There has been no evidence that either genetically altered plants or animals actually trigger human illness， but critics warn that potential side effects remain unknown. University officials say their tests showed the piglets were not born with the altered genes， but FDA rules require even the offspring of genetically engineered animals to be destroyed so they don't get into the food supply.
The FDA， in a quickly arranged news conference Wednesday prompted by inquiries by USA TODAY， said the University of Illinois will face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker， who in turn sells to processing plants.
Both the FDA and the university say the pigs that entered the market do not pose a risk to consumers. But the investigation follows action by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in December to fine a Texas company that contaminated 500，000 bushels of soybeans with corn that had been genetically altered to produce a vaccine for pigs.
Critics see such cases as evidence of the need for more government oversight of a burgeoning area of scientific research. “This is a small incident， but it's incident like this that could destroy consumer confidence and export confidence， ”says Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufacturers of America. “We already have Europe shaky on biotech. The countries to whom we export are going to look at this.”
The University of Illinois says it tested the DNA of every piglet eight times to make sure that the animal hadn't inherited the genetic engineering of its mother. Those piglets that did were put back into the study. Those that didn't were sold to the pig broker. “Any pig who's tested negative for the genes since 1999 has been sent off to market， ”says Charles Zukoski， vice chancellor for research.
But FDA deputy commissioner Lester Crawford says that under the terms of the university's agreement with the FDA， the researchers were forbidden to remove the piglets without FDA approval. “The University of Illinois failed to check with FDA to see whether or not the animals could be sold on the open market. And they were not to be used under any circumstance for food.”
The FDA is responsible for regulating and overseeing transgenic animals because such genetic manipulation is considered an unapproved animal drug.
21. The 386 piglets wrongfully sold into food supply are from
［A］ Europe［B］ an American research organization
［C］ a meat processing plant［D］ an animal farm
22. The purpose of the transgenic engineering research is to
［A］ get pigs of larger size in a shorter time
［B］ make sows produce more milk
［C］ make cows produce more milk
［D］ make pigs grow more lean meat
23. The 4th paragraph shows that the University of Illinois
［A］ was criticized by the FDA
［B］ is in great trouble
［C］ is required by the FDA to call back the sold piglets
［D］ may have to pay the penalty
24. The FDA declares that the wrongfully sold piglets
［A］ may have side effects on consumers ［B］ may be harmful to consumers
［C］ are safe to consumers［D］ may cause human illness
25. It can be inferred from this passage that
［A］ all the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
［B］ part of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
［C］ none of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
［D］ half of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
Text 2
Foods are overwhelmingly the most advertised group of all consumer products in the United States. Food products lead in expenditures for network and spot television advertisements， discount coupons， trading stamps， contests， and other forms of premium advertising. In other media—newspapers， magazines， newspaper supplements， billboards， and radio—food advertising expenditures rank near the top. Food manufacturers spend more on advertising than any other manufacturing group， and the nation's grocery stores rank first among all retailers.
The FDA， in a quickly arranged news conference Wednesday prompted by inquiries by USA TODAY， said the University of Illinois will face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker， who in turn sells to processing plants.
Both the FDA and the university say the pigs that entered the market do not pose a risk to consumers. But the investigation follows action by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in December to fine a Texas company that contaminated 500，000 bushels of soybeans with corn that had been genetically altered to produce a vaccine for pigs.
Critics see such cases as evidence of the need for more government oversight of a burgeoning area of scientific research. “This is a small incident， but it's incident like this that could destroy consumer confidence and export confidence， ”says Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufacturers of America. “We already have Europe shaky on biotech. The countries to whom we export are going to look at this.”
The University of Illinois says it tested the DNA of every piglet eight times to make sure that the animal hadn't inherited the genetic engineering of its mother. Those piglets that did were put back into the study. Those that didn't were sold to the pig broker. “Any pig who's tested negative for the genes since 1999 has been sent off to market， ”says Charles Zukoski， vice chancellor for research.
But FDA deputy commissioner Lester Crawford says that under the terms of the university's agreement with the FDA， the researchers were forbidden to remove the piglets without FDA approval. “The University of Illinois failed to check with FDA to see whether or not the animals could be sold on the open market. And they were not to be used under any circumstance for food.”
The FDA is responsible for regulating and overseeing transgenic animals because such genetic manipulation is considered an unapproved animal drug.
21. The 386 piglets wrongfully sold into food supply are from
［A］ Europe［B］ an American research organization
［C］ a meat processing plant［D］ an animal farm
22. The purpose of the transgenic engineering research is to
［A］ get pigs of larger size in a shorter time
［B］ make sows produce more milk
［C］ make cows produce more milk
［D］ make pigs grow more lean meat
23. The 4th paragraph shows that the University of Illinois
［A］ was criticized by the FDA
［B］ is in great trouble
［C］ is required by the FDA to call back the sold piglets
［D］ may have to pay the penalty
24. The FDA declares that the wrongfully sold piglets
［A］ may have side effects on consumers ［B］ may be harmful to consumers
［C］ are safe to consumers［D］ may cause human illness
25. It can be inferred from this passage that
［A］ all the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
［B］ part of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
［C］ none of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
［D］ half of the offspring have their mothers' genetic engineering
Text 2
Foods are overwhelmingly the most advertised group of all consumer products in the United States. Food products lead in expenditures for network and spot television advertisements， discount coupons， trading stamps， contests， and other forms of premium advertising. In other media—newspapers， magazines， newspaper supplements， billboards， and radio—food advertising expenditures rank near the top. Food manufacturers spend more on advertising than any other manufacturing group， and the nation's grocery stores rank first among all retailers.