大學(xué)英語四級考試復(fù)合式聽寫
外語教育網(wǎng)四六級輔導(dǎo)專家 梁海燕
為了更好地、科學(xué)地、客觀地衡量大學(xué)生的英語水平及語言應(yīng)用能力，國家英語四、六級考委會本著為教學(xué)服務(wù)的精神，認(rèn)真研究測試手段對教學(xué)的反映作用，不斷提高測試的質(zhì)量。從1996年年初起已正式啟用翻譯、簡答題、聽寫等新題型。長期以來，聽力對學(xué)生來說一直是一個很大的障礙，聽寫就更是難上加難了。全國大學(xué)英語四級統(tǒng)考于97年6月首次采用了"復(fù)合式聽寫"（Compound Dictation）這一題型，它比聽力選擇題更強調(diào)語言綜合運用能力，考生不僅要具有良好的聽的能力，還應(yīng)具有較強的拼寫能力，記筆記能力和書面表達(dá)能力，聽的能力是"復(fù)合式聽寫"的基礎(chǔ)。怎樣應(yīng)試好聽寫部分呢？
Section B Compound Dictation外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage Three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
在英語四級考試中，考生在做第8－10個填空時，由于沒弄懂題意，只想著全部聽寫下來，結(jié)果感到速度太快，記不下來。聽寫部分意思雖然理解了，也沒用自己的話表達(dá)，白白地丟掉了好幾分。四級聽力考試中，除了對話和短文的解題要點以外，做英語四級聽寫部分時，還要根據(jù)聽寫題材本身的特點，采用一些不同的技巧。要做好聽寫題，必須所把握好以下幾點：
（1）利用間隙，瀏覽全文，積極預(yù)測。
聽寫部分開頭有一段較長的Directions，其長度約為150詞左右，差不多等于聽寫短文本身。按每分鐘130－150個詞的語速朗讀，大約需要1分多一點的時間才能讀完。而Directions的內(nèi)容考生在平時的訓(xùn)練中已經(jīng)多次接觸，非常熟悉，沒有必要再去細(xì)聽慢讀，應(yīng)該有效地利用這一段寶貴的時間，通讀全文，積極預(yù)測文章的內(nèi)容。因為聽寫部分（除復(fù)合式聽寫的第二部分外）卷面所提供的文字信息往往比所要求填寫的信息多，利用這些已知的信息預(yù)測未知的信息可以大大提高填詞的針對性。
通過卷面文字捕捉信息，找出線索、了解大意。"復(fù)合式聽寫"材料多為說明文，這一體裁的文章具有主題突出，條理分明，層次清楚，語言簡潔，邏輯性強的特點。文章的開頭或段首多半有主題句（topic sentence），之后的段、句進(jìn)一步具體擴展、說明或論證主題句。段首和段尾均有完整的主題句。考生應(yīng)利用一切機會，如考前空隙或播放考試指令時間，瀏覽試卷該項下的文字部分，尤其是主題句，根據(jù)主題句預(yù)測文章發(fā)展線索和大意。
Passage One
If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably (S1) _________ on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically, mentally, and (S2)_______now. You probably don't spend much time worrying about the (S3)_______future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or (S4)________,how you will take care of yourself in your (S5)_______years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have (S6)_______your mind once in a while， however, if you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health related thoughts are likely to become(S7)________important to you.
(S8)_________that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. (S9)_________ giving us the opportunity to avoid some of health problems that have troubled them. (S10)____________
(S1) focused
(S2) emotionally
(S3) distant
(S4) cancer
(S5) retirement
(S6) crossed
(S7) increasingly
(S8)Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current life style
(S9)We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past,
(S10)And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation.
(1) present-now-future
(2) Para. 1 Changes of people's concerns (young——older)
(3) Para. 2 how to feel better and avoid some health problems
即使"復(fù)合式聽寫"材料為其它體裁的文章，聽音前瀏覽下試題也大有裨益。因為文章具有一致性和連貫性的特點，從試題中我們總會搜索到一些有參考價值的材料。1997年6月份大學(xué)英語四級考試中的聽寫文章：考生掃一眼便會知道是一篇關(guān)于policeman和他們的job的事，這樣就不會措手不及，心慌意亂，影響正常水平的發(fā)揮了。
Passage Two外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
(1997.6)
In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no (S1) _____ day for a police officer. Some days are (S2)_________ slow, and the job is (S3)________; other days are so busy that there is no time to eat. I think I can (S4)________ police work in one word: (S5)________. Sometimes it's dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing (S6) ________ clothes, not my police (S7)________. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly,(S8) ___________________________________________Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (S9)_____________________ ___________. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, （S10) _____________________.
(S1) typical
(S2) relatively
(S3) boring
(S4) describe
(S5) variety
(S6) normal
(S7) uniform
(S8) seven bad men jumped out at me/came to me and we got into/began a fight.
(S9) She was trying to get to/going to the hospital. But there was a bad traffic jam.
(S10) the baby arrived in the hospital.
原文：
S8. seven bad men jumped out at me; one of them had a knife, and we got into a fight.
S9. She was trying to get to the hospital, but there was a bad traffic jam.
S10. the baby waited to "arrive" until we got to the hospital.
縮小了內(nèi)容范圍，考生聽音時更具針對性和準(zhǔn)確性，心理放松，更為自信，使自己在考試中處于主動地位。
（2）聽第一遍錄音應(yīng)從大處著眼，小處著手，聽為主，記為輔，聽寫結(jié)合，雙管齊下
聽第一遍錄音時應(yīng)盡量放松，抓主要信息（大處著眼），將注意力集中在空格部分，尤其注意聽清或?qū)懴碌谝粋€詞和后一個詞（小處著手）。否則，就可能糊里糊涂地什么也沒聽清。要特別提醒：聽第一遍時不要手忙腳亂、邊聽邊記，或為了某一個詞而造成意識上的暫時停頓，破壞整句或整段的理解。
第一遍是全文朗讀，要求考生注意聽懂全文內(nèi)容。由于聽音前考生已瀏覽了卷面文字，對聽力材料有了大致的了解，因此聽讀第一遍時，考生可以適當(dāng)?shù)靥顚懶﹩卧~和做些筆記，聽為主，記為輔。第一遍記下關(guān)鍵詞有助于第二遍聽寫時啟發(fā)記憶，提示要點，同時也減輕了第二遍筆記的任務(wù)，使筆記更加充實、完整，依次與出的內(nèi)容要點才會更加全面、準(zhǔn)確。聽和記兩種不同的語言技能在"復(fù)合式聽寫"中有著緊密的聯(lián)系，相互促進(jìn)。
（3）聽第二遍錄音時，留神停頓信號，注意意群和關(guān)鍵詞語。外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
第二遍在聽懂的基礎(chǔ)上，迅速記下所聽的內(nèi)容。這一遍主要是搶速度，用簡寫等方式或用圖形、符號記錄下內(nèi)容就行。一般考生聽完兩遍基本可聽懂句意；但只憑記憶寫要點，往往容易有疏漏和錯誤。足夠信息量的筆記是寫好要點的重要條件；但如何在有限的時間內(nèi)記錄下更多的內(nèi)容呢？這里介紹幾種方法。
首先，可使用縮略語?？捎胑sp.代especially，sth代something， apprec代appreciation等。沒有縮略語的詞匯，如字母較少的單詞，可完整寫出該詞，如gift, take，字母較多的單詞（只寫該詞前幾個字母；這里的基本要求是快速，省時，并能表達(dá)含義?？s略語不一定要求規(guī)范，甚至可用些符號，所記內(nèi)容不一定要求完整，只要能起到提示的作用，自己能看懂就行了。
其次，由于"復(fù)合式聽寫"第二部分朗讀時沒有停頓，即使使用縮略語也難記下全文，因此考生應(yīng)有選擇地記筆記。英語中實詞具有表意功能，而虛詞多具語法功能，所以記詞應(yīng)以實詞為主。
另外，因為"復(fù)合式聽寫"第二部分只要求寫出內(nèi)容要點，這樣考生應(yīng)重點記下句中的中心詞。短語a thank-you gift，greatly appreciated和quite acceptable中的定、狀語便可略去不記。
通過這幾種方法，考生大大壓縮了所記的詞語，贏得了時間，精練了內(nèi)容，增大了筆記的信息量，提高記筆記的效率，為寫好內(nèi)容要點創(chuàng)造了條件。
（4）聽第三遍錄音時，注意聽沒有聽明白或沒有記錄下來的詞或句。
如果都已記下，就重點檢查、修正記錄內(nèi)容?？忌鷳?yīng)針對以上內(nèi)容及第一部分和第二部分的主題句進(jìn)行診斷，判斷，概括。文章要點顯然不可缺漏，但也并非多多益善，考生應(yīng)分清主次，有所取舍，從這個意義上說，"復(fù)合式聽寫"還要求考生具有一定的邏輯分析和歸納能力。文字表達(dá)應(yīng)簡潔、通順、準(zhǔn)確。
如：分析Passage Two 的原文：
S8 seven bad men jumped out at me; one of them had a knife, and we got into a fight.
S9. She was trying to get to the hospital, but there was a bad traffic jam.
S10. the baby waited to "arrive" until we got to the hospital.
Passage Two的參考答案：
(S8) seven bad men jumped out at me/came to me and we got into/began a fight.
(S9) She was trying to get to/going to the hospital. But there was a bad traffic jam.
(S10) the baby arrived in the hospital.
我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它有以下特點：外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
1．將內(nèi)容要點分列為幾點，清楚明白，一目了然。
2．要點盡可能用完整的簡單句表達(dá)，不宜用短語，句式也不宜過于復(fù)雜。
3．盡量省去語句中可有可無的修飾成份。
總而言之，考生應(yīng)用有限的詞語簡潔明了地概括出所聽內(nèi)容的全部要點，使內(nèi)容要點和語言表達(dá)達(dá)到有機的完美統(tǒng)一。
（5）聽音結(jié)束后
"復(fù)合式聽寫"第三遍朗讀供考生進(jìn)行核對，核對是后必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)，考生應(yīng)抓住時機彌補前兩遍聽音時所忽略或遺漏的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步修改和完善自己的答案。 聽寫第一部分要求考生填入所缺單詞，有時考生只憑辯音仍難以準(zhǔn)確地判斷出應(yīng)為何詞，此時考生可運用自己的語言知識，修正聽力細(xì)節(jié)上的不足。主要可以從語法結(jié)構(gòu)，詞語搭配、意義連貫、上下文等多角度去推測、分析和判斷，并正確拼寫出單詞。而在核對聽寫第二部分內(nèi)容要點表達(dá)時，則應(yīng)注意力求要點完整、準(zhǔn)確，盡量減少語言中語法、拼寫等錯誤。 單詞是否拼寫正確往往暗示你是否真正聽懂了。寫錯了單詞而且錯誤還比較多的話，很難說你已聽懂了。所以，平時應(yīng)加強拼寫練習(xí)。
出題規(guī)律
1)1-7題設(shè)計規(guī)律
① 所填單詞以實詞為主。97，98兩年的復(fù)合式聽寫中只有一個是介詞，其他13個全是名詞、形容詞或副詞。
② 7個單詞以評價性詞匯為主，也就是說可以從上下文找到說明的信息。如97年6月的復(fù)合式聽寫：
In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no?。?）"______" day for a police officer.
既然沒有一天是相同的，也就沒有哪一天是"典型的"。根據(jù)這種因果說明可以判斷所填單詞為typical。而沒有一天完全相同，也正說明了警察的工作富于變化，由此也可以判斷下面的第5個空填variety ( I think I can (describe) police word in one word:（5） _______.)。
③ 表示上下義的詞匯為題眼
有些詞語即使聽不清楚同樣可以填出。如98年1月的復(fù)合式聽寫。
Very few people can get college degree before 11, but Michael was an exception.
He started high school when he was 5, finishing in just nine months. He became the (S1) ______ youngest college graduate when he was 10 years and 4 months old, earning an (S2)______ degree. Now at 11 Michael's working on a master's degree in (S3)______ intelligence. But Michael's (S4) ______ hasn't always come easy. (S5) ______ his intelligence, he still lacks important life(S6) ______. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (S7) ______ novels, because, he says, "I'm 11. I've never been in love before."
Another challenge was his size. (S8) ______________________________He likes computers so much (S9)______________________________________ He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks. (S10)___________________________________ .
(S1) world's
(S2) architecture
(S3) artificial外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
(S4) success
(S5) Despite
(S6) experiences
(S7) romantic
(S8) high school physical education was difficult, because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.
(S9) that in graduate school he's studying how to make them think like people.
(S10) Michael is smart, but he is like every other kid.
文章的第一段介紹了Michael如何5歲上高中，10歲上大學(xué)，11歲攻讀碩士學(xué)位。第二段開始一個轉(zhuǎn)折，介紹他的這種"成功"也來之不易。 所填單詞為以上信息的上義詞，對上文的總結(jié)，自然應(yīng)該是success。(But Michael's _____ hasn't always come easy.)
④ 表示同義或反義的詞匯為題眼
復(fù)合式聽寫所填詞匯一部分是同義或反義關(guān)系，如97年考題：
One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing?。?）____ clothes, not my police?。?）______.
通常情況下警察所穿的應(yīng)該是"制服"，即uniform，這樣，police uniform和normal clothes就構(gòu)成反義關(guān)系。根據(jù)（6）（7）的對照關(guān)系，可以判斷（6）所表示的應(yīng)該是"便裝"，這也正式對上文working undercover的解釋。
⑤ 對文章敘述邏輯的考查
敘述邏輯即上下文的因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、解釋等關(guān)系。如果同學(xué)們能看出這些關(guān)系，則不用聽就可以將所缺單詞填上。如98年考題。
But Michael's (success) hasn't always come easy. (5)______ his intelligence, he still lacks important life (6)_______. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (7)______ novels, because, he says, "I'm 11. I've never been in love before."
由上下文個邏輯關(guān)系可以判斷（5）應(yīng)該填Despite，即雖然他很聰慧，但卻缺乏很重要的生活……。后面在課上所發(fā)生的事情是說明他缺乏（……）的一個例證。例證本身不僅說明了（6）應(yīng)該填experiences，同時加上后文中的"I'm 11. I've never been in love before." 說明（7）應(yīng)該填love或romantic。
2）8-10題設(shè)計規(guī)律
8-10基本上是三句話，從句子內(nèi)容來看，大體有兩種情況。
① 用于說明主題的細(xì)節(jié)
這部分聽寫一般是段落的主題已經(jīng)給出，要求同學(xué)們補全細(xì)節(jié)。如98年考題：
Another challenge was his size. (8) _____________________________.
緊接著的一句顯然是用來說明Another challenge was his size.的，原句是high school physical education was difficult, because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.
97年的8-10題也是如此，所描述的是用來說明警察工作危險的細(xì)節(jié)。請看原文：
Sometimes, it's dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover,……… I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly, (8) ____. Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (9) ______. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, (10) ____________.
② 概括性的結(jié)論或主題外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
95年以來，復(fù)合式聽寫只考過幾次，其中98年的第十句為結(jié)論句（Michael is smart, but he is like every other kid. ）是全文的一個概括。主題與結(jié)論作為文章的重點之筆應(yīng)該是聽力理解的重點，也應(yīng)該是復(fù)合式聽力所應(yīng)包含的內(nèi)容。
解題技巧:
根據(jù)上面所談的復(fù)合式聽寫的特點，建議在做復(fù)合式聽寫時好做到以下幾點：
① 注意話題知識的運用，文章的話題規(guī)定了用詞范圍。
② 利用詞匯的上下義和同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系。
③ 根據(jù)上下文推測詞匯的運用。
④ 在做8-10題時，在不能將原句完全記下的情況下, 將關(guān)鍵詞記下來, 然后根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合文章敘述的邏輯，重新編寫句子。
(2003.1)
It's difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It's so vast, so deep, so (S1)_______. Unfortunately, it's not bottomless. Overfishing, (S2)________ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (S3)________ their environment.
Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen's means of living. At least 60 ( S4)___________ of the world's commercially important fish (S5)____________ are already over fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.
Big, high tech fleets (S6)________ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That's an (S7)________ of more than 20 million metric tons every year.
(S8)_________________________
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (對蝦)caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
True, (S9)_________________ , before every ocean becomes a de ad sea.
(S10)____________________ , then catch them in a way that doesn't kill other innocent sea life.
S1 mysterious
S2 coupled
S3 ruining
S4 percent
S5 species
S6 ensure
S7 average
S8 When you consider, that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem.
S9 some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it's vital we find rational ways of fishing,
S10 It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce,
It's difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It's so vast, so deep, so mysterious. Unfortunately, it's not bottomless. Over fishing, coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.
Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen's means of living. At least 60 percent of the world's commercially important fish species are already over fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.
Big, high-tech fleets ensure that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That's an average of more than 20 million metric tons every year.
When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem. In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (對蝦)caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
True, some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it's vital we find rational ways of fishing, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.
It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce, then catch them in a way that doesn't kill other innocent sea life.外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
復(fù)合式聽寫很大程度上利用了完形填空的詞匯和篇章技巧，同時在有三題中又運用了寫作的技法。但是否能夠以適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言準(zhǔn)確地補全短文所缺信息，不是技巧本身所能做到的，需要考生平時加強這方面的訓(xùn)練。
以上簡要分析了四級聽力測試的特點和可以運用的一些方法技巧。但是，聽力能力的發(fā)展不是一朝一夕可練就的，更不是知道幾個小竅門就能解決問題的。希望同學(xué)們結(jié)合四級考試聽力測試的特點，有針對性地強化訓(xùn)練，同時注意解題的技巧，可望在短時間之內(nèi)有個突破。
外語教育網(wǎng)四六級輔導(dǎo)專家 梁海燕
為了更好地、科學(xué)地、客觀地衡量大學(xué)生的英語水平及語言應(yīng)用能力，國家英語四、六級考委會本著為教學(xué)服務(wù)的精神，認(rèn)真研究測試手段對教學(xué)的反映作用，不斷提高測試的質(zhì)量。從1996年年初起已正式啟用翻譯、簡答題、聽寫等新題型。長期以來，聽力對學(xué)生來說一直是一個很大的障礙，聽寫就更是難上加難了。全國大學(xué)英語四級統(tǒng)考于97年6月首次采用了"復(fù)合式聽寫"（Compound Dictation）這一題型，它比聽力選擇題更強調(diào)語言綜合運用能力，考生不僅要具有良好的聽的能力，還應(yīng)具有較強的拼寫能力，記筆記能力和書面表達(dá)能力，聽的能力是"復(fù)合式聽寫"的基礎(chǔ)。怎樣應(yīng)試好聽寫部分呢？
Section B Compound Dictation外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage Three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
在英語四級考試中，考生在做第8－10個填空時，由于沒弄懂題意，只想著全部聽寫下來，結(jié)果感到速度太快，記不下來。聽寫部分意思雖然理解了，也沒用自己的話表達(dá)，白白地丟掉了好幾分。四級聽力考試中，除了對話和短文的解題要點以外，做英語四級聽寫部分時，還要根據(jù)聽寫題材本身的特點，采用一些不同的技巧。要做好聽寫題，必須所把握好以下幾點：
（1）利用間隙，瀏覽全文，積極預(yù)測。
聽寫部分開頭有一段較長的Directions，其長度約為150詞左右，差不多等于聽寫短文本身。按每分鐘130－150個詞的語速朗讀，大約需要1分多一點的時間才能讀完。而Directions的內(nèi)容考生在平時的訓(xùn)練中已經(jīng)多次接觸，非常熟悉，沒有必要再去細(xì)聽慢讀，應(yīng)該有效地利用這一段寶貴的時間，通讀全文，積極預(yù)測文章的內(nèi)容。因為聽寫部分（除復(fù)合式聽寫的第二部分外）卷面所提供的文字信息往往比所要求填寫的信息多，利用這些已知的信息預(yù)測未知的信息可以大大提高填詞的針對性。
通過卷面文字捕捉信息，找出線索、了解大意。"復(fù)合式聽寫"材料多為說明文，這一體裁的文章具有主題突出，條理分明，層次清楚，語言簡潔，邏輯性強的特點。文章的開頭或段首多半有主題句（topic sentence），之后的段、句進(jìn)一步具體擴展、說明或論證主題句。段首和段尾均有完整的主題句。考生應(yīng)利用一切機會，如考前空隙或播放考試指令時間，瀏覽試卷該項下的文字部分，尤其是主題句，根據(jù)主題句預(yù)測文章發(fā)展線索和大意。
Passage One
If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably (S1) _________ on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically, mentally, and (S2)_______now. You probably don't spend much time worrying about the (S3)_______future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or (S4)________,how you will take care of yourself in your (S5)_______years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have (S6)_______your mind once in a while， however, if you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health related thoughts are likely to become(S7)________important to you.
(S8)_________that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. (S9)_________ giving us the opportunity to avoid some of health problems that have troubled them. (S10)____________
(S1) focused
(S2) emotionally
(S3) distant
(S4) cancer
(S5) retirement
(S6) crossed
(S7) increasingly
(S8)Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current life style
(S9)We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past,
(S10)And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation.
(1) present-now-future
(2) Para. 1 Changes of people's concerns (young——older)
(3) Para. 2 how to feel better and avoid some health problems
即使"復(fù)合式聽寫"材料為其它體裁的文章，聽音前瀏覽下試題也大有裨益。因為文章具有一致性和連貫性的特點，從試題中我們總會搜索到一些有參考價值的材料。1997年6月份大學(xué)英語四級考試中的聽寫文章：考生掃一眼便會知道是一篇關(guān)于policeman和他們的job的事，這樣就不會措手不及，心慌意亂，影響正常水平的發(fā)揮了。
Passage Two外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
(1997.6)
In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no (S1) _____ day for a police officer. Some days are (S2)_________ slow, and the job is (S3)________; other days are so busy that there is no time to eat. I think I can (S4)________ police work in one word: (S5)________. Sometimes it's dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing (S6) ________ clothes, not my police (S7)________. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly,(S8) ___________________________________________Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (S9)_____________________ ___________. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, （S10) _____________________.
(S1) typical
(S2) relatively
(S3) boring
(S4) describe
(S5) variety
(S6) normal
(S7) uniform
(S8) seven bad men jumped out at me/came to me and we got into/began a fight.
(S9) She was trying to get to/going to the hospital. But there was a bad traffic jam.
(S10) the baby arrived in the hospital.
原文：
S8. seven bad men jumped out at me; one of them had a knife, and we got into a fight.
S9. She was trying to get to the hospital, but there was a bad traffic jam.
S10. the baby waited to "arrive" until we got to the hospital.
縮小了內(nèi)容范圍，考生聽音時更具針對性和準(zhǔn)確性，心理放松，更為自信，使自己在考試中處于主動地位。
（2）聽第一遍錄音應(yīng)從大處著眼，小處著手，聽為主，記為輔，聽寫結(jié)合，雙管齊下
聽第一遍錄音時應(yīng)盡量放松，抓主要信息（大處著眼），將注意力集中在空格部分，尤其注意聽清或?qū)懴碌谝粋€詞和后一個詞（小處著手）。否則，就可能糊里糊涂地什么也沒聽清。要特別提醒：聽第一遍時不要手忙腳亂、邊聽邊記，或為了某一個詞而造成意識上的暫時停頓，破壞整句或整段的理解。
第一遍是全文朗讀，要求考生注意聽懂全文內(nèi)容。由于聽音前考生已瀏覽了卷面文字，對聽力材料有了大致的了解，因此聽讀第一遍時，考生可以適當(dāng)?shù)靥顚懶﹩卧~和做些筆記，聽為主，記為輔。第一遍記下關(guān)鍵詞有助于第二遍聽寫時啟發(fā)記憶，提示要點，同時也減輕了第二遍筆記的任務(wù)，使筆記更加充實、完整，依次與出的內(nèi)容要點才會更加全面、準(zhǔn)確。聽和記兩種不同的語言技能在"復(fù)合式聽寫"中有著緊密的聯(lián)系，相互促進(jìn)。
（3）聽第二遍錄音時，留神停頓信號，注意意群和關(guān)鍵詞語。外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
第二遍在聽懂的基礎(chǔ)上，迅速記下所聽的內(nèi)容。這一遍主要是搶速度，用簡寫等方式或用圖形、符號記錄下內(nèi)容就行。一般考生聽完兩遍基本可聽懂句意；但只憑記憶寫要點，往往容易有疏漏和錯誤。足夠信息量的筆記是寫好要點的重要條件；但如何在有限的時間內(nèi)記錄下更多的內(nèi)容呢？這里介紹幾種方法。
首先，可使用縮略語?？捎胑sp.代especially，sth代something， apprec代appreciation等。沒有縮略語的詞匯，如字母較少的單詞，可完整寫出該詞，如gift, take，字母較多的單詞（只寫該詞前幾個字母；這里的基本要求是快速，省時，并能表達(dá)含義?？s略語不一定要求規(guī)范，甚至可用些符號，所記內(nèi)容不一定要求完整，只要能起到提示的作用，自己能看懂就行了。
其次，由于"復(fù)合式聽寫"第二部分朗讀時沒有停頓，即使使用縮略語也難記下全文，因此考生應(yīng)有選擇地記筆記。英語中實詞具有表意功能，而虛詞多具語法功能，所以記詞應(yīng)以實詞為主。
另外，因為"復(fù)合式聽寫"第二部分只要求寫出內(nèi)容要點，這樣考生應(yīng)重點記下句中的中心詞。短語a thank-you gift，greatly appreciated和quite acceptable中的定、狀語便可略去不記。
通過這幾種方法，考生大大壓縮了所記的詞語，贏得了時間，精練了內(nèi)容，增大了筆記的信息量，提高記筆記的效率，為寫好內(nèi)容要點創(chuàng)造了條件。
（4）聽第三遍錄音時，注意聽沒有聽明白或沒有記錄下來的詞或句。
如果都已記下，就重點檢查、修正記錄內(nèi)容?？忌鷳?yīng)針對以上內(nèi)容及第一部分和第二部分的主題句進(jìn)行診斷，判斷，概括。文章要點顯然不可缺漏，但也并非多多益善，考生應(yīng)分清主次，有所取舍，從這個意義上說，"復(fù)合式聽寫"還要求考生具有一定的邏輯分析和歸納能力。文字表達(dá)應(yīng)簡潔、通順、準(zhǔn)確。
如：分析Passage Two 的原文：
S8 seven bad men jumped out at me; one of them had a knife, and we got into a fight.
S9. She was trying to get to the hospital, but there was a bad traffic jam.
S10. the baby waited to "arrive" until we got to the hospital.
Passage Two的參考答案：
(S8) seven bad men jumped out at me/came to me and we got into/began a fight.
(S9) She was trying to get to/going to the hospital. But there was a bad traffic jam.
(S10) the baby arrived in the hospital.
我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它有以下特點：外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
1．將內(nèi)容要點分列為幾點，清楚明白，一目了然。
2．要點盡可能用完整的簡單句表達(dá)，不宜用短語，句式也不宜過于復(fù)雜。
3．盡量省去語句中可有可無的修飾成份。
總而言之，考生應(yīng)用有限的詞語簡潔明了地概括出所聽內(nèi)容的全部要點，使內(nèi)容要點和語言表達(dá)達(dá)到有機的完美統(tǒng)一。
（5）聽音結(jié)束后
"復(fù)合式聽寫"第三遍朗讀供考生進(jìn)行核對，核對是后必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)，考生應(yīng)抓住時機彌補前兩遍聽音時所忽略或遺漏的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步修改和完善自己的答案。 聽寫第一部分要求考生填入所缺單詞，有時考生只憑辯音仍難以準(zhǔn)確地判斷出應(yīng)為何詞，此時考生可運用自己的語言知識，修正聽力細(xì)節(jié)上的不足。主要可以從語法結(jié)構(gòu)，詞語搭配、意義連貫、上下文等多角度去推測、分析和判斷，并正確拼寫出單詞。而在核對聽寫第二部分內(nèi)容要點表達(dá)時，則應(yīng)注意力求要點完整、準(zhǔn)確，盡量減少語言中語法、拼寫等錯誤。 單詞是否拼寫正確往往暗示你是否真正聽懂了。寫錯了單詞而且錯誤還比較多的話，很難說你已聽懂了。所以，平時應(yīng)加強拼寫練習(xí)。
出題規(guī)律
1)1-7題設(shè)計規(guī)律
① 所填單詞以實詞為主。97，98兩年的復(fù)合式聽寫中只有一個是介詞，其他13個全是名詞、形容詞或副詞。
② 7個單詞以評價性詞匯為主，也就是說可以從上下文找到說明的信息。如97年6月的復(fù)合式聽寫：
In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no?。?）"______" day for a police officer.
既然沒有一天是相同的，也就沒有哪一天是"典型的"。根據(jù)這種因果說明可以判斷所填單詞為typical。而沒有一天完全相同，也正說明了警察的工作富于變化，由此也可以判斷下面的第5個空填variety ( I think I can (describe) police word in one word:（5） _______.)。
③ 表示上下義的詞匯為題眼
有些詞語即使聽不清楚同樣可以填出。如98年1月的復(fù)合式聽寫。
Very few people can get college degree before 11, but Michael was an exception.
He started high school when he was 5, finishing in just nine months. He became the (S1) ______ youngest college graduate when he was 10 years and 4 months old, earning an (S2)______ degree. Now at 11 Michael's working on a master's degree in (S3)______ intelligence. But Michael's (S4) ______ hasn't always come easy. (S5) ______ his intelligence, he still lacks important life(S6) ______. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (S7) ______ novels, because, he says, "I'm 11. I've never been in love before."
Another challenge was his size. (S8) ______________________________He likes computers so much (S9)______________________________________ He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks. (S10)___________________________________ .
(S1) world's
(S2) architecture
(S3) artificial外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
(S4) success
(S5) Despite
(S6) experiences
(S7) romantic
(S8) high school physical education was difficult, because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.
(S9) that in graduate school he's studying how to make them think like people.
(S10) Michael is smart, but he is like every other kid.
文章的第一段介紹了Michael如何5歲上高中，10歲上大學(xué)，11歲攻讀碩士學(xué)位。第二段開始一個轉(zhuǎn)折，介紹他的這種"成功"也來之不易。 所填單詞為以上信息的上義詞，對上文的總結(jié)，自然應(yīng)該是success。(But Michael's _____ hasn't always come easy.)
④ 表示同義或反義的詞匯為題眼
復(fù)合式聽寫所填詞匯一部分是同義或反義關(guān)系，如97年考題：
One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing?。?）____ clothes, not my police?。?）______.
通常情況下警察所穿的應(yīng)該是"制服"，即uniform，這樣，police uniform和normal clothes就構(gòu)成反義關(guān)系。根據(jù)（6）（7）的對照關(guān)系，可以判斷（6）所表示的應(yīng)該是"便裝"，這也正式對上文working undercover的解釋。
⑤ 對文章敘述邏輯的考查
敘述邏輯即上下文的因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、解釋等關(guān)系。如果同學(xué)們能看出這些關(guān)系，則不用聽就可以將所缺單詞填上。如98年考題。
But Michael's (success) hasn't always come easy. (5)______ his intelligence, he still lacks important life (6)_______. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (7)______ novels, because, he says, "I'm 11. I've never been in love before."
由上下文個邏輯關(guān)系可以判斷（5）應(yīng)該填Despite，即雖然他很聰慧，但卻缺乏很重要的生活……。后面在課上所發(fā)生的事情是說明他缺乏（……）的一個例證。例證本身不僅說明了（6）應(yīng)該填experiences，同時加上后文中的"I'm 11. I've never been in love before." 說明（7）應(yīng)該填love或romantic。
2）8-10題設(shè)計規(guī)律
8-10基本上是三句話，從句子內(nèi)容來看，大體有兩種情況。
① 用于說明主題的細(xì)節(jié)
這部分聽寫一般是段落的主題已經(jīng)給出，要求同學(xué)們補全細(xì)節(jié)。如98年考題：
Another challenge was his size. (8) _____________________________.
緊接著的一句顯然是用來說明Another challenge was his size.的，原句是high school physical education was difficult, because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.
97年的8-10題也是如此，所描述的是用來說明警察工作危險的細(xì)節(jié)。請看原文：
Sometimes, it's dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover,……… I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly, (8) ____. Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (9) ______. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, (10) ____________.
② 概括性的結(jié)論或主題外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
95年以來，復(fù)合式聽寫只考過幾次，其中98年的第十句為結(jié)論句（Michael is smart, but he is like every other kid. ）是全文的一個概括。主題與結(jié)論作為文章的重點之筆應(yīng)該是聽力理解的重點，也應(yīng)該是復(fù)合式聽力所應(yīng)包含的內(nèi)容。
解題技巧:
根據(jù)上面所談的復(fù)合式聽寫的特點，建議在做復(fù)合式聽寫時好做到以下幾點：
① 注意話題知識的運用，文章的話題規(guī)定了用詞范圍。
② 利用詞匯的上下義和同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系。
③ 根據(jù)上下文推測詞匯的運用。
④ 在做8-10題時，在不能將原句完全記下的情況下, 將關(guān)鍵詞記下來, 然后根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合文章敘述的邏輯，重新編寫句子。
(2003.1)
It's difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It's so vast, so deep, so (S1)_______. Unfortunately, it's not bottomless. Overfishing, (S2)________ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (S3)________ their environment.
Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen's means of living. At least 60 ( S4)___________ of the world's commercially important fish (S5)____________ are already over fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.
Big, high tech fleets (S6)________ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That's an (S7)________ of more than 20 million metric tons every year.
(S8)_________________________
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (對蝦)caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
True, (S9)_________________ , before every ocean becomes a de ad sea.
(S10)____________________ , then catch them in a way that doesn't kill other innocent sea life.
S1 mysterious
S2 coupled
S3 ruining
S4 percent
S5 species
S6 ensure
S7 average
S8 When you consider, that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem.
S9 some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it's vital we find rational ways of fishing,
S10 It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce,
It's difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It's so vast, so deep, so mysterious. Unfortunately, it's not bottomless. Over fishing, coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.
Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen's means of living. At least 60 percent of the world's commercially important fish species are already over fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.
Big, high-tech fleets ensure that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That's an average of more than 20 million metric tons every year.
When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem. In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (對蝦)caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
True, some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it's vital we find rational ways of fishing, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.
It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce, then catch them in a way that doesn't kill other innocent sea life.外語教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有www.for68.com
復(fù)合式聽寫很大程度上利用了完形填空的詞匯和篇章技巧，同時在有三題中又運用了寫作的技法。但是否能夠以適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言準(zhǔn)確地補全短文所缺信息，不是技巧本身所能做到的，需要考生平時加強這方面的訓(xùn)練。
以上簡要分析了四級聽力測試的特點和可以運用的一些方法技巧。但是，聽力能力的發(fā)展不是一朝一夕可練就的，更不是知道幾個小竅門就能解決問題的。希望同學(xué)們結(jié)合四級考試聽力測試的特點，有針對性地強化訓(xùn)練，同時注意解題的技巧，可望在短時間之內(nèi)有個突破。