四六級聽力簡短對話題型歸類和應試策略(6)

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(六)肯定與否定題
     聽力測試題有很多對話常通過某種否定形式來表示肯定含義,或是利用肯定
    形式表示否定意義。其目的是考查學生的快速反應能力和基礎知識掌握的程度。
     1 、常見的以否定形式表示肯定意義的結(jié)構有:
     cannot wait+不定式或can hardly wait+不定式(急于…,迫切希望…);
    cannot與much(或too , enough , sufficiently , over ,構成的合成詞)
     連用(無論怎么也不為過);cannot help doing (禁不住做…);cannot
    but do(不得不,必然);cannot help but do(不得不);have no choice/
    alternative but to do (除做…外別無選擇,非做…不可);nothing but
    (只有,只不過)
     ;另外,還可以通過各種比較結(jié)構來表示肯定含義,最常用的有:nothing
    less than (和…一模一樣,完全是);more A than B (與其說是B ,不如說
    是A 或是A 而不是B );less A than B (與其說是A ,不如說是B 或是B 而不
    是A )
     ;not so much A as B(是B 而不是A );A not so…as B(A 比B …),
    表達的正好是原結(jié)構中形容詞或副詞的反義。
     2 、常見的以肯定表示否定的意義的有:
     anything but(根本不);used to (過去常常,是對現(xiàn)在的情況的否定,
    說明現(xiàn)在已不這樣做);too …to…(太…以致不…,這一結(jié)構的不定式表示否
    定意義);prefer…to…(該短語否定的是介詞短語部分,表示“不喜歡或不會
    做”等);would rather…than(寧愿…而不,這一結(jié)構否定的是than后的動詞,
    would …rather than 與其用法相同。)
     「例一」
     A ) She is going to give up biology.
     B ) She spends half of her time on biology.
     C ) To her , biology is difficult , but math is not.
     D ) To her , math is even more difficult than biology.
     M : What do you think of biology ?
     W : It ‘s given me a hard time, though it is not as difficult as
    math.
     Q : What can we learn about the woman?
     「例二」
     A ) She is eager to know what the present is.
     B ) She is not anxious to know what it is.
     C ) She doesn‘t now what she is asked to wait for.
     D ) She really doesn ‘t care about the present.
     M : What did your parents buy you for your birthday?
     W : I don‘t know. But I can hardly wait to see it.
     Q : What does the woman mean ?