一、分清名詞性從句的種類
名詞性從句按其在句子中的功用可分為四大類:1.主語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)。2.表語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)。3.賓語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。4.同位語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作一名詞的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
1.What they are doing seems very important.(主語(yǔ)從句)他們要做的似乎很重要。
2.My hope is that he will be the best student in my class.(表語(yǔ)從句)我的愿望是使他成為我班的學(xué)生。
3.Do you know who he is?(賓語(yǔ)從句)你知道他是誰(shuí)嗎?
4.I don’t like the idea that money is every thing.(同位語(yǔ)從句)金錢(qián)就是一切,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我不喜歡。
二、認(rèn)清引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
(一)主語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接代詞有that,who, whom,whose,which,what,whoever, whomever,whichever,whatever及連接詞 whether。
1.連接詞that本身無(wú)意義,在句子中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接從句的作用,不能省略,從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.
That the earth is round is well-known.
主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)會(huì)很長(zhǎng),復(fù)合句就顯得頭重腳輕,因此,可以把主語(yǔ)從句移到復(fù)合句后面,而在句首使用it作形式主語(yǔ)。我們把以上兩句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椋?BR> It made us very happy that she was chosen.
It is well-known that the earth is round.
2.連接詞whether本身有意義,為“是否”,在句子中不作任何成分,引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序,whether一般不省略。例如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
Whether we will go depends on the weather.
同樣可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)將其轉(zhuǎn)換成:
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It depends on the weather whether we will go .
注意:上句中whether不能被if代替。
3.連接代詞who,whose,whom,what, whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever,連接副詞when,where,how,why,它們?cè)诿~從句中都有意義,并且在名詞從句中都作句子成分。其成分為:主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等,從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如:
①Who he is is not important.
②What they need is more time.
③Where she has gone is not known yet.
④How he came here is not known.
⑤Whatever he said is right.
⑥Who will go is not important.
⑦Whose book this is is very clear.
(二)表語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞同上,它們的意義不變,表語(yǔ)從句的順序也是陳述句的順序,只是它們引導(dǎo)的從句在復(fù)合句中的位置發(fā)生了變化,放在了表語(yǔ)的位置上。例如:
①The truth is that he is the thief.
②The problem is that they are short of money.
③The question is whether it is worth reading.
④They are just what I want.
⑤That’s why they were late.
(三)賓語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞仍然是以上三種類別。各自的意義不變,是否在句中作成分也是相同的,賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序仍然用陳述句語(yǔ)序,只是從句的位置又發(fā)生了改變。放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后作了賓語(yǔ)。例如:
①I(mǎi) remember that I have read this book.
②We don’t know whether she is coming.
③We quite agree with what you said.
④I worried about whether I hurt her feelings.
⑤Please tell me when you’ll discuss the plan.
(四)同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ),一般位于該名詞之后,說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見(jiàn)的有news,fact, idea,promise,suggestion,order等。常引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞以that為多,無(wú)意義,不作成分,不能省略,引出一個(gè)陳述句語(yǔ)序的句子。例如:
①He told me the news that China had 名詞 同位語(yǔ)從句 joined WTO.
②I made a promise that I would make him happy. 名詞 同位語(yǔ)從句
注意:在實(shí)踐中,同學(xué)們常把該從句與定語(yǔ)從句混淆,下面介紹一下判別方法。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分為同位語(yǔ)從句,在句子中作成分的,便是定語(yǔ)從句。試比較: 1.The report that there will be an exam is a lie.that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)樗趶木渲校▌澗€部分)不作成分,只是說(shuō)明report的具體內(nèi)容。
2.The report that he wrote is not true.that為關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)閠hat在從句中(劃線部分)作動(dòng)詞 wrote的賓語(yǔ)。
三、熟記幾種特殊情況
(一)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that可省略,但若及物動(dòng)詞后有兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省略,第二個(gè)以后的that不能省略。例如:He told me(that)he was born in Germany,and that he spoke German.(可省略)
(二)從句中如有形式賓語(yǔ),連接真正賓語(yǔ)的that不省略。例如:We made it a rule that we read English in the morning.(不省略)
(三)賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether與or not直接連用不能換成if,不直接連用時(shí)可換。例如:They don’t know whether or not the news is true. 此句的whether不能換成if。They don’t know whether the news is true or not. 此句的whether可換成if。
名詞性從句按其在句子中的功用可分為四大類:1.主語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)。2.表語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)。3.賓語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。4.同位語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作一名詞的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
1.What they are doing seems very important.(主語(yǔ)從句)他們要做的似乎很重要。
2.My hope is that he will be the best student in my class.(表語(yǔ)從句)我的愿望是使他成為我班的學(xué)生。
3.Do you know who he is?(賓語(yǔ)從句)你知道他是誰(shuí)嗎?
4.I don’t like the idea that money is every thing.(同位語(yǔ)從句)金錢(qián)就是一切,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我不喜歡。
二、認(rèn)清引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
(一)主語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接代詞有that,who, whom,whose,which,what,whoever, whomever,whichever,whatever及連接詞 whether。
1.連接詞that本身無(wú)意義,在句子中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接從句的作用,不能省略,從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.
That the earth is round is well-known.
主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)會(huì)很長(zhǎng),復(fù)合句就顯得頭重腳輕,因此,可以把主語(yǔ)從句移到復(fù)合句后面,而在句首使用it作形式主語(yǔ)。我們把以上兩句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椋?BR> It made us very happy that she was chosen.
It is well-known that the earth is round.
2.連接詞whether本身有意義,為“是否”,在句子中不作任何成分,引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序,whether一般不省略。例如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
Whether we will go depends on the weather.
同樣可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)將其轉(zhuǎn)換成:
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It depends on the weather whether we will go .
注意:上句中whether不能被if代替。
3.連接代詞who,whose,whom,what, whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever,連接副詞when,where,how,why,它們?cè)诿~從句中都有意義,并且在名詞從句中都作句子成分。其成分為:主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等,從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如:
①Who he is is not important.
②What they need is more time.
③Where she has gone is not known yet.
④How he came here is not known.
⑤Whatever he said is right.
⑥Who will go is not important.
⑦Whose book this is is very clear.
(二)表語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞同上,它們的意義不變,表語(yǔ)從句的順序也是陳述句的順序,只是它們引導(dǎo)的從句在復(fù)合句中的位置發(fā)生了變化,放在了表語(yǔ)的位置上。例如:
①The truth is that he is the thief.
②The problem is that they are short of money.
③The question is whether it is worth reading.
④They are just what I want.
⑤That’s why they were late.
(三)賓語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞仍然是以上三種類別。各自的意義不變,是否在句中作成分也是相同的,賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序仍然用陳述句語(yǔ)序,只是從句的位置又發(fā)生了改變。放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后作了賓語(yǔ)。例如:
①I(mǎi) remember that I have read this book.
②We don’t know whether she is coming.
③We quite agree with what you said.
④I worried about whether I hurt her feelings.
⑤Please tell me when you’ll discuss the plan.
(四)同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ),一般位于該名詞之后,說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見(jiàn)的有news,fact, idea,promise,suggestion,order等。常引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞以that為多,無(wú)意義,不作成分,不能省略,引出一個(gè)陳述句語(yǔ)序的句子。例如:
①He told me the news that China had 名詞 同位語(yǔ)從句 joined WTO.
②I made a promise that I would make him happy. 名詞 同位語(yǔ)從句
注意:在實(shí)踐中,同學(xué)們常把該從句與定語(yǔ)從句混淆,下面介紹一下判別方法。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分為同位語(yǔ)從句,在句子中作成分的,便是定語(yǔ)從句。試比較: 1.The report that there will be an exam is a lie.that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)樗趶木渲校▌澗€部分)不作成分,只是說(shuō)明report的具體內(nèi)容。
2.The report that he wrote is not true.that為關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)閠hat在從句中(劃線部分)作動(dòng)詞 wrote的賓語(yǔ)。
三、熟記幾種特殊情況
(一)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that可省略,但若及物動(dòng)詞后有兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省略,第二個(gè)以后的that不能省略。例如:He told me(that)he was born in Germany,and that he spoke German.(可省略)
(二)從句中如有形式賓語(yǔ),連接真正賓語(yǔ)的that不省略。例如:We made it a rule that we read English in the morning.(不省略)
(三)賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether與or not直接連用不能換成if,不直接連用時(shí)可換。例如:They don’t know whether or not the news is true. 此句的whether不能換成if。They don’t know whether the news is true or not. 此句的whether可換成if。