Passage 11 問題解決型（賣文物）
提出問題Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems（提出問題）. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry微不足道的 sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces收藏價值的物品 being sold to the highest bidder指私人收藏者.
提出解決方法：賣文物I would like to make an outrageous憤怒，不合理，奇特，大膽，不道德 (exceeding the limits of what is usual) suggestion that would at one stroke一步到位 (at one stroke: adv.一筆, 一舉) provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market.（主題句） Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results*7. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip控制（=control） on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.
以下兩段提出解決方法的原因一：有些文物價值不高，可以賣
提出的建議的原因You might object that（讓步語氣，預(yù)期反對） professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder*6C. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might（第二次預(yù)期反對） reply everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company（轉(zhuǎn)折）. Theoretically, you may be correct （讓步語氣，直接看后半句）in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong（轉(zhuǎn)折）.
真正提出原因I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus（一般不會專門在地名上出題）, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard, Even precious royal seal impressions known as l’melekh handles have been found in abundance—more than 4,000 examples so far.（多個數(shù)字同時出現(xiàn)，可以不看）
原因二：博物館館藏空間不夠The basements地下室 of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future*2C. There is not enough money even to catalogue*3E the finds; as a result, they cannot be found*3E again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed（遞進語氣）, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.
原因三：可以打擊非法挖掘It would be unrealistic to suggest （又一次預(yù)期反對）that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine秘密的 product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance來歷，出處 was known, and that was dated stratigraphically (stratigraphy: n.地層學(xué), 地層中的巖石組成) by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?（作了一個比較）
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose主題題（寫法性）
(A) an alternative to museum display of artifacts
(B) a way to curb限制，抑制 illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession問題解決型
(C) a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value
(D) the governmental regulation of archaeological sites（B）
(E) a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts
2. The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts（第三、四、五段） are true EXCEPT:
(A) A market for such artifacts already exists.市場存在，因為非法猖獗
(B) Such artifacts seldom have scientific value.（第三段末尾）
(C) There is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts*2C.（第四段開頭）
(D) Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts.（第二個原因）（E）
(E) Such artifacts frequently exceed沒有講過更好還是更壞（慎重對待比較級）in quality those already catalogued in museum collections.
3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements（第二個原因）?
(A) Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.
(B) Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.
(C) Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.
(D) Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.（E）
(E) Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued*3E and thus cannot be located*3E once they are put in storage.
4. The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus (lines 31-34) to emphasize which of the following points?
(A) Ancient lamps and pottery vessels are less valuable, although more rare, than royal seal impressions.（太具體，不能提到例子中的細節(jié)）
(B) Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.是下一段的內(nèi)容（不能用非出題段落的內(nèi)容）
(C) Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable, and therefore could be sold, are available in large quantities.
(D) Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.講例子的目的的時候不能提到例子本身（地名），排除（C）
(E) Illegal sales of duplicate artifacts are wide-spread, particularly on the island of Cyprus.同D（不夠深化，太具體）
5. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.把結(jié)論再說一遍：愿意買官方賣的文物，不愿意賣非法的
(B) The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.
(C) Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.
(D) Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.（A）
(E) Money gained from selling authenticated artifacts could be used to investigate and prosecute illegal excavators.
6. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections（預(yù)期反對） to the adoption of his proposal?
(A) Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.
(B) An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.
(C) Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors*6C.
(D) Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.（C）
(E) Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace.
7. The author implies that which of the following would occur if duplicate artifacts were sold on the open market（作者的主張）?
I. Illegal excavation would eventually cease completely太絕對.
II. Cyprus與本題沒有關(guān)系 would become the primary source of marketable duplicate artifacts.
III. Archaeologists would be able to publish the results*7 of their excavations more frequently than they currently do.
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only（B）
(E) I, II, and III
提出問題Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems（提出問題）. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry微不足道的 sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces收藏價值的物品 being sold to the highest bidder指私人收藏者.
提出解決方法：賣文物I would like to make an outrageous憤怒，不合理，奇特，大膽，不道德 (exceeding the limits of what is usual) suggestion that would at one stroke一步到位 (at one stroke: adv.一筆, 一舉) provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market.（主題句） Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results*7. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip控制（=control） on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.
以下兩段提出解決方法的原因一：有些文物價值不高，可以賣
提出的建議的原因You might object that（讓步語氣，預(yù)期反對） professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder*6C. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might（第二次預(yù)期反對） reply everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company（轉(zhuǎn)折）. Theoretically, you may be correct （讓步語氣，直接看后半句）in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong（轉(zhuǎn)折）.
真正提出原因I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus（一般不會專門在地名上出題）, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard, Even precious royal seal impressions known as l’melekh handles have been found in abundance—more than 4,000 examples so far.（多個數(shù)字同時出現(xiàn)，可以不看）
原因二：博物館館藏空間不夠The basements地下室 of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future*2C. There is not enough money even to catalogue*3E the finds; as a result, they cannot be found*3E again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed（遞進語氣）, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.
原因三：可以打擊非法挖掘It would be unrealistic to suggest （又一次預(yù)期反對）that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine秘密的 product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance來歷，出處 was known, and that was dated stratigraphically (stratigraphy: n.地層學(xué), 地層中的巖石組成) by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?（作了一個比較）
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose主題題（寫法性）
(A) an alternative to museum display of artifacts
(B) a way to curb限制，抑制 illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession問題解決型
(C) a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value
(D) the governmental regulation of archaeological sites（B）
(E) a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts
2. The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts（第三、四、五段） are true EXCEPT:
(A) A market for such artifacts already exists.市場存在，因為非法猖獗
(B) Such artifacts seldom have scientific value.（第三段末尾）
(C) There is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts*2C.（第四段開頭）
(D) Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts.（第二個原因）（E）
(E) Such artifacts frequently exceed沒有講過更好還是更壞（慎重對待比較級）in quality those already catalogued in museum collections.
3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements（第二個原因）?
(A) Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.
(B) Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.
(C) Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.
(D) Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.（E）
(E) Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued*3E and thus cannot be located*3E once they are put in storage.
4. The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus (lines 31-34) to emphasize which of the following points?
(A) Ancient lamps and pottery vessels are less valuable, although more rare, than royal seal impressions.（太具體，不能提到例子中的細節(jié)）
(B) Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.是下一段的內(nèi)容（不能用非出題段落的內(nèi)容）
(C) Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable, and therefore could be sold, are available in large quantities.
(D) Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.講例子的目的的時候不能提到例子本身（地名），排除（C）
(E) Illegal sales of duplicate artifacts are wide-spread, particularly on the island of Cyprus.同D（不夠深化，太具體）
5. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.把結(jié)論再說一遍：愿意買官方賣的文物，不愿意賣非法的
(B) The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.
(C) Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.
(D) Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.（A）
(E) Money gained from selling authenticated artifacts could be used to investigate and prosecute illegal excavators.
6. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections（預(yù)期反對） to the adoption of his proposal?
(A) Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.
(B) An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.
(C) Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors*6C.
(D) Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.（C）
(E) Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace.
7. The author implies that which of the following would occur if duplicate artifacts were sold on the open market（作者的主張）?
I. Illegal excavation would eventually cease completely太絕對.
II. Cyprus與本題沒有關(guān)系 would become the primary source of marketable duplicate artifacts.
III. Archaeologists would be able to publish the results*7 of their excavations more frequently than they currently do.
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only（B）
(E) I, II, and III