When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at， for， however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today， it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult， for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This， in brief， is what the Futurist says： for a century， past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up， till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently， our feelings， thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life， says the Futurist， requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too， if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words， unhampered by stops， or qualifying adjectives， of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them； we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page， and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers： “Pluff！ Pluff！ A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”This， though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry， can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same， no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition： that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this： have we essentially changed？
59. This passage is mainly________.
（A）a survey of new approaches to art
（B）a review of Futurist poetry
（C）about merits of the Futurist movement
（D）about laws and requirements of literature
60. When a novel literary idea appears， people should try to________.
（A）determine its purposes
（B）ignore its flaws
（C）follow the new fashions
（D）accept the principles
61. Futurists claim that we must________.
（A）increase the production of literature
（B）use poetry to relieve modern stress
（C）develop new modes of expression
（D）avoid using adjectives and verbs
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is________.
（A）based on reasonable principles
（B）new and acceptable to ordinary people
（C）indicative of basic change in human nature
（D）more of a transient phenomenon than literature
答案及試題解析
BACD
59.（B）意為：對未來派詩歌的評述。
本文是一篇文學(xué)評論。第一段開門見山地對未來派詩歌進(jìn)行批評，指出，無論未來派詩歌是什么東西——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)是正確的，卻很難將它歸作是文學(xué)作品。第二段簡述了未來派詩歌誕生的基本歷史背景，第三、四段又轉(zhuǎn)入對它的批評。注意第四段第一句對第一段第二句的照應(yīng)。
A意為：對新的藝術(shù)理論的評價。這個選擇項表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過泛，缺乏針對性。
C意為：有關(guān)未來主義運(yùn)動的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
D意為：有關(guān)文學(xué)（創(chuàng)作）的法則和要求。這個選擇項表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過泛，缺乏針對性。
60.（A）意為：確認(rèn)其目的。
第一段第一句指出，每當(dāng)一個新藝術(shù)思潮達(dá)到一定流行程度時，（在評價它之前）好先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因為，無論其（創(chuàng)作）原則在今天看來可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是在未來它也許會被看做是正常的東西。
B意為：忽視其缺陷。
C意為：追隨這些新思潮。
D意為：接受其（創(chuàng)作）原則。
61.（C）意為：挖掘新的表達(dá)方式。
第二段簡述了未來派詩歌誕生的基本歷史背果。未來派認(rèn)為，一個世紀(jì)以來，生活狀況一直在有條件地加速發(fā)展，以致我們今天生活在一個喧鬧、暴力和迅變的世界里，結(jié)果，我們的感覺、思想和情感經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來派認(rèn)為，這種生活（節(jié)奏）的加快需要一種新的表達(dá)方式（與之相適應(yīng)）。
A意為：增加文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作（數(shù)量）。第二段第四句指出，為了詮釋當(dāng)今世界的（生活）壓力，我們必須加快文學(xué)的創(chuàng)作。這里所說的speed up our literature的具體內(nèi)容包括下兩句提到的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作方法，并非指加大文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作數(shù)量。
B意為：用詩歌來化解當(dāng)今的壓力。見對選擇項（A）的解釋，interpret（解釋）的意思不同于relieve（緩解；解除）。
D意為：不使用形容詞和動詞。第二段第五甸的意思是：我們（在詩歌中）注入大量的基本詞匯，這一語流不為句號、修飾性形容詞或限定性動詞所打斷。從這句來看，并沒有提到不使用形容詞和動詞。
62.（D）意為：與其說是文學(xué)（作品）不如說是一種暫時的現(xiàn)象。
在后一段后一句作者反問道：我們的時代真的發(fā)生了根本變化嗎？言外之意，我們生活的變化被未來主義考夸大了，因此他們對歷史和現(xiàn)實的認(rèn)識是不正確的，所以其理論根據(jù)是站不住腳的。
A意為：基于合理的原理。
B意為：對普通人來說是新的、易于接受的。
D意為：表明人性的根本變化。
翻譯句子
1、When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at， for， however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today， it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
[參考譯文]當(dāng)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一個新運(yùn)動發(fā)展成某種流行時尚時，好應(yīng)該弄清這場運(yùn)動倡導(dǎo)者的真正意圖，因為，不管他們的原則在今天看來多么牽強(qiáng)無理，很可能多年以后他們的理論會被視為正常。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句是一個因果關(guān)系的并列句，表示結(jié)果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.而for與it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之間是一個插入語，也是由however+形容詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，意為“不管他們（這群前衛(wèi)藝術(shù)家們）的時尚原則在今天看來多么牽強(qiáng)無理”。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]句中attain原意為“達(dá)到”，此處應(yīng)理解為“發(fā)展成”；advocates指倡導(dǎo)的人；however不是“然而”，而是“不論多么”。
2、All the same， no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition： that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.
[參考譯文]可是仍然沒有一個有思想的人能否決他們自己初的主張：即人們情感世界里的巨變會引起語言表達(dá)方式的巨變。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此處的that從句是proposition的同位語，說明了其內(nèi)容。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意句中的雙重否定：no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition沒有一個有思想的人能否決他們自己初的主張，也就是“幾乎人人都會堅持自己初的主張”。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
1、With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult， for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[參考譯文]然而就未來主義詩歌來說，情況則不這么簡單了，因為不管未來主義詩歌是什么——就算承認(rèn)它賴以存在的理論基礎(chǔ)都是正確的——這種形式也很難被歸入文學(xué)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句也是一個因果關(guān)系的并列句。結(jié)果為With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult，其中however是插入語，表示此句與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；原因為for之后的部分whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature，其中破折號之間的部分even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是插入語，on which it is based是the theory的定語從句，it指代Futurist poetry.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意however一詞是對上一句內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折信號，了解這一點(diǎn)，the case is rather difficult的意思就不難領(lǐng)會了。同時要抓住作者的態(tài)度，他對未來主義詩歌是持完全否定的態(tài)度的。
2、We must pour out a large stream of essential words， unhampered by stops， or qualifying adjectives， or finite verbs.[參考譯文]我們在下筆時必須讓一長串表達(dá)意義的基本詞匯傾泄而出，不受句讀停頓、限制修飾性形容詞或限定性動詞的牽制。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句中主句為We must pour out a large stream of essential words，而unhampered by stops， or qualifying adjectives， or finite verbs是過去分詞引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意or連接的qualifying adjectives和finite verbs與stops并列，而不與a large stream of essential words并列。
3、But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers： “Pluff！ Pluff！ A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”[參考譯文]但當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個土耳其軍官和一個保加利亞軍官在橋上動手打架并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里，而后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩中不過只充斥著“撲通，撲通，185公斤重”這類對他們落水時的動靜以及對軍官們體重的描寫時，我們不免感到困惑不安。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]句中開始的it是形式主語，它指代的是to read及后面的定語從句和to find及其后面的賓語從句。that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river是read的賓語從句，其中off which they both fall into the river是bridge的定語從句；that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers： “Pluff！ Pluff！ A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”是find的賓語從句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]該句相對較復(fù)雜，一定要注意upsetting的意思，它是指當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個場景，便懷著新奇感去讀原文，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)原文如此枯燥拙劣，心中不免感到不舒服。
語言點(diǎn)詳解
1.movement運(yùn)動[大綱詞匯] movement a.運(yùn)動，活動；移動，遷移[經(jīng)典例句] The environmentalists started a movement against poaching.
2.attain獲得[大綱詞匯] attain v.獲得，達(dá)到[經(jīng)典例句]The doctor has attained a high reputation in the neighborhood.
3.advisable應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)腫大綱詞匯] advisable a.可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)腫經(jīng)典例句]It is advisable that they go with a clearly defined goal in mind.
4.farfetched靠不住的[擴(kuò)充詞匯] farfetched a.牽強(qiáng)的；未必會的，靠不住的[經(jīng)典例句]The thought doesn't seem so farfetched anymore.
5.with regard to就…而論[大綱詞匯] with/in regard to對于；就…而論[經(jīng)典例句]We will have a discussion with regard to his proposal.
6.futurist未來主義者[大綱詞匯]futurist n.未來主義者，未來派藝術(shù)家futurism n.未來主義
7.admit承認(rèn)[大綱詞匯] admit v.讓…進(jìn)人，接納；承認(rèn)admission n.允許進(jìn)人，接納，收容；承認(rèn)[經(jīng)典例句]He finally admitted he had made a mistake.
8.class被歸為[大綱詞匯]class n.班級，年級；（一節(jié)）課；階級，階層；等級，類別v.把…分類（或分等）[經(jīng)典例句]His paintings were classed as second rate.
9.in brief簡言之[大綱詞匯] in brief簡單地說，簡言之[經(jīng)典例句]The chairman asked him to give the report in brief.
10.conditionally有條件地[大綱詞匯] condition n.狀況，狀態(tài)；[pl.]環(huán)境，形式，條件conditional a.條件的，帶有條件的[經(jīng)典例句]His mistake was only conditionally corrected.
11.speed up加速[大綱詞匯]speed up加速[經(jīng)典例句]His assistance speeded up the process of the work.
12.consequently因此[大綱詞匯] consequently ad.因此，所以[經(jīng)典例句]She was bright and diligent，and，consequently， did well in school.
13.undergo經(jīng)歷[大綱詞匯]undergo v.遭受，經(jīng)歷，承受[經(jīng)典例句]The old lady has undergone much hardship in her life.
14.corresponding相應(yīng)的[大綱詞匯] corresponding a.符合的，相應(yīng)的，對應(yīng)的[經(jīng)典例句] The company suffered from a serious loss at the corresponding period last year.
15.stress壓力[大綱詞匯] stress n.壓力，應(yīng)力；重音； v.強(qiáng)調(diào)，鞏固[經(jīng)典例句]We thought he would yield to the stress.
16.unhampered不受限制的[大綱詞匯] hamper v.妨礙，阻礙，牽制[衍生詞匯] unhampered a.不受阻礙的，不受妨礙的；不受限制的[經(jīng)典例句]The new stock market was unhampered by tradition.
17.qualifying限定性的[大綱詞匯]qualify v.（使）具有資格，證明資格[衍生詞匯]qualifying a.有資格的，合格的；限定性的[經(jīng)典例句]She doesn't have qualifying language ability for the job.
18.adjective形容詞[大綱詞匯] adjective n./a.形容詞（的）
19.finiteverbs限定性動詞[大綱詞匯] finite a.有限的[經(jīng)典例句] The finite number of facts did not give a complete picture of what had happened.
20.at will任意[擴(kuò)充詞匯]at will任意，隨意[經(jīng)典例句]With an air conditioner you can enjoy comfortable temperatures at will.
21.upsetting令人不安的[大綱詞匯] upset v.擾亂，使…心煩意亂；打翻，*[衍生詞匯] upsetting a.令人不安的[經(jīng)典例句]The news was upsetting to all of us.
22.explanatory解釋的[大綱詞匯] explain v.解釋，說明explanation n.解釋，說明[衍生詞匯]explanatory a.解釋的，說明的；辨明的[經(jīng)典例句] Some explanatory footnote were missing her thesis.
23.fulfill履行[大綱詞匯]fulfill/fulfil v.完成，履行[經(jīng)典例句] Nothing will stop him to fulfill his promise.
24.proposition主張[大綱詞匯] proposition n.主張，建議；陳述，命題propose v.提議，建議；提名，推薦；求婚proposal n.提議，建議；求婚[經(jīng)典例句] They finally accepted his proposition.
25.call for需要[大綱詞匯]call for邀請；要求，需要[經(jīng)典例句]The crisis called for our joint efforts.
26.survey調(diào)查[大綱詞匯]survey v./n.俯瞰，眺望；全面審視，調(diào)查；測量圖，勘定[經(jīng)典例句]They took great care not to miss anything in the survey.
27.merit功績[大綱詞匯]merit n.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，價值，功績； v.值得，應(yīng)得[經(jīng)典例句]Mr. Harrison claims for himself the merits of his work.
28.flaw缺陷[大綱詞匯]flaw n.缺陷；裂縫[經(jīng)典例句] Vanity is a great flaw in her character.
29.transient短暫的[大綱詞匯] transient a.短暫的[大綱詞匯]Their reunion was sweet but transient.
全文翻譯
當(dāng)一場新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動形成某種時尚時，理應(yīng)弄清其倡導(dǎo)者的目標(biāo)所在，因為無論他們的準(zhǔn)則在今天看來是多么牽強(qiáng)附會、不可思議，將來都有可能被視為正常的。然而，就未來派詩歌而言，情況卻相當(dāng)不同，因為無論未來派詩歌為何物——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)可能正確，也很難稱之為文學(xué)。
簡而言之，未來派詩人宣稱：一個世紀(jì)以來，過去的生活一直在有條件地急劇變化；現(xiàn)在，我們生活在一個充斥著喧囂、暴力和快節(jié)奏的世界之中。因此，我們的感情、思想和情緒都經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來派詩人聲稱，這種加速的生活節(jié)奏需要一種新的表達(dá)形式。如果我們想詮釋現(xiàn)代生活的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐。我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，擺脫句號，修飾性形容詞及限定動詞的羈絆。我們不應(yīng)描繪聲音，我們必須造出模仿聲音的詞語；我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長詞語。
他們對戰(zhàn)斗的描述確實讓人很難理解。但是讀到一句描寫戰(zhàn)斗的詩行的注解時，則令人有點(diǎn)生厭，注解中說該詩描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一座橋上發(fā)生了搏斗，結(jié)果雙雙從橋上掉進(jìn)河中——結(jié)果，詩把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫在了一起：“撲通！撲通！185公斤?！?BR> 盡管這符合未來派詩歌的規(guī)則和要求，卻很難被歸入文學(xué)之列。實際上，沒有一個善于思考的人會拒絕接受他們的第一個觀點(diǎn)：即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。實際問題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？
This， in brief， is what the Futurist says： for a century， past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up， till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently， our feelings， thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life， says the Futurist， requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too， if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words， unhampered by stops， or qualifying adjectives， of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them； we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page， and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers： “Pluff！ Pluff！ A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”This， though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry， can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same， no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition： that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this： have we essentially changed？
59. This passage is mainly________.
（A）a survey of new approaches to art
（B）a review of Futurist poetry
（C）about merits of the Futurist movement
（D）about laws and requirements of literature
60. When a novel literary idea appears， people should try to________.
（A）determine its purposes
（B）ignore its flaws
（C）follow the new fashions
（D）accept the principles
61. Futurists claim that we must________.
（A）increase the production of literature
（B）use poetry to relieve modern stress
（C）develop new modes of expression
（D）avoid using adjectives and verbs
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is________.
（A）based on reasonable principles
（B）new and acceptable to ordinary people
（C）indicative of basic change in human nature
（D）more of a transient phenomenon than literature
答案及試題解析
BACD
59.（B）意為：對未來派詩歌的評述。
本文是一篇文學(xué)評論。第一段開門見山地對未來派詩歌進(jìn)行批評，指出，無論未來派詩歌是什么東西——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)是正確的，卻很難將它歸作是文學(xué)作品。第二段簡述了未來派詩歌誕生的基本歷史背景，第三、四段又轉(zhuǎn)入對它的批評。注意第四段第一句對第一段第二句的照應(yīng)。
A意為：對新的藝術(shù)理論的評價。這個選擇項表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過泛，缺乏針對性。
C意為：有關(guān)未來主義運(yùn)動的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
D意為：有關(guān)文學(xué)（創(chuàng)作）的法則和要求。這個選擇項表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過泛，缺乏針對性。
60.（A）意為：確認(rèn)其目的。
第一段第一句指出，每當(dāng)一個新藝術(shù)思潮達(dá)到一定流行程度時，（在評價它之前）好先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因為，無論其（創(chuàng)作）原則在今天看來可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是在未來它也許會被看做是正常的東西。
B意為：忽視其缺陷。
C意為：追隨這些新思潮。
D意為：接受其（創(chuàng)作）原則。
61.（C）意為：挖掘新的表達(dá)方式。
第二段簡述了未來派詩歌誕生的基本歷史背果。未來派認(rèn)為，一個世紀(jì)以來，生活狀況一直在有條件地加速發(fā)展，以致我們今天生活在一個喧鬧、暴力和迅變的世界里，結(jié)果，我們的感覺、思想和情感經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來派認(rèn)為，這種生活（節(jié)奏）的加快需要一種新的表達(dá)方式（與之相適應(yīng)）。
A意為：增加文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作（數(shù)量）。第二段第四句指出，為了詮釋當(dāng)今世界的（生活）壓力，我們必須加快文學(xué)的創(chuàng)作。這里所說的speed up our literature的具體內(nèi)容包括下兩句提到的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作方法，并非指加大文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作數(shù)量。
B意為：用詩歌來化解當(dāng)今的壓力。見對選擇項（A）的解釋，interpret（解釋）的意思不同于relieve（緩解；解除）。
D意為：不使用形容詞和動詞。第二段第五甸的意思是：我們（在詩歌中）注入大量的基本詞匯，這一語流不為句號、修飾性形容詞或限定性動詞所打斷。從這句來看，并沒有提到不使用形容詞和動詞。
62.（D）意為：與其說是文學(xué)（作品）不如說是一種暫時的現(xiàn)象。
在后一段后一句作者反問道：我們的時代真的發(fā)生了根本變化嗎？言外之意，我們生活的變化被未來主義考夸大了，因此他們對歷史和現(xiàn)實的認(rèn)識是不正確的，所以其理論根據(jù)是站不住腳的。
A意為：基于合理的原理。
B意為：對普通人來說是新的、易于接受的。
D意為：表明人性的根本變化。
翻譯句子
1、When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at， for， however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today， it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
[參考譯文]當(dāng)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一個新運(yùn)動發(fā)展成某種流行時尚時，好應(yīng)該弄清這場運(yùn)動倡導(dǎo)者的真正意圖，因為，不管他們的原則在今天看來多么牽強(qiáng)無理，很可能多年以后他們的理論會被視為正常。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句是一個因果關(guān)系的并列句，表示結(jié)果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.而for與it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之間是一個插入語，也是由however+形容詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，意為“不管他們（這群前衛(wèi)藝術(shù)家們）的時尚原則在今天看來多么牽強(qiáng)無理”。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]句中attain原意為“達(dá)到”，此處應(yīng)理解為“發(fā)展成”；advocates指倡導(dǎo)的人；however不是“然而”，而是“不論多么”。
2、All the same， no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition： that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.
[參考譯文]可是仍然沒有一個有思想的人能否決他們自己初的主張：即人們情感世界里的巨變會引起語言表達(dá)方式的巨變。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此處的that從句是proposition的同位語，說明了其內(nèi)容。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意句中的雙重否定：no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition沒有一個有思想的人能否決他們自己初的主張，也就是“幾乎人人都會堅持自己初的主張”。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
1、With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult， for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[參考譯文]然而就未來主義詩歌來說，情況則不這么簡單了，因為不管未來主義詩歌是什么——就算承認(rèn)它賴以存在的理論基礎(chǔ)都是正確的——這種形式也很難被歸入文學(xué)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句也是一個因果關(guān)系的并列句。結(jié)果為With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult，其中however是插入語，表示此句與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；原因為for之后的部分whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature，其中破折號之間的部分even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是插入語，on which it is based是the theory的定語從句，it指代Futurist poetry.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意however一詞是對上一句內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折信號，了解這一點(diǎn)，the case is rather difficult的意思就不難領(lǐng)會了。同時要抓住作者的態(tài)度，他對未來主義詩歌是持完全否定的態(tài)度的。
2、We must pour out a large stream of essential words， unhampered by stops， or qualifying adjectives， or finite verbs.[參考譯文]我們在下筆時必須讓一長串表達(dá)意義的基本詞匯傾泄而出，不受句讀停頓、限制修飾性形容詞或限定性動詞的牽制。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句中主句為We must pour out a large stream of essential words，而unhampered by stops， or qualifying adjectives， or finite verbs是過去分詞引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意or連接的qualifying adjectives和finite verbs與stops并列，而不與a large stream of essential words并列。
3、But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers： “Pluff！ Pluff！ A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”[參考譯文]但當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個土耳其軍官和一個保加利亞軍官在橋上動手打架并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里，而后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩中不過只充斥著“撲通，撲通，185公斤重”這類對他們落水時的動靜以及對軍官們體重的描寫時，我們不免感到困惑不安。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]句中開始的it是形式主語，它指代的是to read及后面的定語從句和to find及其后面的賓語從句。that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river是read的賓語從句，其中off which they both fall into the river是bridge的定語從句；that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers： “Pluff！ Pluff！ A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”是find的賓語從句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]該句相對較復(fù)雜，一定要注意upsetting的意思，它是指當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個場景，便懷著新奇感去讀原文，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)原文如此枯燥拙劣，心中不免感到不舒服。
語言點(diǎn)詳解
1.movement運(yùn)動[大綱詞匯] movement a.運(yùn)動，活動；移動，遷移[經(jīng)典例句] The environmentalists started a movement against poaching.
2.attain獲得[大綱詞匯] attain v.獲得，達(dá)到[經(jīng)典例句]The doctor has attained a high reputation in the neighborhood.
3.advisable應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)腫大綱詞匯] advisable a.可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)腫經(jīng)典例句]It is advisable that they go with a clearly defined goal in mind.
4.farfetched靠不住的[擴(kuò)充詞匯] farfetched a.牽強(qiáng)的；未必會的，靠不住的[經(jīng)典例句]The thought doesn't seem so farfetched anymore.
5.with regard to就…而論[大綱詞匯] with/in regard to對于；就…而論[經(jīng)典例句]We will have a discussion with regard to his proposal.
6.futurist未來主義者[大綱詞匯]futurist n.未來主義者，未來派藝術(shù)家futurism n.未來主義
7.admit承認(rèn)[大綱詞匯] admit v.讓…進(jìn)人，接納；承認(rèn)admission n.允許進(jìn)人，接納，收容；承認(rèn)[經(jīng)典例句]He finally admitted he had made a mistake.
8.class被歸為[大綱詞匯]class n.班級，年級；（一節(jié)）課；階級，階層；等級，類別v.把…分類（或分等）[經(jīng)典例句]His paintings were classed as second rate.
9.in brief簡言之[大綱詞匯] in brief簡單地說，簡言之[經(jīng)典例句]The chairman asked him to give the report in brief.
10.conditionally有條件地[大綱詞匯] condition n.狀況，狀態(tài)；[pl.]環(huán)境，形式，條件conditional a.條件的，帶有條件的[經(jīng)典例句]His mistake was only conditionally corrected.
11.speed up加速[大綱詞匯]speed up加速[經(jīng)典例句]His assistance speeded up the process of the work.
12.consequently因此[大綱詞匯] consequently ad.因此，所以[經(jīng)典例句]She was bright and diligent，and，consequently， did well in school.
13.undergo經(jīng)歷[大綱詞匯]undergo v.遭受，經(jīng)歷，承受[經(jīng)典例句]The old lady has undergone much hardship in her life.
14.corresponding相應(yīng)的[大綱詞匯] corresponding a.符合的，相應(yīng)的，對應(yīng)的[經(jīng)典例句] The company suffered from a serious loss at the corresponding period last year.
15.stress壓力[大綱詞匯] stress n.壓力，應(yīng)力；重音； v.強(qiáng)調(diào)，鞏固[經(jīng)典例句]We thought he would yield to the stress.
16.unhampered不受限制的[大綱詞匯] hamper v.妨礙，阻礙，牽制[衍生詞匯] unhampered a.不受阻礙的，不受妨礙的；不受限制的[經(jīng)典例句]The new stock market was unhampered by tradition.
17.qualifying限定性的[大綱詞匯]qualify v.（使）具有資格，證明資格[衍生詞匯]qualifying a.有資格的，合格的；限定性的[經(jīng)典例句]She doesn't have qualifying language ability for the job.
18.adjective形容詞[大綱詞匯] adjective n./a.形容詞（的）
19.finiteverbs限定性動詞[大綱詞匯] finite a.有限的[經(jīng)典例句] The finite number of facts did not give a complete picture of what had happened.
20.at will任意[擴(kuò)充詞匯]at will任意，隨意[經(jīng)典例句]With an air conditioner you can enjoy comfortable temperatures at will.
21.upsetting令人不安的[大綱詞匯] upset v.擾亂，使…心煩意亂；打翻，*[衍生詞匯] upsetting a.令人不安的[經(jīng)典例句]The news was upsetting to all of us.
22.explanatory解釋的[大綱詞匯] explain v.解釋，說明explanation n.解釋，說明[衍生詞匯]explanatory a.解釋的，說明的；辨明的[經(jīng)典例句] Some explanatory footnote were missing her thesis.
23.fulfill履行[大綱詞匯]fulfill/fulfil v.完成，履行[經(jīng)典例句] Nothing will stop him to fulfill his promise.
24.proposition主張[大綱詞匯] proposition n.主張，建議；陳述，命題propose v.提議，建議；提名，推薦；求婚proposal n.提議，建議；求婚[經(jīng)典例句] They finally accepted his proposition.
25.call for需要[大綱詞匯]call for邀請；要求，需要[經(jīng)典例句]The crisis called for our joint efforts.
26.survey調(diào)查[大綱詞匯]survey v./n.俯瞰，眺望；全面審視，調(diào)查；測量圖，勘定[經(jīng)典例句]They took great care not to miss anything in the survey.
27.merit功績[大綱詞匯]merit n.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，價值，功績； v.值得，應(yīng)得[經(jīng)典例句]Mr. Harrison claims for himself the merits of his work.
28.flaw缺陷[大綱詞匯]flaw n.缺陷；裂縫[經(jīng)典例句] Vanity is a great flaw in her character.
29.transient短暫的[大綱詞匯] transient a.短暫的[大綱詞匯]Their reunion was sweet but transient.
全文翻譯
當(dāng)一場新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動形成某種時尚時，理應(yīng)弄清其倡導(dǎo)者的目標(biāo)所在，因為無論他們的準(zhǔn)則在今天看來是多么牽強(qiáng)附會、不可思議，將來都有可能被視為正常的。然而，就未來派詩歌而言，情況卻相當(dāng)不同，因為無論未來派詩歌為何物——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)可能正確，也很難稱之為文學(xué)。
簡而言之，未來派詩人宣稱：一個世紀(jì)以來，過去的生活一直在有條件地急劇變化；現(xiàn)在，我們生活在一個充斥著喧囂、暴力和快節(jié)奏的世界之中。因此，我們的感情、思想和情緒都經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來派詩人聲稱，這種加速的生活節(jié)奏需要一種新的表達(dá)形式。如果我們想詮釋現(xiàn)代生活的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐。我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，擺脫句號，修飾性形容詞及限定動詞的羈絆。我們不應(yīng)描繪聲音，我們必須造出模仿聲音的詞語；我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長詞語。
他們對戰(zhàn)斗的描述確實讓人很難理解。但是讀到一句描寫戰(zhàn)斗的詩行的注解時，則令人有點(diǎn)生厭，注解中說該詩描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一座橋上發(fā)生了搏斗，結(jié)果雙雙從橋上掉進(jìn)河中——結(jié)果，詩把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫在了一起：“撲通！撲通！185公斤?！?BR> 盡管這符合未來派詩歌的規(guī)則和要求，卻很難被歸入文學(xué)之列。實際上，沒有一個善于思考的人會拒絕接受他們的第一個觀點(diǎn)：即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。實際問題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？