3．現在完成時與過去一般時
(1) I've seen him this morning(還在上午的時間里)
I saw him this morning．(時間已過了上午)
(2) Who's opened the window? (窗戶還在開著)
Who opened the window? (與現在無關，窗戶可能已關上)
(3) Have you ever heard him sing?(他可能不愛唱歌)
Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾聽過他唱歌嗎?他可能是歌唱家)
(4) Have you ever heard of such a thing?(你聽過這種事嗎?)
Did you ever hear of such a thing?(這種事你聽說過嗎?這是一個修辭性問題，表
表示驚異。
(5) What have I done to make you so angry? (對方仍生氣)
What did I do to make you so angry? (暗示某一過去的時間，可能對方已不生
氣了。
(6) How has he done? (他這活干得怎么樣?強調結果)
How did he do it?(他是怎么干這活的?強調干活的方式)
(7) He has lived in NewYork for eight years．(他仍在紐約)
He lived in NewYork for eight years．(他可能不在紐約了)
(8) He has been called a thinker．(強調事實)
He was called a thinker．(他曾被譽為思想家。)
(9) You've heard what I said．(你聽見我的話了。)
You heard what I said．(你是聽見我的話的?？跉鈬绤枺哂懈星樯?
(10) I've lost my pen．(筆還沒找到)
I lost my pen．(筆可能找到了)
(11) He has already been there．(曾去過那里)
He was already there．(當時在那里)
(12) Since I have been ill，my friend has visited me everyday. (生病還在延續(xù))
Since I was ill，my friend has visited me everyday．(病已好了)
(13) Have you slept well?(暗示因疲倦休息后是否好些了)
Did you sleep well?(暗示睡得是否舒服，滿意)
4.過去完成時與一般過去時
(1) I came here after I finished middle schoo1．(兩個動作有間隔)
I came here after I had finished middle schoo1．(兩個動作有間隔，強調先后概念)
(2) I waited till I saw him．
I waited ti11 had seen him．(這兩個句子差別不大，過去完成時更普遍)
(3) We hoped he would come．(我們希望他來。)
We had hoped he would come．(我們本希望他來的。)
(4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did．(指具體一次)
I don't think he sang as well as he had once done．(泛指以前，現在可能不唱了)
(5) Before I came here，I was a soldier．(我來此以前在當兵。)
Before I came here，I had been a soldier．(我來此以前，曾當過兵。)
(6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong．(表示Jim在說話時仍很結實)
Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong．(表示在Jim說話之前曾經很結實)
(7) They were friends for many years．(表示現在還是朋友)
Thev had been friends for many years．(意味這友誼結束了)
(8) He did the work at 6．(強調時間)
He had done the work at 6．(6點工作已做完)
(9) I learned French during my holiday．(強調學了)
I had learned French during my holiday．(強調學會了)
(10) When she sang ,she sat down．(表示唱著坐下)
When she had sung ,she sat down．(表示唱完坐下)
(11) I went to bed when I did my homework．(不明確)
I went to bed when I had done my homework．(作業(yè)做完)
(12) I have lived here since I was a child．(從我長大成人)
I have lived here since I had been a child．(從我孩提時)
5．過去進行時與一般過去時
(1) I read a book yesterday．(書已看完)
I was reading a book yesterday．(書尚未看完)
(2) The guests arrived．(客人已到。)
The guests were arriving．(客人陸續(xù)到達。)
(3) He woke from a dream．(表示全醒)
He was waking from a dream．(表示初醒)
(4) The o1d man died．(已死)
The o1d man was dying．(要死)
(5) John told me about it(告訴我了，我都知道了)
John was telling me about it(跟我談起過，我想了解更多的事情)
(6) They persuaded me to go along with them。(已經說服)
They were persuading me to go along with them．(還在勸說)
(7)The wind blew hard all night．(強調事實)
The wind was blowing hard all night．(強調風刮個不停)
(8) I expected you．I was expecting you．(客氣，表示可能等了很久了)
(9) He knocked at the door．(強調一次性)
He was knocking at the door．(強調多次性)
(1) I've seen him this morning(還在上午的時間里)
I saw him this morning．(時間已過了上午)
(2) Who's opened the window? (窗戶還在開著)
Who opened the window? (與現在無關，窗戶可能已關上)
(3) Have you ever heard him sing?(他可能不愛唱歌)
Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾聽過他唱歌嗎?他可能是歌唱家)
(4) Have you ever heard of such a thing?(你聽過這種事嗎?)
Did you ever hear of such a thing?(這種事你聽說過嗎?這是一個修辭性問題，表
表示驚異。
(5) What have I done to make you so angry? (對方仍生氣)
What did I do to make you so angry? (暗示某一過去的時間，可能對方已不生
氣了。
(6) How has he done? (他這活干得怎么樣?強調結果)
How did he do it?(他是怎么干這活的?強調干活的方式)
(7) He has lived in NewYork for eight years．(他仍在紐約)
He lived in NewYork for eight years．(他可能不在紐約了)
(8) He has been called a thinker．(強調事實)
He was called a thinker．(他曾被譽為思想家。)
(9) You've heard what I said．(你聽見我的話了。)
You heard what I said．(你是聽見我的話的?？跉鈬绤枺哂懈星樯?
(10) I've lost my pen．(筆還沒找到)
I lost my pen．(筆可能找到了)
(11) He has already been there．(曾去過那里)
He was already there．(當時在那里)
(12) Since I have been ill，my friend has visited me everyday. (生病還在延續(xù))
Since I was ill，my friend has visited me everyday．(病已好了)
(13) Have you slept well?(暗示因疲倦休息后是否好些了)
Did you sleep well?(暗示睡得是否舒服，滿意)
4.過去完成時與一般過去時
(1) I came here after I finished middle schoo1．(兩個動作有間隔)
I came here after I had finished middle schoo1．(兩個動作有間隔，強調先后概念)
(2) I waited till I saw him．
I waited ti11 had seen him．(這兩個句子差別不大，過去完成時更普遍)
(3) We hoped he would come．(我們希望他來。)
We had hoped he would come．(我們本希望他來的。)
(4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did．(指具體一次)
I don't think he sang as well as he had once done．(泛指以前，現在可能不唱了)
(5) Before I came here，I was a soldier．(我來此以前在當兵。)
Before I came here，I had been a soldier．(我來此以前，曾當過兵。)
(6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong．(表示Jim在說話時仍很結實)
Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong．(表示在Jim說話之前曾經很結實)
(7) They were friends for many years．(表示現在還是朋友)
Thev had been friends for many years．(意味這友誼結束了)
(8) He did the work at 6．(強調時間)
He had done the work at 6．(6點工作已做完)
(9) I learned French during my holiday．(強調學了)
I had learned French during my holiday．(強調學會了)
(10) When she sang ,she sat down．(表示唱著坐下)
When she had sung ,she sat down．(表示唱完坐下)
(11) I went to bed when I did my homework．(不明確)
I went to bed when I had done my homework．(作業(yè)做完)
(12) I have lived here since I was a child．(從我長大成人)
I have lived here since I had been a child．(從我孩提時)
5．過去進行時與一般過去時
(1) I read a book yesterday．(書已看完)
I was reading a book yesterday．(書尚未看完)
(2) The guests arrived．(客人已到。)
The guests were arriving．(客人陸續(xù)到達。)
(3) He woke from a dream．(表示全醒)
He was waking from a dream．(表示初醒)
(4) The o1d man died．(已死)
The o1d man was dying．(要死)
(5) John told me about it(告訴我了，我都知道了)
John was telling me about it(跟我談起過，我想了解更多的事情)
(6) They persuaded me to go along with them。(已經說服)
They were persuading me to go along with them．(還在勸說)
(7)The wind blew hard all night．(強調事實)
The wind was blowing hard all night．(強調風刮個不停)
(8) I expected you．I was expecting you．(客氣，表示可能等了很久了)
(9) He knocked at the door．(強調一次性)
He was knocking at the door．(強調多次性)