大學英語四級新題型考試第一部分是寫作，寫作寫得如何會直接影響以后的做題。短文寫得得心應(yīng)手，對后面的答題可起到事半功倍的作用，否則就有可能功虧一簣。四級寫作的體裁包括說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。寫作的素材或要求可以是中文、英文和圖表。寫作字數(shù)在120字以上，寫作的時間為30分鐘，但你應(yīng)留少量時間作最后的檢查。寫作既考查你的思考判斷能力，也考查你的表達能力。因此，你應(yīng)對一些校園、社會新聞和常識有一定的認識和見解，并能夠有層次地、結(jié)構(gòu)完整地在文章中清楚表達你的觀點。
一、文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
文章是由段落構(gòu)成，而段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主題句、支撐句和結(jié)尾句所構(gòu)成，它的具體結(jié)構(gòu)可以用以下的圖表加以表示：
大學英語四級寫作通常采用三段論模式，即：開頭段(introduction)、主體段(body paragraph)和結(jié)尾段(conclusion)。
(一)開頭段
對于大學英語四級的寫作考題來說，限于篇幅，其開頭段一般都不長。然而，這寥寥幾句話卻占有十分重要的地位，它表達的是整篇文章的主題思想。在議論文中，我們稱之為中心論點，它起到駕馭全文的作用。一個意義清晰、明確的開頭段，將有助于讀者理解全文；一個精彩、新穎的開頭段還能激起讀者的閱讀欲望。
(二)主體段
主體段的寫作方法是多種多樣的，而不同的方法會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，不同的方法需用不同的組織形式。因此，在動筆之前，必須先選擇好所采用的方法，然后根據(jù)自己所選的方法確定相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，才能把文章寫好。
(三)結(jié)尾段
開頭和結(jié)尾往往是讀者注意最多的部分。開頭引起讀者注意，提出主題；結(jié)尾與開頭呼應(yīng)，使讀者感覺全文論述完整，圓滿結(jié)束。從某種意義上來說，結(jié)尾更容易給讀者留下深刻印象。人們常把好的文章結(jié)尾稱作是“畫龍點睛”，可見結(jié)尾部分對整篇文章所起的作用。
二、寫作實例分析
(一)說明文(1)
說明文一般用于解釋和分析社會現(xiàn)象或社會問題。要求考生對某種社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其可能造成的種種影響或應(yīng)采取的措施進行分析和說明。此類文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Paragraph 1 phenomenon (現(xiàn)象)
Paragraph 2reasons (effects)(原因或危害)
Paragraph 3suggestions or solutions (措施)
Drug abuse among young people has become more and more prevalent over recent years. (主題句)Statistics show that the number of youth drug users almost doubles in the past three years.(數(shù)據(jù)支撐) It is vital to analyze why drugs are so attractive to young people and what can be done to combat it.(結(jié)論)
Firstly, teenagers are under increasing pressure - this may be peer pressure or pressure to succeed for example. Drug use may help them escape reality, forget their problems, or simply feel more accepted by their friends.(原因1) In addition, through the media we are exposed to information that glamorizes drug use and makes it look attractive, particularly to young people.(原因2) Furthermore, teenagers are usually naturally curious about drugs, and drug dealers can take advantage of this curiosity for their own profit.(原因3)
High fines and prison sentences should also be imposed on drug dealers and users. (措施1) However, it is my own personal view that prevention is better than cure and so a good education programmed about the dangers of drug abuse is one of the most important steps any government should take. (措施2)
(二)說明文(2)
比較性說明文用于比較兩種或幾種類似的事物，要求考生通過比較它們各自的優(yōu)點或缺點，說明自己的看法，并加以論證。這種文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Paragraph 1 phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)
Paragraph 2advantages (優(yōu)點)
Paragraph 3disadvantages (缺點)
Paragraph 4comments(結(jié)論)
A mobile phone is getting increasingly popular.(主題句) Statistics show that eight out of ten college students have got one.(數(shù)據(jù)支撐) However, as is the case with many issues, a mobile phone has both positive and negative aspects. (承上啟下)
On the positive side, a mobile phone allows calls to be made instantly from almost any location. This can be vital where emergency services need to be called to the scene of a crime, accident or fire, where no public telephone is nearby. (優(yōu)點1) Meanwhile, a mobile phone can serve as a connection to the Internet, which can be extremely convenient for obtaining information wherever you may be. (優(yōu)點2)
The fact that a mobile phone allows a person to be contacted at any time can in itself be a disadvantage. For instance, an employee may, via the mobile phone, be constantly available to his employer and feels that he never leaves work. This may cause distress. (缺點1) Another disadvantage is the perceived health risks associated with its use. Some people believe that using mobile phones for long periods can damage the brain. (缺點2)
There is no denying that a mobile phone has both benefits and drawbacks but on balance perhaps the advantages of a mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages since a mobile has become an integral part of modern life. (結(jié)論)
(三)說明文(3)
圖表寫作也屬于說明文的類型，這種文章通常結(jié)構(gòu)是：
Paragraph 1change(變化)
Paragraph 2reasons or implication(原因或意義)
Paragraph 3conclusion (effects; implication)(結(jié)論)
The period 1995~2005 witnessed a rapid increase in the number of people in City X traveling abroad. As can be seen, in 1995, only about 10,000 people in this city went overseas while in 1995 this number quickly rose to 40,000. In 2005, however the number of overseas traveler surged to over 120,000, which is more than 10 times as many as that of 1995. (變化)
This change can be accounted for by a couple of factors. First, along with social and economy progress, the living standard of the Chinese people has been greatly enhanced, so they have enough money and time to travel abroad. Meanwhile, more and more people want to enjoy themselves and broaden their vision by visiting overseas historical places and experiencing exotic cultures. (原因)
Overseas travel has a profound effect on both individuals and the society. It can widen our people’s horizons, promote friendship and enhance cultural interaction. In the meantime, it can also boost our social economy and make our society more prosperous and dynamic. It’s good for our nation’s progress. (結(jié)論)
(四)議論文(1)
議論文的第一種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的兩種觀點，來闡述自己的立場，或?qū)@一問題反映出的某一觀點進行駁斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以論證。它的基本形式是：一些人認為……；另一些人認為……；我的看法……。這種文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Paragraph 1Introduction(啟)
Paragraph 2Analysis(承)
Paragraph 3 Conclusion(轉(zhuǎn)合)
例如：
1.一些人認為數(shù)據(jù)庫威脅個人隱私
2.另一些人認為數(shù)據(jù)庫有利于提高工作效率
3.我的看法
My view on Data Collection
Data collection is a fact of modern life. Some argue that data collection is endangering the rights of individuals, though others see it as a useful tool which increases efficiency. (啟)To be frank, I believe data collection does more good than harm. (作者觀點)
For one thing, databases provide a very useful tool. Large databases which contain information on many individuals can enable more effective decisions to be made. Institutions such as government departments and police rely on data collection in order to operate efficiently, and hospitals use computerized records to help in their fight against disease. (承1) For another, databases stored on computer can also be very efficient. Data which has been collected in one area can be sent anywhere in the world almost instantly. This means that those who have legitimate access to this data can work very efficiently. (承2)
In summary, data collection on individuals can be justified, although all possible measures should be taken to minimize the risks. (轉(zhuǎn)合)
(五)議論文(2)
議論文的第二種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的觀點，表明自己的觀點(同意或是不同意)，并提出相應(yīng)的論證。如：
Direction: It is very important that children should study hard at school. Time spent playing sport is time wasted. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.
We could argue that children go to school to study so that they may become fully productive adults and good citizens. We should ask whether playing sport helps children to become better people. If so, sport is not a waste of time. (啟)
It is generally believed that students need more than the knowledge of a subject. They need to know how to work in groups to achieve a mutual goal, how to work as a team. Where better to learn those skills than on the sports field? Any of the team sports involve coordination with other players, understanding and adopting a team mentality. These skills are too useful to be ignored. (承1) Moreover, it is important that people be healthy, and good health is not so easily achieved in a sedentary society. Sport gets students outside and gives them good reason to run about, thus countering hours spent sitting still. (承2)
So although school studies are undeniably important, we should regard time spent playing sport as time well spent. (轉(zhuǎn)合)
(六)應(yīng)用文
應(yīng)用文是大學英語四級寫作考試的一個重要組成部分，形式包括書信、啟事、通知、演講等。應(yīng)用文較之一般說明文和議論文，與生活、社會聯(lián)系更緊密，格式、行文習慣更有規(guī)矩。無論使用哪種應(yīng)用文，都必須按其各自規(guī)范化的約定俗成的格式來寫，不能隨意杜撰。以往四級寫作考過的應(yīng)用文有抱怨信、建議信、問候信、見證書、導游介紹、競選學生會主席演講稿和招募志愿者啟事等。
書信格式：
英語書信，在形式上可分為下面六個部分：
1. 信頭 (The Heading)：包括發(fā)信人地址和寫信日期。
2. 收信人 (Inside Address)：包括收信人姓名、地址。
3. 稱謂 (The Salutation or Greeting)：如Dear Sir/Madam。稱呼后一般加逗號。
4. 正文 (The Body)：信的主要部分，包括寫信人所要表達敘述的事情。
5. 結(jié)束語 (The Complimentary Close)——如Yours sincerely/truly/faithfully等。
6. 簽名 (The Signature)。
英語四級書信寫作只需寫正文即可。下面是一份申請轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)的信。
A Letter of Application
1. 我是大二學生(sophomore)，現(xiàn)申請從自動化系轉(zhuǎn)到商務(wù)管理系
2. 申請的主要原因
3. 對轉(zhuǎn)系帶來的麻煩表示歉意，并希望有關(guān)領(lǐng)導能同意我的申請
Dear Sir/Madam,(試卷上此稱謂已有，考生不用再寫)
I am a sophomore with major in Automation. Though I have made a great progress during my first year academic training, I find that I am more interested in Business Administration. Now I am writing to you to formally request to switch to this area of study. (寫信目的)
The main reason for my decision is that the major I am studying in is my parents’ choice. They insisted that I should study what they had learned before but after a year’s study I have come to realize this is not the career I want to pursue in my future life. Besides, I have attended business classes as my optional course and achieved a good success, which further confirms my decision.(理由)
I am sorry for any inconvenience or trouble that might have been caused by this change. The decision is not made lightly. I do appreciate your kind consideration and sincerely hope you will grant me the shift to the new department.(結(jié)尾)
(下面部分考生也不用寫)
Yours sincerely
Zhang Ming
以下是四級考試曾考過的4篇應(yīng)用文：
(招募志愿者啟事)
Volunteers Needed
1.校學生會將組織一次暑假志愿者活動，現(xiàn)招募志愿者
2.本次志愿者活動的目的、內(nèi)容、安排等
3.報名條件及聯(lián)系方式
As the summer holiday is approaching, the Student Union will organize a voluntary program and is now recruiting volunteers.
This program will focus on teaching farmers’ children at Guan Ming School. It aims to instill confidence, independence and optimism into the pupils and to help them improve their English. Through participating in the activity, volunteers can gain teaching experience.
Volunteers will give lessons in the morning and organize after-class activities in the afternoon. The program will start on July 15th and end on July 30th. The Student Union will arrange buses to take you to the school.
We need 30 local students who are warm-hearted and good at English. Fellow students that meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity please call us at 87654321 or email us at volunteers@126.com.
You are welcome to join us!
(競選學生會主席演講稿)
A Campaign Speech
1. 你認為自己具備什么條件(能力、性格、愛好)可以勝任學生會主席工作。
2. 如果當選，你將會為本校同學做什么？
Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen:
Thank you for coming to this election campaign today. With the trust and complete support of my team, I am delighted to announce that I am running for chairman of the Student Union.
As a diligent man with pleasant personality, I have been always considered to be a good team member. Meanwhile, as a big fan of sports I fully realize the importance of teamwork and advocate the spirit of being quicker and stronger. I possess strong determination to take firm steps toward achieving the objectives of my team. In addition, my working experience with the Student Union in the past two years will be extremely helpful to my future work here if I get elected.
A sign of a really strong organization is that it can change its leadership without hindering its progress and without damaging its values. If I am elected, I believe I have the capability to lead the Union to advance in the right direction. I will cooperate well with my fellow members of the Union and take innovative measures, including establishing a student-information center, forming a teacher-student-friendship association, to make the Union a true assistance to students’ study and life here as well as a bridge of communication between teachers and students.
Thank you very much for your attention.
(導游介紹)
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
1.Your role: a tour guide
2.Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
3.Your introduction should include: some welcoming words; the schedule for the day; a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. Now, I would like to introduce myself: My Name is Li Ming, a tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this trip.
Here is the schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.
Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”。
This is my introduction to the Great Wall. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
(交通事故見證書)
An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident
1. 車禍發(fā)生的時間及地點
2. 你所見到的車禍情況
3. 你對車禍原因的分析
Yesterday afternoon, I happened to witness a terrible traffic accident on my way home from school. It was 5:30 p.m., I was riding back home. When I got to the last crossing on the Century Street, the red light was on. So I applied the brakes, along with a long queue of vehicles waiting to pass.
Just at that moment, a private car of Accord with earth roared forward at my side and bumped against the heavy-load truck traveling eastbound. As a result, the car was badly damaged and its driver got fatally injured on the head.
As for the cause of the accident, I think the driver of the car should be held responsible: the light was red then; he should have stopped and waited. It was he who had broken the traffic regulations. In addition, the bad weather was part of the cause. It was drizzling then, and the road was quite slippery. Finally, drunk driving was probably an important factor. As the police discovered on the spot, there was a heavy alcoholic smell on the injured body of the car driver.
三、文章寫作步驟
(一)看清題目
大學英語四級寫作可分為兩類，第一類題目需要以討論形式作答，你需要講出正反兩方的論點和你自己的立場。你可設(shè)想這是一場辯論比賽，但你要為兩方發(fā)言。你要寫出足夠的證據(jù)支持你的論點和反駁對立的論點。 第二類題目需要以報告形式作答。你需要根據(jù)題目描述某現(xiàn)象和發(fā)掘此現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、對個人和社會帶來的影響并提出解決問題的方法。雖然你并不需要支持正/反一方的論點，但你應(yīng)在真實的處境上提出真實的證據(jù)。
(二)思考答案
當你計劃你的答案時，你應(yīng)能想到2個或以上的主意支持你的論點。你可在一張紙上寫下你腦中浮現(xiàn)的文字和主意。你先不用理會寫下的是否有用，當你寫好后可將題目也寫在紙上，然后在圍繞題目的地方將所寫下的文字分門別類。在這一階段，你可刪除無用的文字或句子。在第一類問題上，你應(yīng)至少想到2個或2個以上的支持論據(jù)，而在第二類問題上，你也應(yīng)至少想到2個或以上可供討論的話題，但無論是回答哪一類問題，你不應(yīng)該寫超過4個論據(jù)或話題，否則，由于字數(shù)的限制，你的文章會變得太空泛。
(三)組織答案
你或許沒有時間完整地寫出你的計劃，但你必須在心里組織和安排好你的答案。你需認清題目的要求和找出題目中想問的問題。開頭段要用來表達文章的大意，如果寫的是一篇議論文，筆者的觀點可以在這里表達出來。主體段通常包含2個或2個以上論據(jù)并有較充分的展開，主體是文章的核心，是成敗的關(guān)鍵。結(jié)論是全文的歸納和總結(jié)。
(四)撰寫答案
在一篇120字以上的文章中，介紹和結(jié)尾段各占15%，主題段占70%。切記寫作盡量少犯語法錯誤，觀點要鮮明，層次要清晰。 當計劃好后，你便可以開始作答。
(五)檢查答案
檢查答案是寫作的最后一道防線，許多錯誤，尤其是語法錯誤，可以在此得以糾正，這也是寫作得高分不可缺少的一個重要過程。在寫作考試時，學生至少要留出2到3分鐘檢查自己寫作的內(nèi)容。
一、文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
文章是由段落構(gòu)成，而段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主題句、支撐句和結(jié)尾句所構(gòu)成，它的具體結(jié)構(gòu)可以用以下的圖表加以表示：
大學英語四級寫作通常采用三段論模式，即：開頭段(introduction)、主體段(body paragraph)和結(jié)尾段(conclusion)。
(一)開頭段
對于大學英語四級的寫作考題來說，限于篇幅，其開頭段一般都不長。然而，這寥寥幾句話卻占有十分重要的地位，它表達的是整篇文章的主題思想。在議論文中，我們稱之為中心論點，它起到駕馭全文的作用。一個意義清晰、明確的開頭段，將有助于讀者理解全文；一個精彩、新穎的開頭段還能激起讀者的閱讀欲望。
(二)主體段
主體段的寫作方法是多種多樣的，而不同的方法會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，不同的方法需用不同的組織形式。因此，在動筆之前，必須先選擇好所采用的方法，然后根據(jù)自己所選的方法確定相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，才能把文章寫好。
(三)結(jié)尾段
開頭和結(jié)尾往往是讀者注意最多的部分。開頭引起讀者注意，提出主題；結(jié)尾與開頭呼應(yīng)，使讀者感覺全文論述完整，圓滿結(jié)束。從某種意義上來說，結(jié)尾更容易給讀者留下深刻印象。人們常把好的文章結(jié)尾稱作是“畫龍點睛”，可見結(jié)尾部分對整篇文章所起的作用。
二、寫作實例分析
(一)說明文(1)
說明文一般用于解釋和分析社會現(xiàn)象或社會問題。要求考生對某種社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其可能造成的種種影響或應(yīng)采取的措施進行分析和說明。此類文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Paragraph 1 phenomenon (現(xiàn)象)
Paragraph 2reasons (effects)(原因或危害)
Paragraph 3suggestions or solutions (措施)
Drug abuse among young people has become more and more prevalent over recent years. (主題句)Statistics show that the number of youth drug users almost doubles in the past three years.(數(shù)據(jù)支撐) It is vital to analyze why drugs are so attractive to young people and what can be done to combat it.(結(jié)論)
Firstly, teenagers are under increasing pressure - this may be peer pressure or pressure to succeed for example. Drug use may help them escape reality, forget their problems, or simply feel more accepted by their friends.(原因1) In addition, through the media we are exposed to information that glamorizes drug use and makes it look attractive, particularly to young people.(原因2) Furthermore, teenagers are usually naturally curious about drugs, and drug dealers can take advantage of this curiosity for their own profit.(原因3)
High fines and prison sentences should also be imposed on drug dealers and users. (措施1) However, it is my own personal view that prevention is better than cure and so a good education programmed about the dangers of drug abuse is one of the most important steps any government should take. (措施2)
(二)說明文(2)
比較性說明文用于比較兩種或幾種類似的事物，要求考生通過比較它們各自的優(yōu)點或缺點，說明自己的看法，并加以論證。這種文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Paragraph 1 phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)
Paragraph 2advantages (優(yōu)點)
Paragraph 3disadvantages (缺點)
Paragraph 4comments(結(jié)論)
A mobile phone is getting increasingly popular.(主題句) Statistics show that eight out of ten college students have got one.(數(shù)據(jù)支撐) However, as is the case with many issues, a mobile phone has both positive and negative aspects. (承上啟下)
On the positive side, a mobile phone allows calls to be made instantly from almost any location. This can be vital where emergency services need to be called to the scene of a crime, accident or fire, where no public telephone is nearby. (優(yōu)點1) Meanwhile, a mobile phone can serve as a connection to the Internet, which can be extremely convenient for obtaining information wherever you may be. (優(yōu)點2)
The fact that a mobile phone allows a person to be contacted at any time can in itself be a disadvantage. For instance, an employee may, via the mobile phone, be constantly available to his employer and feels that he never leaves work. This may cause distress. (缺點1) Another disadvantage is the perceived health risks associated with its use. Some people believe that using mobile phones for long periods can damage the brain. (缺點2)
There is no denying that a mobile phone has both benefits and drawbacks but on balance perhaps the advantages of a mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages since a mobile has become an integral part of modern life. (結(jié)論)
(三)說明文(3)
圖表寫作也屬于說明文的類型，這種文章通常結(jié)構(gòu)是：
Paragraph 1change(變化)
Paragraph 2reasons or implication(原因或意義)
Paragraph 3conclusion (effects; implication)(結(jié)論)
The period 1995~2005 witnessed a rapid increase in the number of people in City X traveling abroad. As can be seen, in 1995, only about 10,000 people in this city went overseas while in 1995 this number quickly rose to 40,000. In 2005, however the number of overseas traveler surged to over 120,000, which is more than 10 times as many as that of 1995. (變化)
This change can be accounted for by a couple of factors. First, along with social and economy progress, the living standard of the Chinese people has been greatly enhanced, so they have enough money and time to travel abroad. Meanwhile, more and more people want to enjoy themselves and broaden their vision by visiting overseas historical places and experiencing exotic cultures. (原因)
Overseas travel has a profound effect on both individuals and the society. It can widen our people’s horizons, promote friendship and enhance cultural interaction. In the meantime, it can also boost our social economy and make our society more prosperous and dynamic. It’s good for our nation’s progress. (結(jié)論)
(四)議論文(1)
議論文的第一種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的兩種觀點，來闡述自己的立場，或?qū)@一問題反映出的某一觀點進行駁斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以論證。它的基本形式是：一些人認為……；另一些人認為……；我的看法……。這種文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Paragraph 1Introduction(啟)
Paragraph 2Analysis(承)
Paragraph 3 Conclusion(轉(zhuǎn)合)
例如：
1.一些人認為數(shù)據(jù)庫威脅個人隱私
2.另一些人認為數(shù)據(jù)庫有利于提高工作效率
3.我的看法
My view on Data Collection
Data collection is a fact of modern life. Some argue that data collection is endangering the rights of individuals, though others see it as a useful tool which increases efficiency. (啟)To be frank, I believe data collection does more good than harm. (作者觀點)
For one thing, databases provide a very useful tool. Large databases which contain information on many individuals can enable more effective decisions to be made. Institutions such as government departments and police rely on data collection in order to operate efficiently, and hospitals use computerized records to help in their fight against disease. (承1) For another, databases stored on computer can also be very efficient. Data which has been collected in one area can be sent anywhere in the world almost instantly. This means that those who have legitimate access to this data can work very efficiently. (承2)
In summary, data collection on individuals can be justified, although all possible measures should be taken to minimize the risks. (轉(zhuǎn)合)
(五)議論文(2)
議論文的第二種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的觀點，表明自己的觀點(同意或是不同意)，并提出相應(yīng)的論證。如：
Direction: It is very important that children should study hard at school. Time spent playing sport is time wasted. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.
We could argue that children go to school to study so that they may become fully productive adults and good citizens. We should ask whether playing sport helps children to become better people. If so, sport is not a waste of time. (啟)
It is generally believed that students need more than the knowledge of a subject. They need to know how to work in groups to achieve a mutual goal, how to work as a team. Where better to learn those skills than on the sports field? Any of the team sports involve coordination with other players, understanding and adopting a team mentality. These skills are too useful to be ignored. (承1) Moreover, it is important that people be healthy, and good health is not so easily achieved in a sedentary society. Sport gets students outside and gives them good reason to run about, thus countering hours spent sitting still. (承2)
So although school studies are undeniably important, we should regard time spent playing sport as time well spent. (轉(zhuǎn)合)
(六)應(yīng)用文
應(yīng)用文是大學英語四級寫作考試的一個重要組成部分，形式包括書信、啟事、通知、演講等。應(yīng)用文較之一般說明文和議論文，與生活、社會聯(lián)系更緊密，格式、行文習慣更有規(guī)矩。無論使用哪種應(yīng)用文，都必須按其各自規(guī)范化的約定俗成的格式來寫，不能隨意杜撰。以往四級寫作考過的應(yīng)用文有抱怨信、建議信、問候信、見證書、導游介紹、競選學生會主席演講稿和招募志愿者啟事等。
書信格式：
英語書信，在形式上可分為下面六個部分：
1. 信頭 (The Heading)：包括發(fā)信人地址和寫信日期。
2. 收信人 (Inside Address)：包括收信人姓名、地址。
3. 稱謂 (The Salutation or Greeting)：如Dear Sir/Madam。稱呼后一般加逗號。
4. 正文 (The Body)：信的主要部分，包括寫信人所要表達敘述的事情。
5. 結(jié)束語 (The Complimentary Close)——如Yours sincerely/truly/faithfully等。
6. 簽名 (The Signature)。
英語四級書信寫作只需寫正文即可。下面是一份申請轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)的信。
A Letter of Application
1. 我是大二學生(sophomore)，現(xiàn)申請從自動化系轉(zhuǎn)到商務(wù)管理系
2. 申請的主要原因
3. 對轉(zhuǎn)系帶來的麻煩表示歉意，并希望有關(guān)領(lǐng)導能同意我的申請
Dear Sir/Madam,(試卷上此稱謂已有，考生不用再寫)
I am a sophomore with major in Automation. Though I have made a great progress during my first year academic training, I find that I am more interested in Business Administration. Now I am writing to you to formally request to switch to this area of study. (寫信目的)
The main reason for my decision is that the major I am studying in is my parents’ choice. They insisted that I should study what they had learned before but after a year’s study I have come to realize this is not the career I want to pursue in my future life. Besides, I have attended business classes as my optional course and achieved a good success, which further confirms my decision.(理由)
I am sorry for any inconvenience or trouble that might have been caused by this change. The decision is not made lightly. I do appreciate your kind consideration and sincerely hope you will grant me the shift to the new department.(結(jié)尾)
(下面部分考生也不用寫)
Yours sincerely
Zhang Ming
以下是四級考試曾考過的4篇應(yīng)用文：
(招募志愿者啟事)
Volunteers Needed
1.校學生會將組織一次暑假志愿者活動，現(xiàn)招募志愿者
2.本次志愿者活動的目的、內(nèi)容、安排等
3.報名條件及聯(lián)系方式
As the summer holiday is approaching, the Student Union will organize a voluntary program and is now recruiting volunteers.
This program will focus on teaching farmers’ children at Guan Ming School. It aims to instill confidence, independence and optimism into the pupils and to help them improve their English. Through participating in the activity, volunteers can gain teaching experience.
Volunteers will give lessons in the morning and organize after-class activities in the afternoon. The program will start on July 15th and end on July 30th. The Student Union will arrange buses to take you to the school.
We need 30 local students who are warm-hearted and good at English. Fellow students that meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity please call us at 87654321 or email us at volunteers@126.com.
You are welcome to join us!
(競選學生會主席演講稿)
A Campaign Speech
1. 你認為自己具備什么條件(能力、性格、愛好)可以勝任學生會主席工作。
2. 如果當選，你將會為本校同學做什么？
Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen:
Thank you for coming to this election campaign today. With the trust and complete support of my team, I am delighted to announce that I am running for chairman of the Student Union.
As a diligent man with pleasant personality, I have been always considered to be a good team member. Meanwhile, as a big fan of sports I fully realize the importance of teamwork and advocate the spirit of being quicker and stronger. I possess strong determination to take firm steps toward achieving the objectives of my team. In addition, my working experience with the Student Union in the past two years will be extremely helpful to my future work here if I get elected.
A sign of a really strong organization is that it can change its leadership without hindering its progress and without damaging its values. If I am elected, I believe I have the capability to lead the Union to advance in the right direction. I will cooperate well with my fellow members of the Union and take innovative measures, including establishing a student-information center, forming a teacher-student-friendship association, to make the Union a true assistance to students’ study and life here as well as a bridge of communication between teachers and students.
Thank you very much for your attention.
(導游介紹)
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
1.Your role: a tour guide
2.Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
3.Your introduction should include: some welcoming words; the schedule for the day; a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. Now, I would like to introduce myself: My Name is Li Ming, a tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this trip.
Here is the schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.
Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”。
This is my introduction to the Great Wall. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
(交通事故見證書)
An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident
1. 車禍發(fā)生的時間及地點
2. 你所見到的車禍情況
3. 你對車禍原因的分析
Yesterday afternoon, I happened to witness a terrible traffic accident on my way home from school. It was 5:30 p.m., I was riding back home. When I got to the last crossing on the Century Street, the red light was on. So I applied the brakes, along with a long queue of vehicles waiting to pass.
Just at that moment, a private car of Accord with earth roared forward at my side and bumped against the heavy-load truck traveling eastbound. As a result, the car was badly damaged and its driver got fatally injured on the head.
As for the cause of the accident, I think the driver of the car should be held responsible: the light was red then; he should have stopped and waited. It was he who had broken the traffic regulations. In addition, the bad weather was part of the cause. It was drizzling then, and the road was quite slippery. Finally, drunk driving was probably an important factor. As the police discovered on the spot, there was a heavy alcoholic smell on the injured body of the car driver.
三、文章寫作步驟
(一)看清題目
大學英語四級寫作可分為兩類，第一類題目需要以討論形式作答，你需要講出正反兩方的論點和你自己的立場。你可設(shè)想這是一場辯論比賽，但你要為兩方發(fā)言。你要寫出足夠的證據(jù)支持你的論點和反駁對立的論點。 第二類題目需要以報告形式作答。你需要根據(jù)題目描述某現(xiàn)象和發(fā)掘此現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、對個人和社會帶來的影響并提出解決問題的方法。雖然你并不需要支持正/反一方的論點，但你應(yīng)在真實的處境上提出真實的證據(jù)。
(二)思考答案
當你計劃你的答案時，你應(yīng)能想到2個或以上的主意支持你的論點。你可在一張紙上寫下你腦中浮現(xiàn)的文字和主意。你先不用理會寫下的是否有用，當你寫好后可將題目也寫在紙上，然后在圍繞題目的地方將所寫下的文字分門別類。在這一階段，你可刪除無用的文字或句子。在第一類問題上，你應(yīng)至少想到2個或2個以上的支持論據(jù)，而在第二類問題上，你也應(yīng)至少想到2個或以上可供討論的話題，但無論是回答哪一類問題，你不應(yīng)該寫超過4個論據(jù)或話題，否則，由于字數(shù)的限制，你的文章會變得太空泛。
(三)組織答案
你或許沒有時間完整地寫出你的計劃，但你必須在心里組織和安排好你的答案。你需認清題目的要求和找出題目中想問的問題。開頭段要用來表達文章的大意，如果寫的是一篇議論文，筆者的觀點可以在這里表達出來。主體段通常包含2個或2個以上論據(jù)并有較充分的展開，主體是文章的核心，是成敗的關(guān)鍵。結(jié)論是全文的歸納和總結(jié)。
(四)撰寫答案
在一篇120字以上的文章中，介紹和結(jié)尾段各占15%，主題段占70%。切記寫作盡量少犯語法錯誤，觀點要鮮明，層次要清晰。 當計劃好后，你便可以開始作答。
(五)檢查答案
檢查答案是寫作的最后一道防線，許多錯誤，尤其是語法錯誤，可以在此得以糾正，這也是寫作得高分不可缺少的一個重要過程。在寫作考試時，學生至少要留出2到3分鐘檢查自己寫作的內(nèi)容。