Text 3
Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and to it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.
Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, and English academic, well _ known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820) applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.
Taylor was of well _ to _ do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty _ five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.
In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave _ driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.
51. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?
［A］Great breakthroughs.
［B］Unlimited purchasing power.
［C］Science and competition.
［D］International competition.
52. Taylor is most famous for.
［A］his application of scientific methods to work
［B］his book"The Principles of Scientific Management"
［C］his various innovations in steel processing
［D］The spreading of his scientific management method
53. Charles Babbage, an English academic,.
［A］tried to use computers in production processes
［B］first used computers in the area of cost accounting
［C］was the father of modern computers
［D］tried a scientific management approach
54. Taylor s scientific management method was described as .
［A］scientific and human
［B］efficient but slave _ driving
［C］academic but practicable
［D］brutal but highly successful
55. When he died in 1905, Taylor
［A］ purchased a steel mill.
［B］ sold a steel mill.
［C］ started to protect environment.
［D］ left a huge school of followers.
Text 4
This is the weather Scobie loves. Lying in bed he touches his telescope lovingly, turning a wistful eye on the blank wall of rotting mud _ bricks which shuts off his view of the sea.
Scobie is getting on for seventy and still afraid to die; his one fear is that he will awake one morning and find himself dead-Lieutenant _ Commander Scobie, O.B.E. Consequently it gives him a severe shock every morning when the water _ carriers shriek under his window before dawn, waking him up. For a moment, he says, he dares not open his eyes. Keeping them fast shut (for fear they might open on the heavenly host) he gropes along the cake _ stand beside his bed and grabs his pipe. It is always loaded from the night before and an open matchbox stands beside it. The first whiff of tobacco restores both his composure and his eyesight. He breathes deeply, grateful for reassurance. He smiles. He gloats. Then, drawing the heavy sheepskin which serves him as a bed _ cover up to his ears, he sings a little triumphal song to the morning.
Taking stock of himself he discovers that he has the inevitable headache. His tongue is raw from last night s brandy. But against these trifling discomforts the prospect of another day in life weighs heavily. He pauses to slip in his false teeth. He places his wrinkled fingers to his chest and is comforted by the sound of his heart at work. He is rather proud of his heart. If you ever visit him when he is in bed he is almost sure to grasp your hand in his and ask you to feel it. Swallowing a little, you shove your hand inside his cheap night _ jacket to experience those sad, blunt, far _ away humps-like those of an unborn baby. He buttons up his pajamas with touching pride and give his imitation roar of animal health-"Bounding from my bed like a lion"-that is another of his phrases. You have not experienced the full charm of the man unless you have actually seen him, bent double with rheumatism, crawling out from between his coarse cotton sheets like a ruin. Only in the warmest months of the year do his bones thaw out sufficiently to enable him to stand erect. In the summer afternoons he walks in the park, his little head glowing like a minor sun, his jaw set in a violent expression of health.
His tiny nautical pension is hardly enough to pay for one cockroach _ infested room; he ekes it out with an equally small salary from the Egyptian government, which carries with it the proud title of Bimbashi in the Police Force. Origins he h
as none. His past spreads over a dozen continents like a true subject of myth. And his presence is so rich with imaginary health that he needs nothing more-except perhaps an occasional trip to Cairo during Ramadhan, when his office is close
d and presumably all crime comes to a standstill because of the past.
56. Scobie liked to have his telescope in bed because
［A］he enjoyed looking at the passers _ by, even if he could see the sea.
［B］he refused touching it and looking through it at the wall.
［C］he refused to accept the fact that he could not see the sea.
［D］he enjoyed looking at he passers _ by, even if he could not see the sea.
57. Every morning Scobie
［A］refused to open his eyes until he had had his first cigarette.
［B］according to himself, did not open his eyes in case he had died in the night.
［C］denied that he opened his eyes until he had had his first died in the night.
［D］could not see anything when the first noises in the street woke him.
58. Scobie s morning discovery that he was still alive made him feel
［A］delighted with his success in surviving the night.
［B］delightful because of his achievement in living.
［C］satisfied with his victory over life.
［D］satisfying with his victory over death.
59. When he got out of bed, Scobie
［A］jumped out like a young man, to show how healthy he was.
［B］got out slowly because he was too busy talking.
［C］could hardly get out although he suffered badly from rheumatism.
［D］got out with difficulty because his homes were stiff and painful.
60. What can his pension enough to pay for？
［A］ one big apartment
［B］ a Two _ room apartment
［C］ one cockroach _ infested room
［D］ his well _ being life
Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and to it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.
Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, and English academic, well _ known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820) applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.
Taylor was of well _ to _ do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty _ five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.
In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave _ driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.
51. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?
［A］Great breakthroughs.
［B］Unlimited purchasing power.
［C］Science and competition.
［D］International competition.
52. Taylor is most famous for.
［A］his application of scientific methods to work
［B］his book"The Principles of Scientific Management"
［C］his various innovations in steel processing
［D］The spreading of his scientific management method
53. Charles Babbage, an English academic,.
［A］tried to use computers in production processes
［B］first used computers in the area of cost accounting
［C］was the father of modern computers
［D］tried a scientific management approach
54. Taylor s scientific management method was described as .
［A］scientific and human
［B］efficient but slave _ driving
［C］academic but practicable
［D］brutal but highly successful
55. When he died in 1905, Taylor
［A］ purchased a steel mill.
［B］ sold a steel mill.
［C］ started to protect environment.
［D］ left a huge school of followers.
Text 4
This is the weather Scobie loves. Lying in bed he touches his telescope lovingly, turning a wistful eye on the blank wall of rotting mud _ bricks which shuts off his view of the sea.
Scobie is getting on for seventy and still afraid to die; his one fear is that he will awake one morning and find himself dead-Lieutenant _ Commander Scobie, O.B.E. Consequently it gives him a severe shock every morning when the water _ carriers shriek under his window before dawn, waking him up. For a moment, he says, he dares not open his eyes. Keeping them fast shut (for fear they might open on the heavenly host) he gropes along the cake _ stand beside his bed and grabs his pipe. It is always loaded from the night before and an open matchbox stands beside it. The first whiff of tobacco restores both his composure and his eyesight. He breathes deeply, grateful for reassurance. He smiles. He gloats. Then, drawing the heavy sheepskin which serves him as a bed _ cover up to his ears, he sings a little triumphal song to the morning.
Taking stock of himself he discovers that he has the inevitable headache. His tongue is raw from last night s brandy. But against these trifling discomforts the prospect of another day in life weighs heavily. He pauses to slip in his false teeth. He places his wrinkled fingers to his chest and is comforted by the sound of his heart at work. He is rather proud of his heart. If you ever visit him when he is in bed he is almost sure to grasp your hand in his and ask you to feel it. Swallowing a little, you shove your hand inside his cheap night _ jacket to experience those sad, blunt, far _ away humps-like those of an unborn baby. He buttons up his pajamas with touching pride and give his imitation roar of animal health-"Bounding from my bed like a lion"-that is another of his phrases. You have not experienced the full charm of the man unless you have actually seen him, bent double with rheumatism, crawling out from between his coarse cotton sheets like a ruin. Only in the warmest months of the year do his bones thaw out sufficiently to enable him to stand erect. In the summer afternoons he walks in the park, his little head glowing like a minor sun, his jaw set in a violent expression of health.
His tiny nautical pension is hardly enough to pay for one cockroach _ infested room; he ekes it out with an equally small salary from the Egyptian government, which carries with it the proud title of Bimbashi in the Police Force. Origins he h
as none. His past spreads over a dozen continents like a true subject of myth. And his presence is so rich with imaginary health that he needs nothing more-except perhaps an occasional trip to Cairo during Ramadhan, when his office is close
d and presumably all crime comes to a standstill because of the past.
56. Scobie liked to have his telescope in bed because
［A］he enjoyed looking at the passers _ by, even if he could see the sea.
［B］he refused touching it and looking through it at the wall.
［C］he refused to accept the fact that he could not see the sea.
［D］he enjoyed looking at he passers _ by, even if he could not see the sea.
57. Every morning Scobie
［A］refused to open his eyes until he had had his first cigarette.
［B］according to himself, did not open his eyes in case he had died in the night.
［C］denied that he opened his eyes until he had had his first died in the night.
［D］could not see anything when the first noises in the street woke him.
58. Scobie s morning discovery that he was still alive made him feel
［A］delighted with his success in surviving the night.
［B］delightful because of his achievement in living.
［C］satisfied with his victory over life.
［D］satisfying with his victory over death.
59. When he got out of bed, Scobie
［A］jumped out like a young man, to show how healthy he was.
［B］got out slowly because he was too busy talking.
［C］could hardly get out although he suffered badly from rheumatism.
［D］got out with difficulty because his homes were stiff and painful.
60. What can his pension enough to pay for？
［A］ one big apartment
［B］ a Two _ room apartment
［C］ one cockroach _ infested room
［D］ his well _ being life