英語學習順口溜和小竅門(3)

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五種基本句型歌
    英語句子萬萬千,五大句型把線牽。
    句型種類為動詞,后接什么是關鍵;
    系詞后面接表語;vi獨身無牽連;
    vt又可分三類,單賓雙賓最常見,
    還有賓語補足語;各種搭配記心間。
    五種基本句型:
    1.主語+系動詞+表語
    2.主語+不及物動詞
    3.主語+及物動詞+賓語
    4.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
    5.主語+及物動詞+賓語1+賓語2
    對劃線部分提問的程序
    一代(用疑問詞代替劃線部分),
    二移(把疑問詞移至句首)
    三倒(顛倒主謂語,但對主語或其定語提問時除外)
    四抄(照抄其它部分)
    直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時人稱代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律
    一從主 He said to Tom,“I can help them.”
    He said to Tom that he could help them.
    二從賓 He said to her,“You can help them.”
    He told her that she could help them.
    三不變 He said to Tom,“They can help them.”
    He told Tom that they could help them.
    祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語的規(guī)律
    一改 (主句謂語動詞)
    二變 (呼語為間接賓語)
    三加 (to)
    四去 (please)
    不帶to的不定式作賓補
    不定式,不帶to,九個動詞要記住,
    一聽(hear)二看(see,watch)三感覺(feel,notice,observe),make,let和have;
    作賓補,是禿頭;當主補時要帶to.
    before和ago巧記
    before帶在點之前,ago總在段之后。
    before時態(tài)不確定,過去時中用ago。
    be在現(xiàn)在時中與人稱的搭配
    我是am,你是are,is跟隨著他,她,它。
    復數(shù)后面用什么,統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是一個are。
    肯定句變疑問句口訣
    “是,情,助”,移向前,
    主語其后把身安,
    一般,現(xiàn)在,與過去,
    do,does,did添在前,再改謂語為原形。
    最后要把問號點。
    be made of 和be made from 巧記
    物質(zhì)不變用of,物質(zhì)變化from,如果物質(zhì)不明白,可問君自何處來?
    要求跟隨動名詞的動詞
    (1)“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃),mind,miss,enjoy,give up,admit,avoid,finish,escape,practise.
    (2)“makes (a) fit speach”mind,Avoid,keep,Enjoy,Suggest/Finish,Imagine,Think about,Spend,Practise,Excuse,escape,Can't help
    要求跟不定式的動詞
    “要想干,同意辦,愿意不愿意,決定盡量干?!?BR>    A要求,想要,希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)
    B同意(agree,promise)
    C意愿(care,hate,refuse)
    D決定,企圖(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage)
    要求跟不定式作賓補的動詞
    (1)勸教命請叫(advise,teach,order,command,ask,tell)
    (2)允許又警告(allow,permit,warn)
    (3)使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)
    (4)知覺動詞妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)<省卻to>
    既跟動名詞也跟不定式的動詞
    begin,start,continue,forget,remember,regret,intend,like,love,hate,try,mean.
    用不定式和動名詞造成的意義上的差別歸為五點:
    不定式 動名詞
    A)某一具體行動 指一般的、經(jīng)常的情況
    B)表示主語和賓語的動作 可能表示任何人的動作
    C)主動 被動
    D)未發(fā)生的事 已發(fā)生的事
    E)短暫的或可能進行的事 延續(xù)的或重復發(fā)生的事
    She hated to talk about people's shortcomings.
    She hate talking about people's shortcomings.
    She wants to repair the desk.
    The desk wants repairing.
    常見的要求跟動名詞作賓語,跟不定式作賓語的動詞有:
    advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit.連接首字母即為A Fu's Cap(阿福的帽子)
    阿福的帽子,代表七動詞,賓補不定式,賓語動名詞
    Ex.—What is it that they permit?
    —Some old magazines.
    A.taking away B.being taken away
    C.to take away D.to be taken away