雅思作文必須注意的英漢表述十大區(qū)別(下)2

字號(hào):

九、英語(yǔ)多省略,漢語(yǔ)多補(bǔ)充
    英語(yǔ)一方面十分注重句子結(jié)構(gòu),另一方面又喜歡使用省略。英語(yǔ)省略的類型很多,有名詞的省略,動(dòng)詞的省略,有句法方面的省略,也有情景方面的省略。在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中,英語(yǔ)往往省略前面已出現(xiàn)過的詞語(yǔ),而漢語(yǔ)則往往重復(fù)這些省略了的詞。
    例如:①Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.
    野心不僅是罪惡的根源,同時(shí)也是毀滅的根源。
    ②Reading exercises one’s eyes; Speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.
    閱讀訓(xùn)練人的眼睛,說話訓(xùn)練人的口齒,寫作訓(xùn)練人的思維。
    ④One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
    在考研英譯漢中,省略是一種很常見現(xiàn)象。例如:
    Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
    譯文:因此,究竟是使用測(cè)試,其它種類的信息,還是在特定的情況下兩者都使用,取決于關(guān)于相對(duì)效度的來自經(jīng)驗(yàn)的證據(jù),同時(shí)還取決于成本和可獲得性這樣的因素。
    whether...or...是并列連詞,or前面省略了不定式to use, and upon中間省了動(dòng)詞depends。
    十、英語(yǔ)多前重心,漢語(yǔ)多后重心
    在表達(dá)多邏輯思維時(shí),英語(yǔ)往往是判斷或結(jié)論等在前,事實(shí)或描寫等在后,即重心在前;漢語(yǔ)則是由因到果、由假設(shè)到推論、由事實(shí)到結(jié)論,即重心在后。
    比較:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.
    譯文:由于貴國(guó)政府的提議,才得以這樣快地重新實(shí)現(xiàn)訪問。這使我感到特別高興。
    The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely (不足地,不充分地;一定不,絕不)contested (斗爭(zhēng);比賽).
    譯文:如果一個(gè)民族不能自由地決定其政治地位,不能自由地保證其經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化的發(fā)展,要享受其基本權(quán)利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。這一論斷幾乎是無可置辯的了。