If ambition is to be well regarded， the rewards of ambition—wealth， distinction， control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality， it must be widely shared； and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired， the educated not least among them. In an odd way， however， it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this， a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes， European travel， BMWs—The locations， place names and name brands may change， but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams， as easily and openly as once they could， lest they be thought pushing， acquisitive and vulgar. Instead， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles， which now more than ever seem in ample supply： the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home； the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants； the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life， whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional， the proper formulation is， “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles； its public defenders are few and unimpressive， where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result， the support for ambition as a healthy impulse， a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young， is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end， that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings， but only that， no longer openly honored， it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this， of course， some of which are that ambition is driven underground， or made sly. Such， then， is the way things stand： on the left angry critics， on the right stupid supporters， and in the middle， as usual， the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.
（A）its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
（B）it is rewarded with money， fame and power
（C）its goals are spiritual rather than material
（D）it is shared by the rich and the famous
68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is________.
（A）customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
（B）too late to check ambition once it has been let out
（C）dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
（D）impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because________.
（A）they think of it as immoral
（B）their pursuits are not fame or wealth
（C）ambition is not closely related to material benefits
（D）they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained________.
（A）secretly and vigorously
（B）openly and enthusiastically
（C）easily and momentarily
（D）verbally and spiritually
答案及試題解析
ACDB
67.（A）意為：其收益足以抵得上做出的犧牲。
文章第一句指出，如果正確看待野心（雄心），由野心所帶來的收益——如財(cái)富、名聲以及對(duì)自己命運(yùn)的控制力等——必須被看做是抵得上為（實(shí)現(xiàn)）野心所做出的犧牲的。言外之意，只有樹立雄心壯志，并為實(shí)現(xiàn)雄心壯志做出努力和犧牲，收到的回報(bào)就會(huì)大于做出的犧牲，使你感到?jīng)]有白白做出犧牲。作者在本文中談到了如何正確看待樹立“野心”，不要對(duì)“野心”避而不談。
B意為：野心使人取得金錢、名譽(yù)和權(quán)力（或力量）。在第一句中，財(cái)富、名譽(yù)以及對(duì)自己命運(yùn)的控制力只是作為取得回報(bào)的三個(gè)例子，并非僅包括這三方面而已。因此，選擇項(xiàng)（A）更加確切地表達(dá)了第一句的意思。
C意為：其目標(biāo)是精神上的而不是物質(zhì)方面的。
D意為：野心是富人和名人共有的。第一段第二句的意思是：如果野心的傳統(tǒng)要保持其生命力（指這一傳統(tǒng)要持續(xù)下去），人們必須普遍擁有野心——特別是那些受過教育的人更是如此。然而，奇怪的是，恰恰是這些人回避這一話題，雖然他們從中受益匪淺。
68.（C）意為：在目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)后又不誠(chéng)實(shí)地否認(rèn)（擁有）野心（的重要性）。
第一段最后一句的前半句指責(zé)這些人是虛偽的（hypocrisy），后半句是一個(gè)比喻。含意為：他們是野心的受益者，但又虛偽地否認(rèn)擁有野心的重要性。
A意為：受過教育者習(xí)慣于口頭上擯棄野心。含意為：口頭上否認(rèn)自己有野心，但行動(dòng)上實(shí)踐之。原句中的“虛偽”并非指這些人口是心非，而是指他們是野心的受益者（也許他們自己都沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)），但又虛偽地否認(rèn)擁有野心的重要性。
B意為：野心一旦被釋放出來就無法控制。
D意為：對(duì)受過教育者來說，享受野心所帶來的益處是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。
69.（D）意為：他們不想看起來貪婪、卑鄙。
根據(jù)第二段第三句，事實(shí)是：人們不坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想（即指野心）——不像從前一樣容易公開承認(rèn)夢(mèng)想，以防被人看做是愛出風(fēng)頭的、貪婪的（acquisitive）和庸俗的人。
A意為：他們將此看做是不道德的。
B意為：他們追求的不是名譽(yù)或財(cái)富。
C意為：野心與物質(zhì)利益沒有密切關(guān)系。
70.（B）意為：公開并熱情地。
根據(jù)最后一段第四、五句，由于人們不公開表達(dá)自己的野心，就產(chǎn)生一些不良后果，有些野心就成為暗中擁有的東西，使人變得狡黠。由此推論，作者認(rèn)為，人們不應(yīng)該隱瞞自己的“野心”，以免產(chǎn)生人對(duì)人的猜疑和陰謀。
A意為；秘密并嚴(yán)格地。
C意為：容易并暫時(shí)地。
D意為：在語言上和精神上。
翻譯句子
1、If ambition is to be well regarded， the rewards of ambition—wealth， distinction， control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.
[參考譯文]如果個(gè)人的野心被人看得很重，那么野心帶來的好處——榮華富貴、出人頭地、命運(yùn)自主——都應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是值得為了這雄心壯志而做出的各種犧牲。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此句包含一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句If ambition is to be well regarded，主句的主語是the rewards of ambition，謂語是must be deemed，而wealth， distinction， control over one's destiny既是插入語，又是the rewards的同位語。made on ambition's behalf是the sacrifices的補(bǔ)語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]本句中需弄清一些詞匯的含義，如：distinction聲望顯赫或出人頭地；worthy of對(duì)得起或不辜負(fù)；on behalf of為了。
2、There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this， a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.
[參考譯文]這種事情帶有很濃重的虛偽性，就好比等馬兒全逃光了，才把馬廄的門關(guān)死——而騎在那些馬上的正是那群受過良好教育的人。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的補(bǔ)語，with the educated themselves riding on them是補(bǔ)語中的伴隨狀語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]hypocrisy虛偽或偽善，理解了這個(gè)詞，后面的比喻就簡(jiǎn)單了。要理解這個(gè)比喻，把句中的馬理解為ambition的象征。注意這個(gè)比喻和“亡羊補(bǔ)牢”沒有任何關(guān)系，它的意思更接近于“掩耳盜鈴”；在這里是指受過良好教育的人在自己的野心實(shí)現(xiàn)以后，從追求野心的過程中受了益，但他們得了便宜還賣乖，反過來譴責(zé)野心，并說自己并沒有追求野心。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
1、If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality， it must be widely shared； and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired， the educated not least among them.[參考譯文]如果野心的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么這傳統(tǒng)必會(huì)為許多人分享；尤其會(huì)受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睞，在這些人中受過良好教育的可不占少數(shù)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這是一個(gè)并列關(guān)系的并列句。前一個(gè)分句又包含由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語，主句中的主語it指代the tradition of ambition.后一分句中who are themselves admired修飾people，the educated not least among them是people的補(bǔ)語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人士”；not least意為“相當(dāng)重要”。
2、Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes， European travel， BMWs—the locations， place names and name brands may change， but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車——地點(diǎn)、地名以及品牌或許會(huì)有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于一二十年前。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此處出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]千萬注意兩句中的雙重否定：“do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly”means“seem at least as interested in success and its signs now as formerly， if not more”，后面的do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago也是如此。
3、What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams， as easily and openly as once they could， lest they be thought pushing， acquisitive and vulgar.[參考譯文]現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情是人們總不能像從前一樣輕松坦白地承認(rèn)他們有這樣的夢(mèng)想，惟恐自己被人理解為急功近利、貪婪或庸俗。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]what一詞指代的是that引導(dǎo)的從句，從句中as easily and openly as once they could又是下一層的狀語，此外lest引導(dǎo)帶虛擬語氣的假設(shè)狀語從句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意lest一詞的含義（“唯恐”）和用法（引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣）。而且在閱讀過程中應(yīng)該能夠推測(cè)出pushing，acquisitive，vulgar三詞都是貶義。
4、Instead， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles， which now more than ever seem in ample supply： the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home； the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants； the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life， whose own children are enrolled in private schools.[參考譯文]相反，我們被款待看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更供應(yīng)充足：美國(guó)式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊；激進(jìn)書籍的出版商卻在三餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段的參與民主制的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles.后面有一個(gè)非限定性的定語從句修飾spectacles.在冒號(hào)的后面是三個(gè)并列的名詞性短語，其核心詞分別是critic， publisher和journalist.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要理解本句，首先要正確理解be treated to的意思是“被款待，被招待”；因此后面的spectacles就不是“眼鏡”，而是“壯觀景象”，此處有一定的反諷意味。后面即使不理解其具體含義，大致也應(yīng)該抓住的是虛偽，說一套做一套的具體事例，從這個(gè)角度理解就比較清楚了。
5、The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles； its public defenders are few and unimpressive， where they are not extremely unattractive.[參考譯文]對(duì)野心的抨擊層出不窮，且來自各個(gè)角度；公開為野心辯護(hù)者寥寥無幾、毫無力度，但不能說他們是完全不吸引人的。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此句是用分號(hào)隔開的兩個(gè)并列句，后面的一個(gè)分句中有一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，從整體上來修飾its public defenders，只不過先行詞用了where.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要理解分號(hào)前后是從正反兩個(gè)方面來說明人們對(duì)于ambition的態(tài)度，同時(shí)注意最后的定語從句中的那個(gè)雙重否定，表達(dá)了作者的一種態(tài)度，說明作者對(duì)于野心的維護(hù)者是抱肯定的態(tài)度的，從而也能推出作者對(duì)于野心也是持積極態(tài)度的，而作者所不齒的是對(duì)于野心問題虛偽的、說一套做一套的做法。
語言點(diǎn)詳解
1.well regarded十分看重[大綱詞匯]regard v.（as）把…看作為，把…認(rèn)為；考慮，注視[擴(kuò)充詞義] regard v.敬愛，尊敬，看重[經(jīng)典例句]She is highly regarded in her profession.
2.reward回報(bào)[大綱詞匯] reward v.（for）報(bào)酬，賞金，獎(jiǎng)賞； v.（for）酬勞，獎(jiǎng)賞；酬謝，報(bào)答，獎(jiǎng)酬[經(jīng)典例句]The rewards of art are not to be measured in money.
3.destiny命運(yùn)[大綱詞匯] destiny n.命運(yùn)；天數(shù)，天命[經(jīng)典例句]We must put our destiny in our own hands.
4.deem認(rèn)為[大綱詞匯]deem v.認(rèn)為，深信[經(jīng)典例句]He deemed it his duty to take care of the children of his dead brother.
5.on sb's behalf為了…
[大綱詞匯]on sb's behalf（=on behalf of sb）代表，為了[經(jīng)典例句]His wife attended the meeting on his behalf.
6.vitality生命力[大綱詞匯]vital a.生死枚關(guān)的，重大的；生命的，生機(jī)的[衍生詞匯]vitality n.生命力；生機(jī)；活力；生存力，持久力。[經(jīng)典例句]He is a young man of great vitality.
7.in an odd way以一種奇怪的方式[大綱詞匯] odd a.奇數(shù)的，單的；奇怪的，古怪的；單只的，不成對(duì)的；臨時(shí)的，不固定的；帶零頭的，余的[經(jīng)典例句]He handle the situation in an odd way.
5.hypocrisy虛偽[擴(kuò)充詞匯] hypocrisy n.偽善，虛偽hypocrite n.偽君子hypocritical a.虛偽的[經(jīng)典例句]His hypocrisy angered all the people present.
9.formerly以前地[大綱詞匯]former a.以前的，在前的[經(jīng)典例句] He was formerly a elementary school teacher.
10.in demand所需要的[擴(kuò)充詞匯]in demand所需要的[經(jīng)典例句]Oil is in great demand these days.
11.confess to承認(rèn)[大綱詞匯]confess v.供認(rèn)，承認(rèn)，坦白，懺悔[經(jīng)典例句]He confessed to the crime he had committed.
12.lest免得[大綱詞匯] lest conj.惟恐，免得[經(jīng)典例句]She didn't tell them the truth，lest they would get involve.
13.pushing急功近利的[大綱詞匯] push v.推；催逼，逼迫； n.推，推力；促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)[衍生詞匯]pushing a.推的；有進(jìn)取心的；一意孤行的[經(jīng)典例句]She is a very nice person except that she is a bit pushing.
14.acquisitive貪婪的[大綱詞匯] acquire v.取得，獲得；學(xué)到[衍生詞匯] acquisitive a.渴望獲得的，迫切求取的，貪婪的[經(jīng)典例句] Finally his acquisitive instinct got the upper hand.
15.vulgar粗俗的[擴(kuò)充詞匯]vulgar a.庸俗的，粗俗的；粗魯?shù)?，粗野的[經(jīng)典例句]He is a person of vulgar taste.
16.treat to款待[大綱詞匯]treat v.對(duì)待；處理；治療；論述，探討；款待，請(qǐng)客；n.款待，請(qǐng)客[經(jīng)典例句]I will treat you all to the a little piano specialty of my own.
17.spectacle景象[大綱詞匯]spectacle n.[pl.]眼鏡；場(chǎng)面，景象；奇觀，壯觀spectacular a.壯觀的，引人注目的[經(jīng)典例句]The burning house is a terrible spectacle.
18.ample充分的[大綱詞匯] ample a.充分的，富裕的；寬敞的，寬大的[經(jīng)典例句]The city's many cultural and sports facilities offer ample recreation.
19.materialism唯物主義[大綱詞匯]materialism n.唯物主義material n.材料，原料，資料；a.物質(zhì)的，實(shí)體的
20.participatory參與的[大綱詞匯] participate v. （ in）參與，參加；分享，分擔(dān)participant n.參加者，參與者[衍生詞匯]participatory a.參與的，參加的，積極參與的[經(jīng)典例句]Participatory art is quite popular with some artists nowadays.
21.phase階段[大綱詞匯]phase n.階段，狀態(tài)，時(shí)期；相，相位[經(jīng)典例句]The book covers all phases of Picasso's work.
22.enroll入學(xué)[大綱詞匯]enroll/enrol v.招收；登記；人學(xué)[經(jīng)典例句]The union enrolls over 100，000 worker in New York.
23.exceptional例外的[大綱詞匯]exceptional a.外的，異常的[經(jīng)典例句] He treated his employees with exceptional cruelty.
24.formulation構(gòu)想[大綱詞匯]formulate v.構(gòu)想，規(guī)劃；系統(tǒng)地闡述[衍生詞匯] formulation n.系統(tǒng)的闡述；規(guī)劃，構(gòu)想[經(jīng)典例句]He stated his opinion on the formulation of policies.
25.at all costs不惜任何代價(jià)[大綱詞匯]at all costs不惜任何代價(jià)，無論如何[經(jīng)典例句]He vowed to succeed at all costs.
26.angle角度[大綱詞匯]angle n.角；角度；方面，觀點(diǎn)[詞匯比較]angel n.天使注意：兩詞拼寫相近，易混淆，注意區(qū)分。
[經(jīng)典例句] It will give you a more objective picture if you consider the issue from various angles.
27.probably很可能地[大綱詞匯]probable a.很可能的，大概的；有希望的，可能的[經(jīng)典例句]She is probably the best singer in this country.
28.at an end完結(jié)[擴(kuò)充詞匯]at an end完結(jié)，耗盡[經(jīng)典例句]Everything between the lovers were at an end.
29.stirring沖動(dòng)，激勵(lì)[大綱詞匯]stir v.攪拌，攪動(dòng)；動(dòng)，搖動(dòng)；激動(dòng)；轟動(dòng)；煽動(dòng)，鼓動(dòng)[衍生詞匯]stirring a.激動(dòng)人心的；忙碌的，活躍的；牲，激勵(lì)，鼓舞[經(jīng)典例句]He tried to suppress the stirrings of visiting her.
30.prompting鼓舞[大綱詞匯]prompt v.激起，促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)[衍生詞匯]prompting n.推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，鼓舞，激勵(lì)[經(jīng)典例句]The book would never have been written without the promptings of my wife.
31 .profess承認(rèn)[擴(kuò)充詞匯] profess v.承認(rèn)，表示；聲稱professed a.公開表示的；公開聲稱的[經(jīng)典例句]He professed himself a lover of music.
32.earnest熱切的[大綱詞匯]earnest a.熱心的，誠(chéng)摯的[經(jīng)典例句]He is an earnest student.
33 .get on in life出人頭地[大綱詞匯]get on發(fā)跡，出人頭地[經(jīng)典例句]The young man is sure to get on in the world.
34.customary習(xí)慣的[大綱詞匯]customary a.習(xí)慣的，慣例的[經(jīng)典例句]He made his customary visit to his parents every week.
35.discard拋棄[大綱詞匯]discard v.拋棄，丟棄[經(jīng)典例句] His friends urge him to discard his bad habits.
36.check控制[大綱詞匯] check v.檢查，核對(duì)；制止，控制；（憑票）托運(yùn)或寄存[經(jīng)典例句]He tried his best to check his anger.
37.momentarily瞬間地[大綱詞匯]momentary a.瞬間的，片刻的[經(jīng)典例句]He paused momentarily to have some water and proceeded.
全文翻譯
個(gè)人的雄心如果能被正確看待的話，那么它的回報(bào)——財(cái)富、聲譽(yù)、對(duì)命運(yùn)的掌握——?jiǎng)t應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為值得為之付出犧牲。如果雄心的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么它就應(yīng)該受到廣泛的推崇，尤其應(yīng)該受到那些自身得到他人羨慕的人們的高度重視，當(dāng)然那些接受過良好教育的人也應(yīng)包括在內(nèi)。然而，恰恰是那些受過良好教育的人卻不可思議地聲稱他們已經(jīng)放棄了雄心壯志這一理想。奇怪的是他們已經(jīng)從雄心壯志中獲益頗多了——如果不是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父母的和祖父母的。這其中有著濃厚的虛偽色彩，恰如馬跑后再關(guān)上馬廄的門那樣，而受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上。
當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)成功及其標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并未比從前減弱，避暑別墅，歐洲旅行、寶馬車——它們的位置、地名和商標(biāo)可能會(huì)改變，但現(xiàn)在對(duì)這些東西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前減少?，F(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易地、公開地坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想，惟恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪、庸俗不堪。相反我們目睹了比以前任何時(shí)候都多的虛偽景觀：美國(guó)物欲主義批評(píng)家在南安普頓擁有一幢避暑別墅；激進(jìn)的出版商到三賓館就餐；倡導(dǎo)終生參與民主制的新聞?dòng)浾邊s把自己的子女送進(jìn)私立學(xué)校。對(duì)于這樣的人，還有那些也許不太出色的人而言，“不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，但避免讓他人看出雄心勃勃”是對(duì)他們的詮釋。
對(duì)雄心的攻擊非常之多，出自各種不同的角度；公開為之辯解的則少之又少，雖不能說他們是完全沒有吸引力的，但卻未能給人們留下深刻印象。因此，在美國(guó)，作為一種健康的沖動(dòng)，一種應(yīng)該令人稱羨并扎根于青年人心靈的品質(zhì)的雄心，它所得到的支持也許比以往任何時(shí)期都低。但這并不意味著雄心已經(jīng)窮途末路，人們不再感覺到它對(duì)人們的激勵(lì)了，只是人們不再公開地以它為榮，更不愿公開地坦白了。當(dāng)然這樣就帶來了很多不良后果，其中的一些后果就是雄心被趕入地下，或暗藏于胸。于是情況就成了這樣：左邊是憤怒的批評(píng)家，右邊是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多數(shù)認(rèn)真而努力追求成功的人。
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes， European travel， BMWs—The locations， place names and name brands may change， but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams， as easily and openly as once they could， lest they be thought pushing， acquisitive and vulgar. Instead， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles， which now more than ever seem in ample supply： the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home； the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants； the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life， whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional， the proper formulation is， “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles； its public defenders are few and unimpressive， where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result， the support for ambition as a healthy impulse， a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young， is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end， that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings， but only that， no longer openly honored， it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this， of course， some of which are that ambition is driven underground， or made sly. Such， then， is the way things stand： on the left angry critics， on the right stupid supporters， and in the middle， as usual， the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.
（A）its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
（B）it is rewarded with money， fame and power
（C）its goals are spiritual rather than material
（D）it is shared by the rich and the famous
68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is________.
（A）customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
（B）too late to check ambition once it has been let out
（C）dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
（D）impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because________.
（A）they think of it as immoral
（B）their pursuits are not fame or wealth
（C）ambition is not closely related to material benefits
（D）they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained________.
（A）secretly and vigorously
（B）openly and enthusiastically
（C）easily and momentarily
（D）verbally and spiritually
答案及試題解析
ACDB
67.（A）意為：其收益足以抵得上做出的犧牲。
文章第一句指出，如果正確看待野心（雄心），由野心所帶來的收益——如財(cái)富、名聲以及對(duì)自己命運(yùn)的控制力等——必須被看做是抵得上為（實(shí)現(xiàn)）野心所做出的犧牲的。言外之意，只有樹立雄心壯志，并為實(shí)現(xiàn)雄心壯志做出努力和犧牲，收到的回報(bào)就會(huì)大于做出的犧牲，使你感到?jīng)]有白白做出犧牲。作者在本文中談到了如何正確看待樹立“野心”，不要對(duì)“野心”避而不談。
B意為：野心使人取得金錢、名譽(yù)和權(quán)力（或力量）。在第一句中，財(cái)富、名譽(yù)以及對(duì)自己命運(yùn)的控制力只是作為取得回報(bào)的三個(gè)例子，并非僅包括這三方面而已。因此，選擇項(xiàng)（A）更加確切地表達(dá)了第一句的意思。
C意為：其目標(biāo)是精神上的而不是物質(zhì)方面的。
D意為：野心是富人和名人共有的。第一段第二句的意思是：如果野心的傳統(tǒng)要保持其生命力（指這一傳統(tǒng)要持續(xù)下去），人們必須普遍擁有野心——特別是那些受過教育的人更是如此。然而，奇怪的是，恰恰是這些人回避這一話題，雖然他們從中受益匪淺。
68.（C）意為：在目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)后又不誠(chéng)實(shí)地否認(rèn)（擁有）野心（的重要性）。
第一段最后一句的前半句指責(zé)這些人是虛偽的（hypocrisy），后半句是一個(gè)比喻。含意為：他們是野心的受益者，但又虛偽地否認(rèn)擁有野心的重要性。
A意為：受過教育者習(xí)慣于口頭上擯棄野心。含意為：口頭上否認(rèn)自己有野心，但行動(dòng)上實(shí)踐之。原句中的“虛偽”并非指這些人口是心非，而是指他們是野心的受益者（也許他們自己都沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)），但又虛偽地否認(rèn)擁有野心的重要性。
B意為：野心一旦被釋放出來就無法控制。
D意為：對(duì)受過教育者來說，享受野心所帶來的益處是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。
69.（D）意為：他們不想看起來貪婪、卑鄙。
根據(jù)第二段第三句，事實(shí)是：人們不坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想（即指野心）——不像從前一樣容易公開承認(rèn)夢(mèng)想，以防被人看做是愛出風(fēng)頭的、貪婪的（acquisitive）和庸俗的人。
A意為：他們將此看做是不道德的。
B意為：他們追求的不是名譽(yù)或財(cái)富。
C意為：野心與物質(zhì)利益沒有密切關(guān)系。
70.（B）意為：公開并熱情地。
根據(jù)最后一段第四、五句，由于人們不公開表達(dá)自己的野心，就產(chǎn)生一些不良后果，有些野心就成為暗中擁有的東西，使人變得狡黠。由此推論，作者認(rèn)為，人們不應(yīng)該隱瞞自己的“野心”，以免產(chǎn)生人對(duì)人的猜疑和陰謀。
A意為；秘密并嚴(yán)格地。
C意為：容易并暫時(shí)地。
D意為：在語言上和精神上。
翻譯句子
1、If ambition is to be well regarded， the rewards of ambition—wealth， distinction， control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.
[參考譯文]如果個(gè)人的野心被人看得很重，那么野心帶來的好處——榮華富貴、出人頭地、命運(yùn)自主——都應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是值得為了這雄心壯志而做出的各種犧牲。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此句包含一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句If ambition is to be well regarded，主句的主語是the rewards of ambition，謂語是must be deemed，而wealth， distinction， control over one's destiny既是插入語，又是the rewards的同位語。made on ambition's behalf是the sacrifices的補(bǔ)語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]本句中需弄清一些詞匯的含義，如：distinction聲望顯赫或出人頭地；worthy of對(duì)得起或不辜負(fù)；on behalf of為了。
2、There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this， a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.
[參考譯文]這種事情帶有很濃重的虛偽性，就好比等馬兒全逃光了，才把馬廄的門關(guān)死——而騎在那些馬上的正是那群受過良好教育的人。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的補(bǔ)語，with the educated themselves riding on them是補(bǔ)語中的伴隨狀語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]hypocrisy虛偽或偽善，理解了這個(gè)詞，后面的比喻就簡(jiǎn)單了。要理解這個(gè)比喻，把句中的馬理解為ambition的象征。注意這個(gè)比喻和“亡羊補(bǔ)牢”沒有任何關(guān)系，它的意思更接近于“掩耳盜鈴”；在這里是指受過良好教育的人在自己的野心實(shí)現(xiàn)以后，從追求野心的過程中受了益，但他們得了便宜還賣乖，反過來譴責(zé)野心，并說自己并沒有追求野心。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
1、If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality， it must be widely shared； and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired， the educated not least among them.[參考譯文]如果野心的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么這傳統(tǒng)必會(huì)為許多人分享；尤其會(huì)受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睞，在這些人中受過良好教育的可不占少數(shù)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這是一個(gè)并列關(guān)系的并列句。前一個(gè)分句又包含由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語，主句中的主語it指代the tradition of ambition.后一分句中who are themselves admired修飾people，the educated not least among them是people的補(bǔ)語。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人士”；not least意為“相當(dāng)重要”。
2、Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes， European travel， BMWs—the locations， place names and name brands may change， but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車——地點(diǎn)、地名以及品牌或許會(huì)有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于一二十年前。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此處出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]千萬注意兩句中的雙重否定：“do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly”means“seem at least as interested in success and its signs now as formerly， if not more”，后面的do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago也是如此。
3、What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams， as easily and openly as once they could， lest they be thought pushing， acquisitive and vulgar.[參考譯文]現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情是人們總不能像從前一樣輕松坦白地承認(rèn)他們有這樣的夢(mèng)想，惟恐自己被人理解為急功近利、貪婪或庸俗。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]what一詞指代的是that引導(dǎo)的從句，從句中as easily and openly as once they could又是下一層的狀語，此外lest引導(dǎo)帶虛擬語氣的假設(shè)狀語從句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意lest一詞的含義（“唯恐”）和用法（引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣）。而且在閱讀過程中應(yīng)該能夠推測(cè)出pushing，acquisitive，vulgar三詞都是貶義。
4、Instead， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles， which now more than ever seem in ample supply： the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home； the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants； the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life， whose own children are enrolled in private schools.[參考譯文]相反，我們被款待看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更供應(yīng)充足：美國(guó)式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊；激進(jìn)書籍的出版商卻在三餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段的參與民主制的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles.后面有一個(gè)非限定性的定語從句修飾spectacles.在冒號(hào)的后面是三個(gè)并列的名詞性短語，其核心詞分別是critic， publisher和journalist.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要理解本句，首先要正確理解be treated to的意思是“被款待，被招待”；因此后面的spectacles就不是“眼鏡”，而是“壯觀景象”，此處有一定的反諷意味。后面即使不理解其具體含義，大致也應(yīng)該抓住的是虛偽，說一套做一套的具體事例，從這個(gè)角度理解就比較清楚了。
5、The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles； its public defenders are few and unimpressive， where they are not extremely unattractive.[參考譯文]對(duì)野心的抨擊層出不窮，且來自各個(gè)角度；公開為野心辯護(hù)者寥寥無幾、毫無力度，但不能說他們是完全不吸引人的。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]此句是用分號(hào)隔開的兩個(gè)并列句，后面的一個(gè)分句中有一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，從整體上來修飾its public defenders，只不過先行詞用了where.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要理解分號(hào)前后是從正反兩個(gè)方面來說明人們對(duì)于ambition的態(tài)度，同時(shí)注意最后的定語從句中的那個(gè)雙重否定，表達(dá)了作者的一種態(tài)度，說明作者對(duì)于野心的維護(hù)者是抱肯定的態(tài)度的，從而也能推出作者對(duì)于野心也是持積極態(tài)度的，而作者所不齒的是對(duì)于野心問題虛偽的、說一套做一套的做法。
語言點(diǎn)詳解
1.well regarded十分看重[大綱詞匯]regard v.（as）把…看作為，把…認(rèn)為；考慮，注視[擴(kuò)充詞義] regard v.敬愛，尊敬，看重[經(jīng)典例句]She is highly regarded in her profession.
2.reward回報(bào)[大綱詞匯] reward v.（for）報(bào)酬，賞金，獎(jiǎng)賞； v.（for）酬勞，獎(jiǎng)賞；酬謝，報(bào)答，獎(jiǎng)酬[經(jīng)典例句]The rewards of art are not to be measured in money.
3.destiny命運(yùn)[大綱詞匯] destiny n.命運(yùn)；天數(shù)，天命[經(jīng)典例句]We must put our destiny in our own hands.
4.deem認(rèn)為[大綱詞匯]deem v.認(rèn)為，深信[經(jīng)典例句]He deemed it his duty to take care of the children of his dead brother.
5.on sb's behalf為了…
[大綱詞匯]on sb's behalf（=on behalf of sb）代表，為了[經(jīng)典例句]His wife attended the meeting on his behalf.
6.vitality生命力[大綱詞匯]vital a.生死枚關(guān)的，重大的；生命的，生機(jī)的[衍生詞匯]vitality n.生命力；生機(jī)；活力；生存力，持久力。[經(jīng)典例句]He is a young man of great vitality.
7.in an odd way以一種奇怪的方式[大綱詞匯] odd a.奇數(shù)的，單的；奇怪的，古怪的；單只的，不成對(duì)的；臨時(shí)的，不固定的；帶零頭的，余的[經(jīng)典例句]He handle the situation in an odd way.
5.hypocrisy虛偽[擴(kuò)充詞匯] hypocrisy n.偽善，虛偽hypocrite n.偽君子hypocritical a.虛偽的[經(jīng)典例句]His hypocrisy angered all the people present.
9.formerly以前地[大綱詞匯]former a.以前的，在前的[經(jīng)典例句] He was formerly a elementary school teacher.
10.in demand所需要的[擴(kuò)充詞匯]in demand所需要的[經(jīng)典例句]Oil is in great demand these days.
11.confess to承認(rèn)[大綱詞匯]confess v.供認(rèn)，承認(rèn)，坦白，懺悔[經(jīng)典例句]He confessed to the crime he had committed.
12.lest免得[大綱詞匯] lest conj.惟恐，免得[經(jīng)典例句]She didn't tell them the truth，lest they would get involve.
13.pushing急功近利的[大綱詞匯] push v.推；催逼，逼迫； n.推，推力；促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)[衍生詞匯]pushing a.推的；有進(jìn)取心的；一意孤行的[經(jīng)典例句]She is a very nice person except that she is a bit pushing.
14.acquisitive貪婪的[大綱詞匯] acquire v.取得，獲得；學(xué)到[衍生詞匯] acquisitive a.渴望獲得的，迫切求取的，貪婪的[經(jīng)典例句] Finally his acquisitive instinct got the upper hand.
15.vulgar粗俗的[擴(kuò)充詞匯]vulgar a.庸俗的，粗俗的；粗魯?shù)?，粗野的[經(jīng)典例句]He is a person of vulgar taste.
16.treat to款待[大綱詞匯]treat v.對(duì)待；處理；治療；論述，探討；款待，請(qǐng)客；n.款待，請(qǐng)客[經(jīng)典例句]I will treat you all to the a little piano specialty of my own.
17.spectacle景象[大綱詞匯]spectacle n.[pl.]眼鏡；場(chǎng)面，景象；奇觀，壯觀spectacular a.壯觀的，引人注目的[經(jīng)典例句]The burning house is a terrible spectacle.
18.ample充分的[大綱詞匯] ample a.充分的，富裕的；寬敞的，寬大的[經(jīng)典例句]The city's many cultural and sports facilities offer ample recreation.
19.materialism唯物主義[大綱詞匯]materialism n.唯物主義material n.材料，原料，資料；a.物質(zhì)的，實(shí)體的
20.participatory參與的[大綱詞匯] participate v. （ in）參與，參加；分享，分擔(dān)participant n.參加者，參與者[衍生詞匯]participatory a.參與的，參加的，積極參與的[經(jīng)典例句]Participatory art is quite popular with some artists nowadays.
21.phase階段[大綱詞匯]phase n.階段，狀態(tài)，時(shí)期；相，相位[經(jīng)典例句]The book covers all phases of Picasso's work.
22.enroll入學(xué)[大綱詞匯]enroll/enrol v.招收；登記；人學(xué)[經(jīng)典例句]The union enrolls over 100，000 worker in New York.
23.exceptional例外的[大綱詞匯]exceptional a.外的，異常的[經(jīng)典例句] He treated his employees with exceptional cruelty.
24.formulation構(gòu)想[大綱詞匯]formulate v.構(gòu)想，規(guī)劃；系統(tǒng)地闡述[衍生詞匯] formulation n.系統(tǒng)的闡述；規(guī)劃，構(gòu)想[經(jīng)典例句]He stated his opinion on the formulation of policies.
25.at all costs不惜任何代價(jià)[大綱詞匯]at all costs不惜任何代價(jià)，無論如何[經(jīng)典例句]He vowed to succeed at all costs.
26.angle角度[大綱詞匯]angle n.角；角度；方面，觀點(diǎn)[詞匯比較]angel n.天使注意：兩詞拼寫相近，易混淆，注意區(qū)分。
[經(jīng)典例句] It will give you a more objective picture if you consider the issue from various angles.
27.probably很可能地[大綱詞匯]probable a.很可能的，大概的；有希望的，可能的[經(jīng)典例句]She is probably the best singer in this country.
28.at an end完結(jié)[擴(kuò)充詞匯]at an end完結(jié)，耗盡[經(jīng)典例句]Everything between the lovers were at an end.
29.stirring沖動(dòng)，激勵(lì)[大綱詞匯]stir v.攪拌，攪動(dòng)；動(dòng)，搖動(dòng)；激動(dòng)；轟動(dòng)；煽動(dòng)，鼓動(dòng)[衍生詞匯]stirring a.激動(dòng)人心的；忙碌的，活躍的；牲，激勵(lì)，鼓舞[經(jīng)典例句]He tried to suppress the stirrings of visiting her.
30.prompting鼓舞[大綱詞匯]prompt v.激起，促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)[衍生詞匯]prompting n.推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，鼓舞，激勵(lì)[經(jīng)典例句]The book would never have been written without the promptings of my wife.
31 .profess承認(rèn)[擴(kuò)充詞匯] profess v.承認(rèn)，表示；聲稱professed a.公開表示的；公開聲稱的[經(jīng)典例句]He professed himself a lover of music.
32.earnest熱切的[大綱詞匯]earnest a.熱心的，誠(chéng)摯的[經(jīng)典例句]He is an earnest student.
33 .get on in life出人頭地[大綱詞匯]get on發(fā)跡，出人頭地[經(jīng)典例句]The young man is sure to get on in the world.
34.customary習(xí)慣的[大綱詞匯]customary a.習(xí)慣的，慣例的[經(jīng)典例句]He made his customary visit to his parents every week.
35.discard拋棄[大綱詞匯]discard v.拋棄，丟棄[經(jīng)典例句] His friends urge him to discard his bad habits.
36.check控制[大綱詞匯] check v.檢查，核對(duì)；制止，控制；（憑票）托運(yùn)或寄存[經(jīng)典例句]He tried his best to check his anger.
37.momentarily瞬間地[大綱詞匯]momentary a.瞬間的，片刻的[經(jīng)典例句]He paused momentarily to have some water and proceeded.
全文翻譯
個(gè)人的雄心如果能被正確看待的話，那么它的回報(bào)——財(cái)富、聲譽(yù)、對(duì)命運(yùn)的掌握——?jiǎng)t應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為值得為之付出犧牲。如果雄心的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么它就應(yīng)該受到廣泛的推崇，尤其應(yīng)該受到那些自身得到他人羨慕的人們的高度重視，當(dāng)然那些接受過良好教育的人也應(yīng)包括在內(nèi)。然而，恰恰是那些受過良好教育的人卻不可思議地聲稱他們已經(jīng)放棄了雄心壯志這一理想。奇怪的是他們已經(jīng)從雄心壯志中獲益頗多了——如果不是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父母的和祖父母的。這其中有著濃厚的虛偽色彩，恰如馬跑后再關(guān)上馬廄的門那樣，而受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上。
當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)成功及其標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并未比從前減弱，避暑別墅，歐洲旅行、寶馬車——它們的位置、地名和商標(biāo)可能會(huì)改變，但現(xiàn)在對(duì)這些東西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前減少?，F(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易地、公開地坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想，惟恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪、庸俗不堪。相反我們目睹了比以前任何時(shí)候都多的虛偽景觀：美國(guó)物欲主義批評(píng)家在南安普頓擁有一幢避暑別墅；激進(jìn)的出版商到三賓館就餐；倡導(dǎo)終生參與民主制的新聞?dòng)浾邊s把自己的子女送進(jìn)私立學(xué)校。對(duì)于這樣的人，還有那些也許不太出色的人而言，“不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，但避免讓他人看出雄心勃勃”是對(duì)他們的詮釋。
對(duì)雄心的攻擊非常之多，出自各種不同的角度；公開為之辯解的則少之又少，雖不能說他們是完全沒有吸引力的，但卻未能給人們留下深刻印象。因此，在美國(guó)，作為一種健康的沖動(dòng)，一種應(yīng)該令人稱羨并扎根于青年人心靈的品質(zhì)的雄心，它所得到的支持也許比以往任何時(shí)期都低。但這并不意味著雄心已經(jīng)窮途末路，人們不再感覺到它對(duì)人們的激勵(lì)了，只是人們不再公開地以它為榮，更不愿公開地坦白了。當(dāng)然這樣就帶來了很多不良后果，其中的一些后果就是雄心被趕入地下，或暗藏于胸。于是情況就成了這樣：左邊是憤怒的批評(píng)家，右邊是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多數(shù)認(rèn)真而努力追求成功的人。