四、首段原則
首段原則應(yīng)用于根據(jù)首段內(nèi)容所設(shè)置的題目，它包括兩種形式：首句原則和末句原則。
1.首句原則
回顧近幾年的考研閱讀題，細(xì)心的考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷年考研試卷中都有題目針對(duì)首段第一句話(huà)設(shè)問(wèn)，為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況？原因很簡(jiǎn)單，考研閱讀所選的文章均是議論文和說(shuō)明文，此類(lèi)文章的文體要求在首段提出觀點(diǎn)、突出中心，因此第一段就好像全篇文章的一個(gè)總綱，確定了文章的主要內(nèi)容，而第一句話(huà)常常是一個(gè)自然段的主題句，首段首句自然就成為?？记冶乜嫉囊粋€(gè)考點(diǎn)。來(lái)源：www.examda.com
例
it is said that in england death is pressing， in canada inevitable and in california optional. small wonder. americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. failing hips can be replaced， clinical depression controlled， cataracts removed in a 30_minute surgical procedure. such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when i entered medicine 50 years ago. but not even a great health_care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
what is implied in the first sentence？
[a]americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[b]americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[c]americans are over_confident of their medical technology.
[d]americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.[2003年56題]
c[正確答案]
2.末句原則
有時(shí)一個(gè)自然段的主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段末，因此考點(diǎn)也相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)向末句。
例
technically， any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. they dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. this is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. the phrase“substance abuse”is often used instead of“drug abuse”to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
“substance abuse”is preferable to“drug abuse”in that.
[a]substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
[b]“drug abuse”is only related to a limited number or drug takers
[c]alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
[d]many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous[1997年59題]
d[正確答案]
首段原則應(yīng)用于根據(jù)首段內(nèi)容所設(shè)置的題目，它包括兩種形式：首句原則和末句原則。
1.首句原則
回顧近幾年的考研閱讀題，細(xì)心的考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷年考研試卷中都有題目針對(duì)首段第一句話(huà)設(shè)問(wèn)，為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況？原因很簡(jiǎn)單，考研閱讀所選的文章均是議論文和說(shuō)明文，此類(lèi)文章的文體要求在首段提出觀點(diǎn)、突出中心，因此第一段就好像全篇文章的一個(gè)總綱，確定了文章的主要內(nèi)容，而第一句話(huà)常常是一個(gè)自然段的主題句，首段首句自然就成為?？记冶乜嫉囊粋€(gè)考點(diǎn)。來(lái)源：www.examda.com
例
it is said that in england death is pressing， in canada inevitable and in california optional. small wonder. americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. failing hips can be replaced， clinical depression controlled， cataracts removed in a 30_minute surgical procedure. such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when i entered medicine 50 years ago. but not even a great health_care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
what is implied in the first sentence？
[a]americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[b]americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[c]americans are over_confident of their medical technology.
[d]americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.[2003年56題]
c[正確答案]
2.末句原則
有時(shí)一個(gè)自然段的主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段末，因此考點(diǎn)也相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)向末句。
例
technically， any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. they dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. this is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. the phrase“substance abuse”is often used instead of“drug abuse”to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
“substance abuse”is preferable to“drug abuse”in that.
[a]substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
[b]“drug abuse”is only related to a limited number or drug takers
[c]alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
[d]many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous[1997年59題]
d[正確答案]