Directions 17
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture;
2. interpret the meaning;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這道題目比較特殊——圖畫上沒有對話，只有一個忘情彈奏的人，下面有一句極富哲理的話。而提綱中的第二點和第三點分別是闡釋含義和作出評論，而不是具體的指令，這樣寫來難度更大，自由度也更大。
Sample:
As can be seen from the picture, a person is playing the piano—he is so much immersed in the beautiful music that he seems to forget completely what is going on around him. The Chinese characters below the picture say: Writing is like playing the piano—first you must learn to play by the rules, then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. What significant and thoughtprovoking words they are!
To me, writing is a lifelong endeavor: it is often hard and frustrating at the beginning, but it often becomes enjoyable and fruitful as time goes by. First, you have to learn the fundamental knowledge and acquire the simple skills, just as you must know the keys on a piano before you can really produce a whole piece of music. Afterwards, I believe there should a prolonged period of practice, largely characterized by recitation, analysis and imitation. This is the period when we fully understand and deeply appreciate the beauty and excellence of masterpieces. This is also the period when we apply the particular skills of manipulating words, fabricating sentences and creating paragraphs by imitating great writers directly. Finally, when all of this is done, one day we will suddenly forget all those rules and regulations—like a bird flying freely in the sky, we begin to take on our own styles. We can eventually express our ideas, feelings and emotions smoothly—like beautiful notes, words spring out from our hearts one after another, until they merge into a stream or even a river. At that time, we can be sure to say that we begin to understand what writing is.
點評：
這篇文章寫成了兩段而不是三段，是非常特殊的。如果提綱中的第二點和第三點分別是給出原因和解決辦法，就不能這么寫。
第一段分別描述了忘情彈奏的人和圖下面的一句話，而后末句用了一個感嘆句。
第二段是關(guān)鍵段落。首先是總結(jié)性的話語。而后以為線索分三個階段來寫。第一個階段只有一句話，用了類比法：你得先學(xué)會寫作的基礎(chǔ)知識和簡單技能，就象認識鋼琴上的鍵一樣。第二個階段有三句話，先說這個階段是以背誦、分析和模仿為特征的一般較長的練習(xí)時期。而后兩句話作進一步說明，這兩句話是平行的：這是我們能夠完全理解和欣賞經(jīng)典杰作之美的時期，也是我們通過直接模仿大作家來應(yīng)用具體的詞、句、段的技能的時期。第三個階段共有三句話。首先說當所有這些都完成之后，我們有一天會突然自己忘記了所有的規(guī)則——就象一只自由飛翔的鳥兒，我們開始有了自己的風(fēng)格。而后說我們終于能夠自由地表達思想和情感——就象美妙的樂章一樣，詞從我們的心中噴涌而出，直到匯成小溪或河流。最后一句說，直到那時，我們知道我們開始理解寫作了。最后這句結(jié)語舉重若輕，效果卻很強烈，就象米開朗基羅彌留之際說的自己開始懂得一點點繪畫了一樣，看似平淡，卻非常具有震撼力。
心得：
一般說來，哲理性的文章是相當有難度的。本文是一篇以類比來表達深刻道理的文章，這就需要大家先弄清一對事物之間的類比關(guān)系，體會其中的妙處，再一步步地深入細致地進行描述，這是不容易的。請大家仔細研讀范文，必能在這方面有所收獲。
在行文中，不斷地體現(xiàn)開始的這種類比關(guān)系，能使主題進一步加強。這在第二段的第一個和第三個時期均有明顯的體現(xiàn)。
Direction18
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture,
2. list the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization;
3. draw your conclusion.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
由于提綱清晰，這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)易于把握：先描述圖畫，之后分兩段來說城市化的利與弊，最后下結(jié)論。
Sample:
In the picture, we see a newly emerging community: there are supermarkets, schools, banks and hospitals. A resident tells us, “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and openingup is the history of rapid economic development; it is also the history of largescale urbanization of our nation.
I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First, when more and more people flood into cities, the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second, it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city, urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward.
Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First, the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second, sometimes, the rural land, rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up, the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind, it is not necessarily the result. Finally, the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home, but begin to do business or work in local factories.
All in all, urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.
點評：
在提綱中出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，是少見的，我們一定要抓住這里的重要信息。這里的urbanization即是文章討論的主題。
文章共分四段。首段在描述圖畫后做了小結(jié)，巧妙引入本文主題——城市化。第二段與第三段分別談?wù)摮鞘谢睦捅?。第二段列舉了城市化的兩個優(yōu)點。第三段寫了城市化的三個缺點。第四段下結(jié)論——城市化的利大于弊。
心得：
該文結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，解決了結(jié)構(gòu)問題后，我們就應(yīng)該在語言上面多下功夫。
首段末句使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)與分號引出本文主題——城市化，非常引人注目。次段第一點中的move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs這一詞組是同一動詞接不同地點狀語的情形。第二點中的With more and more people coming to the city是介詞引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。第三段第一點中的shrink表示縮減，用在這里很妥當。第二點中的decay表示“變壞”。第三點中的pursue表示“追求”。末段的第二句中有破折號的用法。
Direction 19
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the table;
2. give possible reasons for the change;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
年份
1999
2000
2001
2002
我國城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)人數(shù)（萬人）
575
595
681
770
我國城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率（%）
3.1
3.1
3.6
4.0
審題：
這是一道圖表題。在考研的大作文中，近年來出現(xiàn)幾率的是圖畫題，而圖表題出現(xiàn)的幾率就要小一些。與圖畫題相似，圖表題的首段總是要描述圖表。這篇文章的提綱，第二段應(yīng)寫成描寫原因的段落。第三點提綱是給出評論，對于社會問題類的情形，一般寫作解決問題的辦法。最后可有一段做結(jié)。
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture;
2. interpret the meaning;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這道題目比較特殊——圖畫上沒有對話，只有一個忘情彈奏的人，下面有一句極富哲理的話。而提綱中的第二點和第三點分別是闡釋含義和作出評論，而不是具體的指令，這樣寫來難度更大，自由度也更大。
Sample:
As can be seen from the picture, a person is playing the piano—he is so much immersed in the beautiful music that he seems to forget completely what is going on around him. The Chinese characters below the picture say: Writing is like playing the piano—first you must learn to play by the rules, then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. What significant and thoughtprovoking words they are!
To me, writing is a lifelong endeavor: it is often hard and frustrating at the beginning, but it often becomes enjoyable and fruitful as time goes by. First, you have to learn the fundamental knowledge and acquire the simple skills, just as you must know the keys on a piano before you can really produce a whole piece of music. Afterwards, I believe there should a prolonged period of practice, largely characterized by recitation, analysis and imitation. This is the period when we fully understand and deeply appreciate the beauty and excellence of masterpieces. This is also the period when we apply the particular skills of manipulating words, fabricating sentences and creating paragraphs by imitating great writers directly. Finally, when all of this is done, one day we will suddenly forget all those rules and regulations—like a bird flying freely in the sky, we begin to take on our own styles. We can eventually express our ideas, feelings and emotions smoothly—like beautiful notes, words spring out from our hearts one after another, until they merge into a stream or even a river. At that time, we can be sure to say that we begin to understand what writing is.
點評：
這篇文章寫成了兩段而不是三段，是非常特殊的。如果提綱中的第二點和第三點分別是給出原因和解決辦法，就不能這么寫。
第一段分別描述了忘情彈奏的人和圖下面的一句話，而后末句用了一個感嘆句。
第二段是關(guān)鍵段落。首先是總結(jié)性的話語。而后以為線索分三個階段來寫。第一個階段只有一句話，用了類比法：你得先學(xué)會寫作的基礎(chǔ)知識和簡單技能，就象認識鋼琴上的鍵一樣。第二個階段有三句話，先說這個階段是以背誦、分析和模仿為特征的一般較長的練習(xí)時期。而后兩句話作進一步說明，這兩句話是平行的：這是我們能夠完全理解和欣賞經(jīng)典杰作之美的時期，也是我們通過直接模仿大作家來應(yīng)用具體的詞、句、段的技能的時期。第三個階段共有三句話。首先說當所有這些都完成之后，我們有一天會突然自己忘記了所有的規(guī)則——就象一只自由飛翔的鳥兒，我們開始有了自己的風(fēng)格。而后說我們終于能夠自由地表達思想和情感——就象美妙的樂章一樣，詞從我們的心中噴涌而出，直到匯成小溪或河流。最后一句說，直到那時，我們知道我們開始理解寫作了。最后這句結(jié)語舉重若輕，效果卻很強烈，就象米開朗基羅彌留之際說的自己開始懂得一點點繪畫了一樣，看似平淡，卻非常具有震撼力。
心得：
一般說來，哲理性的文章是相當有難度的。本文是一篇以類比來表達深刻道理的文章，這就需要大家先弄清一對事物之間的類比關(guān)系，體會其中的妙處，再一步步地深入細致地進行描述，這是不容易的。請大家仔細研讀范文，必能在這方面有所收獲。
在行文中，不斷地體現(xiàn)開始的這種類比關(guān)系，能使主題進一步加強。這在第二段的第一個和第三個時期均有明顯的體現(xiàn)。
Direction18
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture,
2. list the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization;
3. draw your conclusion.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
由于提綱清晰，這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)易于把握：先描述圖畫，之后分兩段來說城市化的利與弊，最后下結(jié)論。
Sample:
In the picture, we see a newly emerging community: there are supermarkets, schools, banks and hospitals. A resident tells us, “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and openingup is the history of rapid economic development; it is also the history of largescale urbanization of our nation.
I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First, when more and more people flood into cities, the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second, it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city, urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward.
Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First, the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second, sometimes, the rural land, rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up, the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind, it is not necessarily the result. Finally, the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home, but begin to do business or work in local factories.
All in all, urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.
點評：
在提綱中出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，是少見的，我們一定要抓住這里的重要信息。這里的urbanization即是文章討論的主題。
文章共分四段。首段在描述圖畫后做了小結(jié)，巧妙引入本文主題——城市化。第二段與第三段分別談?wù)摮鞘谢睦捅?。第二段列舉了城市化的兩個優(yōu)點。第三段寫了城市化的三個缺點。第四段下結(jié)論——城市化的利大于弊。
心得：
該文結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，解決了結(jié)構(gòu)問題后，我們就應(yīng)該在語言上面多下功夫。
首段末句使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)與分號引出本文主題——城市化，非常引人注目。次段第一點中的move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs這一詞組是同一動詞接不同地點狀語的情形。第二點中的With more and more people coming to the city是介詞引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。第三段第一點中的shrink表示縮減，用在這里很妥當。第二點中的decay表示“變壞”。第三點中的pursue表示“追求”。末段的第二句中有破折號的用法。
Direction 19
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the table;
2. give possible reasons for the change;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
年份
1999
2000
2001
2002
我國城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)人數(shù)（萬人）
575
595
681
770
我國城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率（%）
3.1
3.1
3.6
4.0
審題：
這是一道圖表題。在考研的大作文中，近年來出現(xiàn)幾率的是圖畫題，而圖表題出現(xiàn)的幾率就要小一些。與圖畫題相似，圖表題的首段總是要描述圖表。這篇文章的提綱，第二段應(yīng)寫成描寫原因的段落。第三點提綱是給出評論，對于社會問題類的情形，一般寫作解決問題的辦法。最后可有一段做結(jié)。