Part II:逗號(hào)原則
在一個(gè)句子的前面如果有內(nèi)容,那么,請(qǐng)記住:
1.不到3個(gè)單詞時(shí),可以用逗號(hào)與后面句子分隔開(kāi)來(lái),也可以不用逗號(hào)分隔,具體情況根據(jù)說(shuō)話人自己確定的停頓語(yǔ)氣長(zhǎng)短來(lái)確定。
示例1:At last (,) he stopped playing the piano .
示例2:Sadly (,) he picked up the broken glass and went into the room.
2.達(dá)到或超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞時(shí),必須用逗號(hào)與后面句子分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。
示例1:In the end, I could not bear it.
示例2:To my surprise, he bought me a ticket!
Part III:1個(gè)main verb原則
理論上講:一個(gè)句子只應(yīng)該有一個(gè)為主的動(dòng)詞(即2)。
但是,實(shí)際運(yùn)用的過(guò)程中,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)句子中有多個(gè)動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)就需要:
標(biāo)記清楚這些動(dòng)詞彼此間的邏輯關(guān)系!
這里的邏輯關(guān)系有兩種情況:
1.并列(即:將這些動(dòng)詞視為地位相同;一般方式為使用and連接)
2.從屬(即:犧牲某個(gè)或某些動(dòng)詞,將其處理成符合從屬關(guān)系的方式,從而確保為主的動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè);一般方式為使用動(dòng)詞三大非謂語(yǔ)形式:動(dòng)詞的ing形式、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式、動(dòng)詞的不定式形式)
并列關(guān)系
示例1:I sat down beside her said nothing.
分析:sat與said之間沒(méi)有標(biāo)記邏輯關(guān)系,錯(cuò)誤!可以添加and,形成并列關(guān)系,即:
I sat down beside her and said nothing.
示例2:I entered the room saw mother sit there wait for me come back.
分析:這里有5個(gè)動(dòng)詞,都沒(méi)有標(biāo)記邏輯關(guān)系,錯(cuò)誤!通過(guò)分析,我們看到:entered和saw可以并列,因?yàn)樗鼈儞碛泄餐?,即:I;sit和wait可以并列,因?yàn)樗鼈儞碛泄餐?,即:mother,但這兩組動(dòng)詞之間就不能再并列了,因?yàn)闊o(wú)法這么做。這就意味著:這句話里的動(dòng)詞有的可以并列,而有的不可以。
示例3:I opened the bag took out some paper and a pen, sat down started take notes.
分析:opened,took out,sat down,started這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞擁有共同的1,即:I,而且都是這個(gè)1直接行使或發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,所以,可以采取并列關(guān)系;但take因?yàn)橛袀€(gè)過(guò)渡層,而且在時(shí)態(tài)上也與其它動(dòng)詞處于不平衡狀態(tài),因此并列處理不合適。
從屬關(guān)系
示例1:I sat down beside her said nothing.
分析:動(dòng)詞關(guān)系混亂,假如想確保sat,則需要犧牲后面的said,即:
I sat down beside her, saying nothing.
假如確保后面的said,則需犧牲前面的sat:
Sitting down beside her, I said nothing.
示例2:To quit smoking, I eat candies .
不定式常常用來(lái)表示目的。
Part IV:一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句號(hào)的原則
理論上講,一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句號(hào),但是,實(shí)際運(yùn)用中會(huì)有幾個(gè)甚至多個(gè)句子擺放在一起共享一個(gè)句號(hào),此時(shí)應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?
答案很簡(jiǎn)單:標(biāo)記清楚這些句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。有兩種:
并列關(guān)系
示例1:I sat down beside her. I said nothing.
變?yōu)椋篒 sat down beside her and I said nothing.
示例2:He asked me a question. I answered him.
變?yōu)椋篐e asked me a question and I answered him.
從屬關(guān)系
1)運(yùn)用各類(lèi)從句,形成主從符合句,主要包括:
狀語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句
主語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句
2)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行從屬方式的處理。此時(shí),部分句子的主要?jiǎng)釉~變成了動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式,致使整體的復(fù)雜句式變成了簡(jiǎn)單句式,主要手段就是按照規(guī)則進(jìn)行了下列三種形態(tài)的變化:
動(dòng)詞的ing形式
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式
動(dòng)詞不定式形式
從屬關(guān)系示例(以狀語(yǔ)從句為例)
示例1:When he asked me a question, I answered him.
示例2:I was so angry that I beat him up!
示例3:If you ask me ‘why’, I will answer ‘because’!
示例4:Since you are not feeling well, just lie down and take a good rest.
示例5:Although I have tried my best, I can’t win her heart.
示例6:Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
示例7:I went out very early in the morning so that I could avoid the rush hour traffic.
在一個(gè)句子的前面如果有內(nèi)容,那么,請(qǐng)記住:
1.不到3個(gè)單詞時(shí),可以用逗號(hào)與后面句子分隔開(kāi)來(lái),也可以不用逗號(hào)分隔,具體情況根據(jù)說(shuō)話人自己確定的停頓語(yǔ)氣長(zhǎng)短來(lái)確定。
示例1:At last (,) he stopped playing the piano .
示例2:Sadly (,) he picked up the broken glass and went into the room.
2.達(dá)到或超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞時(shí),必須用逗號(hào)與后面句子分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。
示例1:In the end, I could not bear it.
示例2:To my surprise, he bought me a ticket!
Part III:1個(gè)main verb原則
理論上講:一個(gè)句子只應(yīng)該有一個(gè)為主的動(dòng)詞(即2)。
但是,實(shí)際運(yùn)用的過(guò)程中,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)句子中有多個(gè)動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)就需要:
標(biāo)記清楚這些動(dòng)詞彼此間的邏輯關(guān)系!
這里的邏輯關(guān)系有兩種情況:
1.并列(即:將這些動(dòng)詞視為地位相同;一般方式為使用and連接)
2.從屬(即:犧牲某個(gè)或某些動(dòng)詞,將其處理成符合從屬關(guān)系的方式,從而確保為主的動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè);一般方式為使用動(dòng)詞三大非謂語(yǔ)形式:動(dòng)詞的ing形式、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式、動(dòng)詞的不定式形式)
并列關(guān)系
示例1:I sat down beside her said nothing.
分析:sat與said之間沒(méi)有標(biāo)記邏輯關(guān)系,錯(cuò)誤!可以添加and,形成并列關(guān)系,即:
I sat down beside her and said nothing.
示例2:I entered the room saw mother sit there wait for me come back.
分析:這里有5個(gè)動(dòng)詞,都沒(méi)有標(biāo)記邏輯關(guān)系,錯(cuò)誤!通過(guò)分析,我們看到:entered和saw可以并列,因?yàn)樗鼈儞碛泄餐?,即:I;sit和wait可以并列,因?yàn)樗鼈儞碛泄餐?,即:mother,但這兩組動(dòng)詞之間就不能再并列了,因?yàn)闊o(wú)法這么做。這就意味著:這句話里的動(dòng)詞有的可以并列,而有的不可以。
示例3:I opened the bag took out some paper and a pen, sat down started take notes.
分析:opened,took out,sat down,started這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞擁有共同的1,即:I,而且都是這個(gè)1直接行使或發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,所以,可以采取并列關(guān)系;但take因?yàn)橛袀€(gè)過(guò)渡層,而且在時(shí)態(tài)上也與其它動(dòng)詞處于不平衡狀態(tài),因此并列處理不合適。
從屬關(guān)系
示例1:I sat down beside her said nothing.
分析:動(dòng)詞關(guān)系混亂,假如想確保sat,則需要犧牲后面的said,即:
I sat down beside her, saying nothing.
假如確保后面的said,則需犧牲前面的sat:
Sitting down beside her, I said nothing.
示例2:To quit smoking, I eat candies .
不定式常常用來(lái)表示目的。
Part IV:一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句號(hào)的原則
理論上講,一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句號(hào),但是,實(shí)際運(yùn)用中會(huì)有幾個(gè)甚至多個(gè)句子擺放在一起共享一個(gè)句號(hào),此時(shí)應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?
答案很簡(jiǎn)單:標(biāo)記清楚這些句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。有兩種:
并列關(guān)系
示例1:I sat down beside her. I said nothing.
變?yōu)椋篒 sat down beside her and I said nothing.
示例2:He asked me a question. I answered him.
變?yōu)椋篐e asked me a question and I answered him.
從屬關(guān)系
1)運(yùn)用各類(lèi)從句,形成主從符合句,主要包括:
狀語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句
主語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句
2)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行從屬方式的處理。此時(shí),部分句子的主要?jiǎng)釉~變成了動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式,致使整體的復(fù)雜句式變成了簡(jiǎn)單句式,主要手段就是按照規(guī)則進(jìn)行了下列三種形態(tài)的變化:
動(dòng)詞的ing形式
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式
動(dòng)詞不定式形式
從屬關(guān)系示例(以狀語(yǔ)從句為例)
示例1:When he asked me a question, I answered him.
示例2:I was so angry that I beat him up!
示例3:If you ask me ‘why’, I will answer ‘because’!
示例4:Since you are not feeling well, just lie down and take a good rest.
示例5:Although I have tried my best, I can’t win her heart.
示例6:Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
示例7:I went out very early in the morning so that I could avoid the rush hour traffic.

