊(duì)共同作戰(zhàn)或反抗被布什政府指稱(chēng)的*政府的武裝組織的人員進(jìn)入美國(guó)境內(nèi)。
The provisions have derailed the resettlement of thousands of refugees fleeing the authoritarian government of Myanmar, formerly known as Burma； hundreds of refugees from Vietnam and Laos who fought alongside American troops in the Vietnam War； and dozens of Cubans who supported armed groups opposed to Fidel Castro in the 60's, according to the State Department and the United Nations refugee agency.
根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院和聯(lián)合國(guó)難民署消息，條例致使成千上萬(wàn)的逃離緬甸*統(tǒng)治的難民，成百的曾與美國(guó)軍隊(duì)在越戰(zhàn)中共同戰(zhàn)斗的越南和老撾難民，還有幾十位在60年代支持反對(duì)菲德?tīng)枴たㄋ固亓_的武裝組織的古巴人無(wú)法以難民身份前往美國(guó)。
Many of the refugees were barred from the United States because, under the new laws, they are deemed supporters of terrorist groups, even though the organizations that they support do not appear on the State Department list of designated terrorist groups.
許多難民被禁止進(jìn)入美國(guó)，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)法律，他們被認(rèn)為是恐怖組織的支持者，盡管他們支持的組織并沒(méi)有在美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院認(rèn)定的恐怖組織名單上。
The statutes have broadened the definition of terrorist groups to include any group of two or more people who take up arms against a state, even if the group supports the aims of American foreign policy.
法令擴(kuò)大了恐怖組織的定義，將其延伸到任何包含2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上的人組成的武裝反對(duì)政府的任何組織，即便這一組織支持美國(guó)的國(guó)家外交政策。
A result, State Department officials say, is that administration officials will resettle 41,200 of the 54,000 refugees whom they had expected to admit by the end of the current fiscal year, which ends on Sept. 30. That figure is the lowest since refugee admissions plunged for nearly two years after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
國(guó)務(wù)院官員說(shuō)，行政部門(mén)的官員結(jié)果只能將54000名難民中的41200人妥善安置。這些人原本希望能在9月30日結(jié)束的本財(cái)年末被美國(guó)政府接納。這一數(shù)字是2001年“9·11事件”后2年多來(lái)難民接受數(shù)量持續(xù)下降的最低點(diǎn)。
The State Department can grant waivers for specific populations that have supported armed groups, if they pose no threat to the United States. In May and August, the department issued waivers for Burmese refugees who have supported the Karen National Union, a group that opposes the government in Myanmar.
國(guó)務(wù)院可以豁免一些曾經(jīng)支持過(guò)武裝組織的特定人群，前提是他們不再成為美國(guó)的威脅。在5月和8月，國(guó)務(wù)院豁免了那些曾經(jīng)支持過(guò)克倫族聯(lián)盟的緬甸難民。這一組織一直反對(duì)緬甸政府的統(tǒng)治。
But the laws do not allow waivers for refugees who were combatants, received military training from groups deemed to be terrorist organizations or were members of such groups. State Department officials say a change in the law is required to address those populations. In recent weeks, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has met with lawmakers in the House and Senate to discuss such changes.
但是法律規(guī)定不會(huì)豁免那些作為難民的武裝分子，這些人接受過(guò)被認(rèn)定為恐怖組織的軍事訓(xùn)練或者本身是這些組織的成員。國(guó)務(wù)院官員說(shuō)確認(rèn)這些人的難民身份需要修改法律條文。近幾周以來(lái)，美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿康多莉扎·賴(lài)斯與參眾兩院的立法者會(huì)面商談如何改變現(xiàn)行的法律。
Ellen R. Sauerbrey, an assistant secretary of state, told senators on Wednesday that the antiterrorism provisions had prevented the United States from resettling 9,500 Burmese this fiscal year. Of that group, 1,500 are expected to enter by Sept. 30 under issued waivers.
助理國(guó)務(wù)卿艾倫·R·索爾布雷星期三告訴參議員說(shuō)，反恐條例阻止了美國(guó)政府在這個(gè)財(cái)年安置9500名緬甸難民的機(jī)會(huì)。其中，根據(jù)已經(jīng)簽發(fā)的豁免令，預(yù)計(jì)有1500人在9月30日前進(jìn)入美國(guó)。
“We had anticipated bringing the majority, if not all of those, to the United States,” Ms. Sauerbrey said at a hearing of the Immigration Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
“即便不能完全接收的話，我們預(yù)計(jì)可以接受其中大部分難民，”索爾布雷在參議員司法委員會(huì)移民小組委員會(huì)的聽(tīng)證會(huì)上說(shuō)。
She said the limited waivers meant that the resettlement of many refugees had been indefinitely delayed. In addition to the Burmese, Ms. Sauerbrey pointed to the Cubans and Vietnamese Montagnards.
她說(shuō)，限制豁免意味著許多難民的安置權(quán)將會(huì)被無(wú)限期推遲。除了緬甸人，她指出還有古巴人和越南的山地居民。
“We are eagerly looking forward to expanding resettlement,” she said, “to the degree that we can resolve some of these difficulties.”
“我們非常期盼能夠擴(kuò)大難民安置的范圍，”她說(shuō)，“達(dá)到可以在一定程度上緩解困境的程度?！?BR> Refugee advocacy groups, including Human Rights First and Human Rights Watch, and conservative groups like Concerned Women for America, the National Association of Evangelicals and American Values, say officials are not moving swiftly enough.
包括人權(quán)第一和人權(quán)觀察組織以及一些保守的組織像關(guān)注美國(guó)婦女組織，全美福音派協(xié)會(huì)以及美國(guó)價(jià)值在內(nèi)的難民權(quán)力組織官員說(shuō)，政府官員一直拖拖沓沓。
Representative Joe Pitts, Republican of Pennsylvania, has proposed legislation that would bar only members and supporters of groups designated as terrorist organizations by the State Department.
賓夕法尼亞州代表喬·皮特提議通過(guò)一項(xiàng)僅禁止那些美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院認(rèn)定的恐怖組織的成員和支持者的法案。
But State Department officials say they do not expect any movement on such legislation before Nov. 7.
但是國(guó)務(wù)院官員稱(chēng)在11月7日以前這一立法不可能有什么進(jìn)展。
Many refugee advocates fear that administration officials and members of Congress are delaying action because they do not want to be viewed as easing up on terrorism during an election year.
許多難民權(quán)力支持者擔(dān)心政府官員和國(guó)會(huì)議員采取了拖延的行為，因?yàn)樗麄儾辉敢庠诖筮x年被看作是放松反恐措施。
Michael J. Horowitz, a neoconservative who worked in the White House of President Ronald Reagan and testified at the hearing on Wednesday, said in a statement that it was “inexcusable that for more than two years the administration has dragged its feet” in finding a solution for the refugees who fought alongside Americans in Vietnam.
曾在里根政府工作過(guò)的新保守主義者邁克爾·J·霍洛維茨在星期三的聽(tīng)證會(huì)上作證。在一項(xiàng)聲明中他說(shuō)，解決與美國(guó)一道戰(zhàn)斗過(guò)的越南難民問(wèn)題“2年多以來(lái)政府在這件事情上一直拖拖沓沓，無(wú)所作為，這是不可饒恕的”。
The antiterrorism provisions have also affected 500 asylum seekers in the United States, whose cases have been delayed and has prevented 700 people, who have already been deemed refugees or granted asylum, from becoming permanent residents here for the time being.
反恐條款也影響到了美國(guó)500余名需要收容的人員，他們的案子被一再拖延，而且有700名被確認(rèn)難民身份并準(zhǔn)予收容的人員，但他們目前還不可能有永久居住權(quán)。
Senator Sam Brownback, Republican of Kansas, urged the administration to redouble its efforts on behalf of the Burmese refugees and others who desperately need to resettle. “I know we have a lot security concerns to watch for,” Mr. Brownback said at the hearing. “But there are huge populations that are absolutely persecuted and have no other option.”
堪薩斯州共和黨參議員山姆·布朗巴克代表緬甸難民以及其他急需安置的難民敦促政府加倍努力。“我知道我們有很多安全問(wèn)題需要注意，”布朗巴克在會(huì)上說(shuō)?！暗怯泻芏嗳耸潜黄群Φ模麄儧](méi)有別的選擇。”
反恐法案削減難民安置數(shù)量
The number of refugees admitted to the United States fell 23 percent this year because of provisions in two antiterrorism laws that have sharply reduced the number of resettled refugees, State Department officials said Wednesday.
美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院官員星期三透露，兩部反恐法案的條款明顯減少了難民安置數(shù)量，這使得今年進(jìn)入美國(guó)的難民下降了23%.
The laws, the USA Patriot Act and the Real ID Act, deny entry to anyone who belongs to or has provided material support to armed rebel groups, even if that support was coerced and even if the armed groups fought alongside American troops or opposed authoritarian governments criticized by the Bush administration.
《美國(guó)愛(ài)國(guó)法》和《真實(shí)身份法案》兩部法案拒絕任何屬于或者為武裝叛亂組織提供物資的人，甚至出于被迫無(wú)奈提供物資或是與美國(guó)軍隊(duì)共同作戰(zhàn)或反抗被布什政府指稱(chēng)的*政府的武裝組織的人員進(jìn)入美國(guó)境內(nèi)。
The provisions have derailed the resettlement of thousands of refugees fleeing the authoritarian government of Myanmar, formerly known as Burma； hundreds of refugees from Vietnam and Laos who fought alongside American troops in the Vietnam War； and dozens of Cubans who supported armed groups opposed to Fidel Castro in the 60's, according to the State Department and the United Nations refugee agency.
根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院和聯(lián)合國(guó)難民署消息，條例致使成千上萬(wàn)的逃離緬甸*統(tǒng)治的難民，成百的曾與美國(guó)軍隊(duì)在越戰(zhàn)中共同戰(zhàn)斗的越南和老撾難民，還有幾十位在60年代支持反對(duì)菲德?tīng)枴たㄋ固亓_的武裝組織的古巴人無(wú)法以難民身份前往美國(guó)。
Many of the refugees were barred from the United States because, under the new laws, they are deemed supporters of terrorist groups, even though the organizations that they support do not appear on the State Department list of designated terrorist groups.
許多難民被禁止進(jìn)入美國(guó)，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)法律，他們被認(rèn)為是恐怖組織的支持者，盡管他們支持的組織并沒(méi)有在美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院認(rèn)定的恐怖組織名單上。
The statutes have broadened the definition of terrorist groups to include any group of two or more people who take up arms against a state, even if the group supports the aims of American foreign policy.
法令擴(kuò)大了恐怖組織的定義，將其延伸到任何包含2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上的人組成的武裝反對(duì)政府的任何組織，即便這一組織支持美國(guó)的國(guó)家外交政策。
A result, State Department officials say, is that administration officials will resettle 41,200 of the 54,000 refugees whom they had expected to admit by the end of the current fiscal year, which ends on Sept. 30. That figure is the lowest since refugee admissions plunged for nearly two years after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
國(guó)務(wù)院官員說(shuō)，行政部門(mén)的官員結(jié)果只能將54000名難民中的41200人妥善安置。這些人原本希望能在9月30日結(jié)束的本財(cái)年末被美國(guó)政府接納。這一數(shù)字是2001年“9·11事件”后2年多來(lái)難民接受數(shù)量持續(xù)下降的最低點(diǎn)。
The State Department can grant waivers for specific populations that have supported armed groups, if they pose no threat to the United States. In May and August, the department issued waivers for Burmese refugees who have supported the Karen National Union, a group that opposes the government in Myanmar.
國(guó)務(wù)院可以豁免一些曾經(jīng)支持過(guò)武裝組織的特定人群，前提是他們不再成為美國(guó)的威脅。在5月和8月，國(guó)務(wù)院豁免了那些曾經(jīng)支持過(guò)克倫族聯(lián)盟的緬甸難民。這一組織一直反對(duì)緬甸政府的統(tǒng)治。
But the laws do not allow waivers for refugees who were combatants, received military training from groups deemed to be terrorist organizations or were members of such groups. State Department officials say a change in the law is required to address those populations. In recent weeks, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has met with lawmakers in the House and Senate to discuss such changes.
但是法律規(guī)定不會(huì)豁免那些作為難民的武裝分子，這些人接受過(guò)被認(rèn)定為恐怖組織的軍事訓(xùn)練或者本身是這些組織的成員。國(guó)務(wù)院官員說(shuō)確認(rèn)這些人的難民身份需要修改法律條文。近幾周以來(lái)，美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿康多莉扎·賴(lài)斯與參眾兩院的立法者會(huì)面商談如何改變現(xiàn)行的法律。
Ellen R. Sauerbrey, an assistant secretary of state, told senators on Wednesday that the antiterrorism provisions had prevented the United States from resettling 9,500 Burmese this fiscal year. Of that group, 1,500 are expected to enter by Sept. 30 under issued waivers.
助理國(guó)務(wù)卿艾倫·R·索爾布雷星期三告訴參議員說(shuō)，反恐條例阻止了美國(guó)政府在這個(gè)財(cái)年安置9500名緬甸難民的機(jī)會(huì)。其中，根據(jù)已經(jīng)簽發(fā)的豁免令，預(yù)計(jì)有1500人在9月30日前進(jìn)入美國(guó)。
“We had anticipated bringing the majority, if not all of those, to the United States,” Ms. Sauerbrey said at a hearing of the Immigration Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
“即便不能完全接收的話，我們預(yù)計(jì)可以接受其中大部分難民，”索爾布雷在參議員司法委員會(huì)移民小組委員會(huì)的聽(tīng)證會(huì)上說(shuō)。
She said the limited waivers meant that the resettlement of many refugees had been indefinitely delayed. In addition to the Burmese, Ms. Sauerbrey pointed to the Cubans and Vietnamese Montagnards.
她說(shuō)，限制豁免意味著許多難民的安置權(quán)將會(huì)被無(wú)限期推遲。除了緬甸人，她指出還有古巴人和越南的山地居民。
“We are eagerly looking forward to expanding resettlement,” she said, “to the degree that we can resolve some of these difficulties.”
“我們非常期盼能夠擴(kuò)大難民安置的范圍，”她說(shuō)，“達(dá)到可以在一定程度上緩解困境的程度?！?BR> Refugee advocacy groups, including Human Rights First and Human Rights Watch, and conservative groups like Concerned Women for America, the National Association of Evangelicals and American Values, say officials are not moving swiftly enough.
包括人權(quán)第一和人權(quán)觀察組織以及一些保守的組織像關(guān)注美國(guó)婦女組織，全美福音派協(xié)會(huì)以及美國(guó)價(jià)值在內(nèi)的難民權(quán)力組織官員說(shuō)，政府官員一直拖拖沓沓。
Representative Joe Pitts, Republican of Pennsylvania, has proposed legislation that would bar only members and supporters of groups designated as terrorist organizations by the State Department.
賓夕法尼亞州代表喬·皮特提議通過(guò)一項(xiàng)僅禁止那些美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院認(rèn)定的恐怖組織的成員和支持者的法案。
But State Department officials say they do not expect any movement on such legislation before Nov. 7.
但是國(guó)務(wù)院官員稱(chēng)在11月7日以前這一立法不可能有什么進(jìn)展。
Many refugee advocates fear that administration officials and members of Congress are delaying action because they do not want to be viewed as easing up on terrorism during an election year.
許多難民權(quán)力支持者擔(dān)心政府官員和國(guó)會(huì)議員采取了拖延的行為，因?yàn)樗麄儾辉敢庠诖筮x年被看作是放松反恐措施。
Michael J. Horowitz, a neoconservative who worked in the White House of President Ronald Reagan and testified at the hearing on Wednesday, said in a statement that it was “inexcusable that for more than two years the administration has dragged its feet” in finding a solution for the refugees who fought alongside Americans in Vietnam.
曾在里根政府工作過(guò)的新保守主義者邁克爾·J·霍洛維茨在星期三的聽(tīng)證會(huì)上作證。在一項(xiàng)聲明中他說(shuō)，解決與美國(guó)一道戰(zhàn)斗過(guò)的越南難民問(wèn)題“2年多以來(lái)政府在這件事情上一直拖拖沓沓，無(wú)所作為，這是不可饒恕的”。
The antiterrorism provisions have also affected 500 asylum seekers in the United States, whose cases have been delayed and has prevented 700 people, who have already been deemed refugees or granted asylum, from becoming permanent residents here for the time being.
反恐條款也影響到了美國(guó)500余名需要收容的人員，他們的案子被一再拖延，而且有700名被確認(rèn)難民身份并準(zhǔn)予收容的人員，但他們目前還不可能有永久居住權(quán)。
Senator Sam Brownback, Republican of Kansas, urged the administration to redouble its efforts on behalf of the Burmese refugees and others who desperately need to resettle. “I know we have a lot security concerns to watch for,” Mr. Brownback said at the hearing. “But there are huge populations that are absolutely persecuted and have no other option.”
堪薩斯州共和黨參議員山姆·布朗巴克代表緬甸難民以及其他急需安置的難民敦促政府加倍努力。“我知道我們有很多安全問(wèn)題需要注意，”布朗巴克在會(huì)上說(shuō)?！暗怯泻芏嗳耸潜黄群Φ模麄儧](méi)有別的選擇。”