When most people think of the word “education,” they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers are supposed to stuff “education”.
But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago , is not inserting the stuffing of information into a person ,but rather eliciting knowledge from him. It is the drawing out of what is in the mind.
“The most important part of education,” once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the distinguished Harvard philosopher, “is this instruction of a man in what he has inside him”
So many of the discussions and controversies about the content of education are futile and inconclusive because they are concerned with what should “go into “ the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.
A college student who once said to me , after a lecture, “I spend so much time studying that I don’t have a chance to learn anything,” was briefly expressing his dissatisfaction with the sausage-casing view of education.
He was being so stuffed with miscellaneous facts, with such an indigestible mass of material, that he had no time (and was given no encouragement) to draw on his own resources, to use his own mind for analyzing and synthesizing and evaluating this material.
Education, to have any meaning beyond the purpose of creating well-informed fools, must elicit from the pupil what is latent in every human being-the rules of reason, the inner knowledge of what is proper for men to be and do, the ability to sift evidence and come to conclusions that can generally assented to by all open minds and warm hearts.
Pupils are more like oysters than sausages . The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up. But to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us , if only we knew how to cultivate them with enthusiasm and persistence.
stuff 和 material 的辨析
stuff n. 原料，材料 vt. 填進(jìn)，填滿 stuff …. With sth 把某物塞進(jìn)；be stuffed with 填滿了…；material n. 材料，原料，素材，資料，a. 物質(zhì)的，實(shí)體的，重要的
[用法]：其意為資料、真實(shí)材料時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞。
辨析：material 常用詞，指制造物品所用的具體“原材料”或形成思想的抽象“素材、資料”；Stuff 非正式用詞，不可數(shù)名詞，指某種東西，前面多帶有表示某種材料、物品的修飾語(yǔ)。
[例句]：
Great men are those who see that spiritual is stronger than any material force , that thoughts rule the world.
偉大的人物是那些認(rèn)為精神力量比肉體力量更強(qiáng)大且靠思想統(tǒng)治世界的人。
What’s this sticky stuff on the floor?
地板上這粘糊糊的東西是什么？
作業(yè): (解釋單詞并翻譯段落)
analyze
conclusion
evaluate
flame
generally
ignorant
inner
mass
resource seal
various
練習(xí):
What is the real meaning of Socrates’ words?
A. Education is the process of inserting knowledge into a human being.
B. Education is not only inserting knowledge, but also compressing knowledge.
C. Education intends to extract what are in the students’ mind already.
D. Education is to stuff the students as a sort of animate sausage.
What is the meaning of the word “miscellaneous” in Para.5
A. Different
B. Difficult
C. Various
D. Useless
作業(yè)答案：
analyze 分析,細(xì)查 vt.
conclusion 結(jié)論,推論,結(jié)尾 n.
evaluate 評(píng)估,評(píng)論 vt.
flame 火焰 n.
generally 一般地,普通,廣泛地 ad.
ignorant 不知道,無(wú)知的 a.
inner 內(nèi)部的,里面的 a.
mass n.眾多,大量,群眾 , a. 大量的, v. 聚集
resource 資源,財(cái)力 n.
seal 封條,圖章 n.
various 不同的,多方面的,各種各樣的 a.
翻譯:
如果教育不是為了造就一批博學(xué)的蠢材，如果教育要有所意義，那就必須把人人都潛在的才能從學(xué)生身上發(fā)掘出來——推理的規(guī)則、內(nèi)心明白應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做人和做事，有能力篩選證據(jù)并得出讓所有開朗、熱情的人贊同的結(jié)論。
練習(xí)答案:C，C
But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago , is not inserting the stuffing of information into a person ,but rather eliciting knowledge from him. It is the drawing out of what is in the mind.
“The most important part of education,” once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the distinguished Harvard philosopher, “is this instruction of a man in what he has inside him”
So many of the discussions and controversies about the content of education are futile and inconclusive because they are concerned with what should “go into “ the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.
A college student who once said to me , after a lecture, “I spend so much time studying that I don’t have a chance to learn anything,” was briefly expressing his dissatisfaction with the sausage-casing view of education.
He was being so stuffed with miscellaneous facts, with such an indigestible mass of material, that he had no time (and was given no encouragement) to draw on his own resources, to use his own mind for analyzing and synthesizing and evaluating this material.
Education, to have any meaning beyond the purpose of creating well-informed fools, must elicit from the pupil what is latent in every human being-the rules of reason, the inner knowledge of what is proper for men to be and do, the ability to sift evidence and come to conclusions that can generally assented to by all open minds and warm hearts.
Pupils are more like oysters than sausages . The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up. But to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us , if only we knew how to cultivate them with enthusiasm and persistence.
stuff 和 material 的辨析
stuff n. 原料，材料 vt. 填進(jìn)，填滿 stuff …. With sth 把某物塞進(jìn)；be stuffed with 填滿了…；material n. 材料，原料，素材，資料，a. 物質(zhì)的，實(shí)體的，重要的
[用法]：其意為資料、真實(shí)材料時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞。
辨析：material 常用詞，指制造物品所用的具體“原材料”或形成思想的抽象“素材、資料”；Stuff 非正式用詞，不可數(shù)名詞，指某種東西，前面多帶有表示某種材料、物品的修飾語(yǔ)。
[例句]：
Great men are those who see that spiritual is stronger than any material force , that thoughts rule the world.
偉大的人物是那些認(rèn)為精神力量比肉體力量更強(qiáng)大且靠思想統(tǒng)治世界的人。
What’s this sticky stuff on the floor?
地板上這粘糊糊的東西是什么？
作業(yè): (解釋單詞并翻譯段落)
analyze
conclusion
evaluate
flame
generally
ignorant
inner
mass
resource seal
various
練習(xí):
What is the real meaning of Socrates’ words?
A. Education is the process of inserting knowledge into a human being.
B. Education is not only inserting knowledge, but also compressing knowledge.
C. Education intends to extract what are in the students’ mind already.
D. Education is to stuff the students as a sort of animate sausage.
What is the meaning of the word “miscellaneous” in Para.5
A. Different
B. Difficult
C. Various
D. Useless
作業(yè)答案：
analyze 分析,細(xì)查 vt.
conclusion 結(jié)論,推論,結(jié)尾 n.
evaluate 評(píng)估,評(píng)論 vt.
flame 火焰 n.
generally 一般地,普通,廣泛地 ad.
ignorant 不知道,無(wú)知的 a.
inner 內(nèi)部的,里面的 a.
mass n.眾多,大量,群眾 , a. 大量的, v. 聚集
resource 資源,財(cái)力 n.
seal 封條,圖章 n.
various 不同的,多方面的,各種各樣的 a.
翻譯:
如果教育不是為了造就一批博學(xué)的蠢材，如果教育要有所意義，那就必須把人人都潛在的才能從學(xué)生身上發(fā)掘出來——推理的規(guī)則、內(nèi)心明白應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做人和做事，有能力篩選證據(jù)并得出讓所有開朗、熱情的人贊同的結(jié)論。
練習(xí)答案:C，C