Part I Writing
(30minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Plastic Bags: Friend or Foe". You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbelowinChinese:
2008年6月1日起,中國(guó)開(kāi)始實(shí)行"限塑令",對(duì)此:
1. 有人認(rèn)為,塑料袋給人們的生活帶來(lái)了便利,不應(yīng)限制使用；
2. 有人認(rèn)為,塑料袋的使用帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題,應(yīng)該被限制；
3. 我認(rèn)為……
Part II Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning)
(15minutes)
Directions:
In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. Forquestions1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Bill Gates has retired. He is still only 52, and he is going off to spend more time guiding the world’s richest philanthropic(慈善的) organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He will still be Microsoft’s chairman and the largest shareholder, but June 27, 2008 was his last day as a full-time worker at the software giant, marking the unofficial end of his career as a business leader.
What a career it has been! Mr. Gates has been an animating force behind the personal computer revolution, helping to build a huge global industry and design successful products like Windows and Office, used every day in offices and homes around the world.
The Harvard dropout was the wealthiest person on the planet for years —worth more than $100 billion in 1999 —though his fortune is now about half that because of the decline of Microsoft’s shares and his continuing donations to his foundation, which is focused on global health and education.
Despite his success, Mr. Gates is moving on as the company he co-founded in 1975 is struggling to find its way. The focus of technology has shifted from PCs to the Internet, altering the old rules of competition that were so lucratively (獲利多地) mastered by Microsoft.
For millions of users, mobile devices like cellphones are beginning to edge out PCs as the tool of choice for many computing tasks. And Google, the front runner in the current wave of Internet computing, has taken away the title of hightech leadership from Microsoft.
Although Mr. Gates will spend one day a week at the company, it will be up to his successors, led by Steven A. Ballmer, the chief executive, to overcome the challenges of the Internet or watch Microsoft’s wealth and leadership in the industry steadily eroded (侵蝕). "Bill’s legacy is Windows and Office, and that will be a rich advantage for years to come, but it’s not the future," said David B. Yoffie, a professor at the Harvard Business School. Still, the Gates’legacy is impressive. In addition to the software itself, Mr. Gates and his company have fundamentally shaped how people think about competition in many industries where technology plays a central role. Today, there are more than one billion copies of the Windows operating system on PCs around the world.
Industry experts and economists say that Windows is not necessarily the most satisfying software for running the basic operations of a personal computer —Apple’s Macintosh can claim the most devout fan club. But Mr. Gates grasped and deployed two related concepts on a scale no one ever had in the past: "the network effects" and the creation of "a technology platform".
Put simply, a network effect describes a phenomenon in which the value of a product goes up as more people use it. E-mail messaging and telephones are classic examples.
A technology platform is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services. The more people using the tools, the more popular the platform can become. Mr. Gates took advantage of both notions and combined them to build Microsoft’s dominance in PCs, spreading their influence with computer makers and software developers.
Today, there are many thousands of software applications that run on the Windows platform, not only word processing and spreadsheets but also the specialized programs in doctors’ offices, factory floors and retail stores —a very broad network on a technology platform.
"Gates saw software as a separate market from hardware before anyone else, but his great insight was recognizing the power of the network effects surrounding the software," said Michael Cusumano, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management. That, Professor Cusumano added, was the essential difference in the paths of Microsoft and Apple, the early leaders in personal computing. Apple, he said, focused on making outstanding products alone, while Microsoft nurtured a growing ecosystem of outside software developers who used and were dependent on Microsoft’s technology. The result, he added, was that, while Apple continued to make outstanding products, more than 90% of personal computers ran on Microsoft software.
In the early years, it was unclear how much Mr. Gates was pursuing each opportunity as it came, as opposed to carrying out a grand strategy. He certainly had large ambitions. When he was a Harvard undergraduate, Mr. Gates lamented (為……遺憾) that so many of his fellow students pursued a "narrow track for success" instead of being willing to "take big risks to do big things". In A Harvard Business School Case Study, published in 1994, Mr. Gates spoke of Microsoft’s strategy in terms of network effects and technology standards which enabled the company to command markets. "We look for businesses where we can garner (取得,獲得) large market shares, not just 30% or 35%,"he said.
In the past, Microsoft has beaten back challenges and vanquished (擊敗) rivals, even when it came late to markets, as it did in the first wave of Internet technology. Mr. Gates’wise 1995 decision to embrace Internet browsing technology and attack the early leader, Netscape Communications, started a pitched antitrust battle (激烈的反壟斷戰(zhàn))with the government. "But he extended Microsoft’s hegemony (霸權(quán)) for a decade,"said Mitchell Kapor, a long-time rival.
However, Microsoft is lagging badly in the current round of Internet competition, and analysts say it is facing more formidable (可怕的,難以克服的) challenges this time —notably Google. Microsoft’s share of Internet search in the United States is less than 10%, while Google holds more than 60% and Yahoo has about 20%. And searching is only part of the new platform on the Web, which includes social networks like Facebook and MySpace and Internet-based alternatives to traditional desktop software, including e-mail messaging, word processors and spreadsheets.
1. According to the passage, Gates has left Microsoft.
2. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is focusing on education and health.
3. Recently, Microsoft programs have been focusing on the Internet.
4. The income of Google has now exceeded that of Microsoft.
5. Undoubtedly, Windows is the most pleasing software for running the basic operations of a personal computer.
6. Today, there are few software applications that run on the Windows platform.
7. Microsoft faced a pitched antitrust battle with the government in 1995.
8. _______________ is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services.
9. Although in the past Microsoft has beaten back challenges and vanquished rivals, it is lagging badly in_____________.
10. __________________ is now the CEO of Microsoft, hoping to overcome the challenges of the Internet.
art III Reading Comprehension
(Reading in Depth)
(25minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
As the price of fuel continues to climb, more drivers are trying to save 20 or so cents a gallon by using 11 or midgrade gasoline, even when their owner’s manuals recommend premium (額外補(bǔ)貼). For gas station managers, fuel suppliers and motorists across the country, the run on the cheaper fuel has 12 to more uncertainty at the pumps (油泵), as some stations have run 13 of the cheaper grades. "Even people with the highend cars are cutting corners and using the cheaper 14 ,"said Dominick Vallera, the manager of a Shell station on Capitol Avenue in Hartford. "It’s got us 15 guessing how much to order."For nearly 48 hours last week, Mr. Vallera had to put yellow bags on pump handles and white signs over the meters for the regular gas pumps because he had run dry. Because the compa-nies that 16 his station are paid by the delivery, Mr. Vallera said, they want to deliver more 17 , so their trucks carry only the amount that has been ordered in 18 , not any extra to top up a station’s 19 tanks. If motorists show up in large numbers and use more than the 20 amount of regular gas, a station may run out before the next delivery, he said.
A) predicted I) out
B) often J) eliminate
C) transmit K) regular
D) supply L) advance
E) led M) constantly
F) absolutely N) direct
G) stuff O) storage
H) vanished
■Section B
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences.
For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The price of oil has risen to more than 120 dollars a barrel. Some experts say the most recent price increase is only the beginning. Experts at the investment bank, Goldman Sachs, have predicted that oil could reach 200 dollars a barrel.
Unrest in oil producing countries has been partly to blame. Last weekend, a rebel group in Nigeria said it had attacked an oil center in Bayelsa state. Nigeria is the 8th biggest oil exporter in the world. Also, Iraq is slowly re-building its oil production ability. Iraq’s industry minister says that the country’s oil production is currently at about 2 million barrels of oil a day. He says that could increase to 5 million barrels of oil a day in two to three years, depending on how much foreign help Iraq receives. The Venezuelan government’s efforts to control its oil industry have in-creased tensions with foreign oil producers. And Russia, the world’s 2nd largest exporter, has also sought to in-crease government control of its energy resources. Nationalization of oil resources often forces out foreign investment that would normally seek to increase supplies.
Another cause of high oil prices is the weak American dollar. Oil is traded in dollars, so a less valuable dollar buys less oil. But experts have noted that the weak dollar alone cannot explain the increase of about 85% in the price of oil over the last year.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) is the world’s largest oil producing group. It says its member nations like Kuwait, Venezuela and Nigeria, not including Iraq, are investing 120 billion dollars in over 100 new oil projects. OPEC says it produces about 45% of the world’s oil exports. In the past, non-OPEC producers like Russia, Mexico and Norway, have increased production to meet demand. But these nations have struggled to keep production at the levels of recent years. Norway’s production, for example, has decreased by 25% since 2001.
The expanding economies of Asia, especially China and India, have increased pressure on world supplies. Meeting demand appears to be harder than ever before.
21. What can we know about OPEC?
A) It is a company that invests money in oil producing countries.
B) It is the world’s largest oil producing group.
C) It is the world’s largest oil producing country.
D) It is a company that exports oil to other countries.
22. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A) Unrest in oil producing countries is one reason for the increase in oil prices.
B) Another cause of high oil prices is the weak American dollar.
C) OPEC says it produces about fifty-four percent of the world’s oil exports.
D) Some non-OPEC producers can’t produce all the oil they need.
23. Which of the following are OPEC member nations?
A) Nigeria, Venezuela and Norway.
B) Nigeria, Venezuela and Russia.
C) Russia, Mexico and Norway.
D) Nigeria, Venezuela and Kuwait.
24. What can we learn from this passage?
A) Some experts say oil prices will go down soon.
B) If Iraq got more help from foreign countries, it would increase its oil production.
C) Now, the same amount of dollars can buy more oil than before.
D) OPEC is not active in dealing with the oil problems.
25. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A) China and India are developed countries in Asia.
B) China and India have increased pressure on the world economy.
C) To meet the oil demand of the whole world appears to be harder than ever before.
D) It is becoming harder and harder for countries to come to an agreement.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
A yearly meeting of all the member countries in the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) was held this week in Geneva, Switzerland. Delegates from 193 countries discussed the progress and set policy for the coming year. The W.H.O., a United Nations’ agency, is 60 years old this year.
But Director-General Margaret Chan, as she opened the World Health Assembly, noted that the delegates were meeting at a time of tragedy. She expressed sympathy to millions of people affected by the recent cyclone in Burma, also known as Myanmar, and the earthquake in China.
Doctor Chan said three crises lie ahead that threat international security and will affect human health. One is food security, another is climate change and the third is the threat of a worldwide outbreak of influenza. She said the world produces enough food to feed everyone —in fact, she added, far too many people are overfed. Yet now, food prices have risen sharply. She noted that the crisis hits the poor the hardest, and that the more a family spends on food, the less it has for health care. The W.H.O. chief said climate change will also hit the poor the hardest but, to a greater or lesser extent, will affect all countries. She said more droughts, floods and storms mean greater demands for humanitarian aid. And, she warned, it will mean a growing number of environmental refugees. And, thirdly, Doctor Chan warned of a continued threat of pandemic influenza. She said it would be very unwise for governments not to prepare. She urged delegates to support a W.H.O. resolution on the sharing of influenza viruses for research and to make vaccines (疫苗) widely available.
The W.H.O. this week also released its "World Health Statistics Report for 2008". Agency officials said fewer people are dying of infectious diseases. In more and more countries, they said, the chief causes of death are conditions such as heart disease and stroke. By 2030, non-communicable conditions are expected to cause more than 3/4 of all deaths. Almost 1/3 of all deaths will result from cancer, heart disease and traffic accidents. The number one cause of preventable deaths is tobacco. More than 8 million tobacco-related deaths are predicted in 2030 —80% of them in developing countries.
26. What do we know about the W.H.O.?
A) There will be a yearly meeting of all the member countries held in Geneva, Switzerland.
B) It is a United Nations’agency.
C) There are 190 member countries in the W.H.O.
D) It is fifty years old this year.
27. Why did Doctor Chan say the delegates were meeting at a time of tragedy?
A) Oil prices are increasing sharply in 2008.
B) Food prices have been going up recently.
C) More people are dying of diseases now than in the past.
D) There have been many natural disasters recently like the cyclone in Burma and the earthquake in China.
28. What are the three crises lying ahead that will affect human health?
A) Food security, heart disease and influenza.
B) Food security, climate change and influenza.
C) Cancer, heart disease and influenza.
D) Cancer, heart disease and climate change.
29. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A) In more and more countries, the chief cause of death is cancer.
B) Almost 1/4 of all deaths will result from cancer, heart disease and traffic accidents.
C) Agency officials said that fewer people are dying of infectious diseases.
D) More than eight million tobacco-related deaths are predicted in 2020.
30. What is the main idea of this passage?
A) Three growing threats the world faces.
B) The continued threat of pandemic influenza.
C) Millions of people affected by the recent cyclone.
D) Non-communicable conditions causing lots of deaths.
Part IV Cloze(15minutes)
Directions:
Part IV Cloze
(15 minutes)
Directions:
There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
Is carbon dioxide the "villain" in the atmosphere? It is not very 31 and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity —only 0.034 % —that it does us no 32 .
What’s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants 33 carbon dioxide as their food, where it then serves 34 the basic component in all food consumed by animals. In the process, plants 35 oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life. Here is what this 36 harmless but actually hazardous gas is doing to us:
The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. 37 , it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the 38 of the next hundred years.
39 , the sea will reach two hundred feet 40 its present level, and will be 41 the windows on the twenti-eth floors of Manhattan’s skyscrapers.
To 42 are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first 43 , then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The burning produces much carbon dioxide.
44 , the Earth’s forests have been 45 , slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now they are disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.
46 , not only is more carbon dioxide being 47 to the atmosphere through the burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being 48 from the atmosphere by plants.
The 49 of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is steadily rising. With the Earth’s average temperature in-creasing, the polar ice caps are beginning to 50 , and the sea level is rising. Who is the "villain"? Carbon dioxide? Perhaps not.
31. A) poisonous B) nutritious C) active D) negative
32. A) goodness B) danger C) harm D) advantage
33. A) find B) use C) practice D) employ
34. A) as B) for C) like D) to
35. A) transmit B) release C) take D) relieve
36. A) definitely B) seemingly C) undoubtedly D) surely
37. A) To begin with B) All in all C) In all likelihood D) In a word
38. A) process B) period C) time D) course
39. A) However B) Eventually C) Clearly D) Obviously
40. A) below B) beneath C) above D) over
41. A) punching B) shaking C) bumping D) splashing
42. A) charge B) accuse C) blame D) reproach
43. A) paperB) cloth C) coal D) plastic
44. A) Secondly B) Firstly C) Meanwhile D) Maybe
45. A) growing B) disappearing C) cutting D) replanting
46. A) ThusB) Furthermore C) Moreover D) Finally
47. A) increased B) reduced C) added D) poured
48. A) brought B) removed C) produced D) created
49. A) construction B) formation C) concentration D) distribution
50. A) thicken B) break C) melt D) strengthen
Part V Translation(5minutes)
Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.
51. It would be wise to ____________________________(冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙的問(wèn)題).
52. When the teacher came upstairs to check on us kids, ____________________________(我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身假裝睡著了).
53. The exhibition is very popular and is ____________________(吸引著源源不斷的參觀者).
54. _______________________ (這個(gè)房間有股霉味). It must have been vacant for a long time.
55. He is a _______________________________(心胸狹窄的男人).
Part I Writing
One possible version:
Plastic Bags: Friend or Foe
On June 1st, 2008, China started to carry on a new policy called "Plastic Bag Restriction Policy "in order to reduce the use of plastic bags in the country. Undoubtedly, there is a heated discussion going on about whether plastic bags should be used or not.
Some people don’t agree with the idea of restricting the use of plastic bags. They believe that plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are provided in both supermarkets and corner stores. These bags do make people’s lives more convenient because shoppers don’t have to bring either bags or baskets when going shopping. They are also very cheap and usually offered free of charge. They are people’s friends.
However, other people stand on the opposite ground. They believe plastic bags lead to serious consequences. The plastic bags some people throw away casually create white pollution in our environment, which is very harmful, as the bags cannot be broken down easily. Therefore, they are foes of the environment.
There is some truth in both arguments. However, I favor the latter side. After all, it might be better for people to use traditional cloth bags to carry goods instead of plastic ones.
Part II
Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning)
1. N。參見(jiàn)第一段第三句話"He will still be Microsoft’s chairman and the largest shareholder ..."可知,他仍然是微軟公司的主席和的股東。
2. Y。參見(jiàn)第三段中"... his foundation, which is focused on global health and education."可知,他們的基金會(huì)主要致力于教育和衛(wèi)生事業(yè)。
3. Y。參見(jiàn)第四段中"The focus of technology has shifted from PCs to the Internet ..."可知,微軟的技術(shù)核心已經(jīng)從個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向了網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
4. NG。從文章第五段中"And Google, the front runner in the current wave of Internet computing, has taken away the title of high-tech leadership from Microsoft."只知道Google在網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域于微軟,但這并不意味著其收入超過(guò)了后者。
5. N。參見(jiàn)第七段中"Industry experts and economists say that Windows is not necessarily the most satisfying software for running the basic operations of a personal computer ..."可知,行業(yè)專家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為"視窗"操作系統(tǒng)不一定是最令人滿意的用于運(yùn)行個(gè)人電腦的軟件。
6. N。參見(jiàn)第十段中"Today, there are many thousands of software applications that run on the Windows platform ..."可知,目前"視窗"操作系統(tǒng)可用來(lái)運(yùn)行大量的應(yīng)用軟件。
7. Y。參見(jiàn)第十三段中"Mr. Gates’wise 1995 decision to embrace Internet browsing technology and attack the early leader, Netscape Communications, started a pitched antitrust battle with the government."可知,微軟公司1995年卷進(jìn)激烈的反壟斷戰(zhàn)。
8. A technology platform。參見(jiàn)第九段中"A technology platform is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services."可知,一項(xiàng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)是人們可以以此為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)打造自己的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的一套工具或服務(wù)。
9. the current round of Internet competition。參見(jiàn)第十四段中"... Microsoft is lagging badly in the current round of Internet competition ..."可知,微軟在目前的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地落后了。
10. Steven A. Ballmer。參見(jiàn)第六段中"... Steven A. Ballmer, the chief executive, to overcome the challenges of the Internet ...",可知,Steven A. Ballmer是微軟的繼任首席執(zhí)行官。
Part III
Reading Comprehension
(Reading in Depth)
Section A
11. K)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講到由于油價(jià)持續(xù)攀升,許多司機(jī)就選用常規(guī)的或中等價(jià)位的石油以節(jié)省開(kāi)支。故選K)。
12. E)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講的是由于前面提到的油價(jià)攀升的原因,許多人選用更加便宜的燃料,這就導(dǎo)致了更多的不確定因素, "導(dǎo)致"用短語(yǔ)"lead to"。故選E)。
13. I)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處講導(dǎo)致不確定因素的具體原因是加油站用完了廉價(jià)油,"run out of"意為"用完,用光"。故選I)。
14. G)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講甚至一些高檔汽車(chē)用戶也抄近道和使用更加便宜的材料,這里的材料同樣指的是石油。故選G)。
15. M)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處講用戶時(shí)不時(shí)使用廉價(jià)油導(dǎo)致加油站經(jīng)常要猜測(cè)需要訂購(gòu)多少油。故選M)。
16. D)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講加油站是按供應(yīng)商的運(yùn)油次數(shù)來(lái)付款的,所以需要一個(gè)意思為"提供"的詞語(yǔ)。故選D)。
17. B)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。根據(jù)前后邏輯關(guān)系,此處想要表達(dá)的是由于加油站是按供應(yīng)商的運(yùn)油次數(shù)來(lái)付款的,所以供應(yīng)商想要增加運(yùn)送的次數(shù)。故選B)。
18. L)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。根據(jù)上下文,此處講供應(yīng)商想增加運(yùn)送業(yè)務(wù)的次數(shù),因此運(yùn)油車(chē)只運(yùn)送提前預(yù)訂好的油量,"提前"用"in advance"。故選L)。
19. O)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講給加油站運(yùn)的油是提前預(yù)訂好的,不運(yùn)送超出加油站儲(chǔ)油罐的多余的油。此處"storage"是名詞作"tanks"的定語(yǔ)。故選O)。
20. A)。此處需要一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。此處講如果駕駛員超過(guò)預(yù)期大量地加常規(guī)油,那么在下一次供應(yīng)商把油運(yùn)來(lái)之前,加油站的油可能就已經(jīng)被用戶加光了。故選A)?！ ?BR> Section B
Passage One
21. B)。OPEC是"The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries"的縮寫(xiě),根據(jù)文中"The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is the world’s largest oil producing group."一句可以得出答案為B)。
22. D)。參見(jiàn)第四段可知,過(guò)去幾年非OPEC石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)如俄羅斯、墨西哥和挪威通過(guò)提高石油產(chǎn)量滿足了石油需求,但是最近幾年,這些國(guó)家的石油產(chǎn)量很難再滿足需求了。故選D)。
23. D)。參見(jiàn)第四段中"It says its member nations like Kuwait, Venezuela and Nigeria ..."以及"In the past, non-OPEC producers like Russia, Mexico and Norway ..."可知, OPEC成員國(guó)有科威特、委內(nèi)瑞拉、尼日利亞,而俄羅斯、墨西哥和挪威是非OPEC石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)。故選D)。
24. B)。由第一段可知,一些專家說(shuō)最近石油價(jià)格的上漲只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始。由第二段可知,對(duì)于伊拉克來(lái)說(shuō),在未來(lái)的二到三年內(nèi)石油產(chǎn)量能增至500萬(wàn)桶/天,這取決于伊拉克獲得國(guó)外援助的多少。由第三段可知,疲軟的美元只能買(mǎi)到更少的石油。由第四段可知,OPEC正在投資興建石油新項(xiàng)目,所以它是積極的。由以上信息可推斷出B)為正確選項(xiàng)。
25. C)。最后一段的意思是:以中國(guó)和印度為首的亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)增大了世界供給的壓力,滿足世界石油需求變得前所未有的困難。故選C)。
Passage Two
26. B)。參見(jiàn)第一段可知,本周世界衛(wèi)生組織成員國(guó)在瑞士的日內(nèi)瓦舉行了年度會(huì)議。來(lái)自193個(gè)國(guó)家的代表討論了明年的發(fā)展計(jì)劃并制定政策。世界衛(wèi)生組織是聯(lián)合國(guó)的一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu),今年已經(jīng)60歲了。故選B)。
27. D)。參見(jiàn)第二段可知,總干事Margaret Chan在召開(kāi)世界衛(wèi)生組織大會(huì)時(shí)指出,代表們與會(huì)的時(shí)刻是一個(gè)悲劇性時(shí)刻。她向數(shù)百萬(wàn)受緬甸颶風(fēng)和中國(guó)地震影響的民眾表示了同情。故選D)。
28. B)。參見(jiàn)第三段可知,Doctor Chan說(shuō)當(dāng)前有三大危機(jī),它們對(duì)國(guó)際安全產(chǎn)生威脅并將影響人類(lèi)的健康。它們分別是:食品安全問(wèn)題、氣候變化以及流行性感冒。故選B)。
29. C)。參見(jiàn)最后一段可知,世界衛(wèi)生組織官員表示死于傳染性疾病的人數(shù)在減少。在越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家里,死亡的主要原因是諸如心臟病、中風(fēng)等疾病。到2030年非傳染性疾病死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)超過(guò)總死亡人數(shù)的3/4,幾乎1/3的死亡者死于癌癥、心臟病和車(chē)禍。到2030年預(yù)計(jì)有超過(guò)八百萬(wàn)人死于吸煙引發(fā)的疾病——其中80% 來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家。故選C)。
30. A)?？v觀全文可知,本文主要講當(dāng)前有三大危機(jī),分別是食品安全問(wèn)題、氣候變化以及流行性感冒,它們對(duì)國(guó)際安全產(chǎn)生威脅并將影響人類(lèi)的健康。其他部分都是由這些引起的。故選A)。
Part IV Cloze
31. A)。根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭第一句可知此處是在討論二氧化碳是好是壞,結(jié)合后文"and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity —only 0.034 % ..."可以推斷此空應(yīng)該填"poisonous"。故選A)。
32. C)。文章前面提到"It is not very poisonous"和"only 0.034 %", 可判斷出應(yīng)該是指二氧化碳不會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)有害, 因此,用到固定搭配"do sb no harm"。故選C)。
33. B)。此處意思是植物把二氧化碳當(dāng)作食物。"use ... as ..."意為"當(dāng)作"。故選B)。
34. A)?？疾楣潭ù钆?serve as",意為"充當(dāng),作為"。故選A)。
35. B)。依據(jù)常識(shí),植物吸收二氧化碳,釋放氧氣,所以,應(yīng)選"release",表"釋放,放出"之意。故選B)。
36. B)。根據(jù)上下文推斷二氧化碳不是對(duì)人類(lèi)完全無(wú)害,因此此處應(yīng)選"seemingly"意為"表面上看"。故選B)。
37. C)。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,此處應(yīng)選一個(gè)連接副詞或副詞性短語(yǔ)；從意思上看應(yīng)表"可能性",所以,應(yīng)選"In all likelihood"表"極有可能"之意。故選C)。
38. D)?？疾楣潭ù钆?in the course of"意為"在……期間"。故選D)。
39. B)。從上下文看,此處所填詞應(yīng)表結(jié)果,所以選擇"Eventually",表"最后,最終"。故選B)。
40. C)。依據(jù)上下文,海水將會(huì)漲得超過(guò)目前的水平線,"above"表"超過(guò),高于"。故選C)。
41. D)。依據(jù)上下文,海水將會(huì)漲得超過(guò)目前的水平線,達(dá)到曼哈頓摩天大廈第二十層窗戶的高度,splashing against 是形容水沖刷窗戶發(fā)出的嘩啦、嘩啦的聲音。故選D)。
42. C)。考查固定搭配"(be) to blame"意為"對(duì)某件壞事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任"。故選C)。
43. C)。依據(jù)下文"... then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate."可推斷出應(yīng)選一種燃料。故選C)。
44. A)。上文提到造成海平面上漲有兩大原因,第一個(gè)原因是人類(lèi)燃燒各種燃料導(dǎo)致的。本段講的是第二個(gè)原因,因此選"Secondly"。故選A)。
45. B)。依據(jù)下文"Right now they are disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute."。故選B)。
46. A)。依據(jù)上文"... then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate.",此處應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系。故選A)。
47. C)。同樣依據(jù)上文"... then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate.",此處應(yīng)選"added"意為"增加到,添加到"。故選C)。
48. B)。依據(jù)常識(shí),樹(shù)木的減少將導(dǎo)致更少的二氧化碳被植物清除或消除。故選B)。
49. C)。此處意為空氣中的二氧化碳含量增多,應(yīng)選"concentration"意為"含量,濃度"。故選C)。
50. C)。依據(jù)常識(shí),地球平均氣溫上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致極地冰蓋融化。"melt"意為"融化"。故選C)。
Part V Translation
51. handle this delicate problem with calm and patience
52. I turned over and pretended to be asleep
53. attracting a steady stream of visitors
54. The room smells of stale air
55. narrow-minded man
(30minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Plastic Bags: Friend or Foe". You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbelowinChinese:
2008年6月1日起,中國(guó)開(kāi)始實(shí)行"限塑令",對(duì)此:
1. 有人認(rèn)為,塑料袋給人們的生活帶來(lái)了便利,不應(yīng)限制使用；
2. 有人認(rèn)為,塑料袋的使用帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題,應(yīng)該被限制；
3. 我認(rèn)為……
Part II Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning)
(15minutes)
Directions:
In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. Forquestions1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Bill Gates has retired. He is still only 52, and he is going off to spend more time guiding the world’s richest philanthropic(慈善的) organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He will still be Microsoft’s chairman and the largest shareholder, but June 27, 2008 was his last day as a full-time worker at the software giant, marking the unofficial end of his career as a business leader.
What a career it has been! Mr. Gates has been an animating force behind the personal computer revolution, helping to build a huge global industry and design successful products like Windows and Office, used every day in offices and homes around the world.
The Harvard dropout was the wealthiest person on the planet for years —worth more than $100 billion in 1999 —though his fortune is now about half that because of the decline of Microsoft’s shares and his continuing donations to his foundation, which is focused on global health and education.
Despite his success, Mr. Gates is moving on as the company he co-founded in 1975 is struggling to find its way. The focus of technology has shifted from PCs to the Internet, altering the old rules of competition that were so lucratively (獲利多地) mastered by Microsoft.
For millions of users, mobile devices like cellphones are beginning to edge out PCs as the tool of choice for many computing tasks. And Google, the front runner in the current wave of Internet computing, has taken away the title of hightech leadership from Microsoft.
Although Mr. Gates will spend one day a week at the company, it will be up to his successors, led by Steven A. Ballmer, the chief executive, to overcome the challenges of the Internet or watch Microsoft’s wealth and leadership in the industry steadily eroded (侵蝕). "Bill’s legacy is Windows and Office, and that will be a rich advantage for years to come, but it’s not the future," said David B. Yoffie, a professor at the Harvard Business School. Still, the Gates’legacy is impressive. In addition to the software itself, Mr. Gates and his company have fundamentally shaped how people think about competition in many industries where technology plays a central role. Today, there are more than one billion copies of the Windows operating system on PCs around the world.
Industry experts and economists say that Windows is not necessarily the most satisfying software for running the basic operations of a personal computer —Apple’s Macintosh can claim the most devout fan club. But Mr. Gates grasped and deployed two related concepts on a scale no one ever had in the past: "the network effects" and the creation of "a technology platform".
Put simply, a network effect describes a phenomenon in which the value of a product goes up as more people use it. E-mail messaging and telephones are classic examples.
A technology platform is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services. The more people using the tools, the more popular the platform can become. Mr. Gates took advantage of both notions and combined them to build Microsoft’s dominance in PCs, spreading their influence with computer makers and software developers.
Today, there are many thousands of software applications that run on the Windows platform, not only word processing and spreadsheets but also the specialized programs in doctors’ offices, factory floors and retail stores —a very broad network on a technology platform.
"Gates saw software as a separate market from hardware before anyone else, but his great insight was recognizing the power of the network effects surrounding the software," said Michael Cusumano, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management. That, Professor Cusumano added, was the essential difference in the paths of Microsoft and Apple, the early leaders in personal computing. Apple, he said, focused on making outstanding products alone, while Microsoft nurtured a growing ecosystem of outside software developers who used and were dependent on Microsoft’s technology. The result, he added, was that, while Apple continued to make outstanding products, more than 90% of personal computers ran on Microsoft software.
In the early years, it was unclear how much Mr. Gates was pursuing each opportunity as it came, as opposed to carrying out a grand strategy. He certainly had large ambitions. When he was a Harvard undergraduate, Mr. Gates lamented (為……遺憾) that so many of his fellow students pursued a "narrow track for success" instead of being willing to "take big risks to do big things". In A Harvard Business School Case Study, published in 1994, Mr. Gates spoke of Microsoft’s strategy in terms of network effects and technology standards which enabled the company to command markets. "We look for businesses where we can garner (取得,獲得) large market shares, not just 30% or 35%,"he said.
In the past, Microsoft has beaten back challenges and vanquished (擊敗) rivals, even when it came late to markets, as it did in the first wave of Internet technology. Mr. Gates’wise 1995 decision to embrace Internet browsing technology and attack the early leader, Netscape Communications, started a pitched antitrust battle (激烈的反壟斷戰(zhàn))with the government. "But he extended Microsoft’s hegemony (霸權(quán)) for a decade,"said Mitchell Kapor, a long-time rival.
However, Microsoft is lagging badly in the current round of Internet competition, and analysts say it is facing more formidable (可怕的,難以克服的) challenges this time —notably Google. Microsoft’s share of Internet search in the United States is less than 10%, while Google holds more than 60% and Yahoo has about 20%. And searching is only part of the new platform on the Web, which includes social networks like Facebook and MySpace and Internet-based alternatives to traditional desktop software, including e-mail messaging, word processors and spreadsheets.
1. According to the passage, Gates has left Microsoft.
2. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is focusing on education and health.
3. Recently, Microsoft programs have been focusing on the Internet.
4. The income of Google has now exceeded that of Microsoft.
5. Undoubtedly, Windows is the most pleasing software for running the basic operations of a personal computer.
6. Today, there are few software applications that run on the Windows platform.
7. Microsoft faced a pitched antitrust battle with the government in 1995.
8. _______________ is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services.
9. Although in the past Microsoft has beaten back challenges and vanquished rivals, it is lagging badly in_____________.
10. __________________ is now the CEO of Microsoft, hoping to overcome the challenges of the Internet.
art III Reading Comprehension
(Reading in Depth)
(25minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
As the price of fuel continues to climb, more drivers are trying to save 20 or so cents a gallon by using 11 or midgrade gasoline, even when their owner’s manuals recommend premium (額外補(bǔ)貼). For gas station managers, fuel suppliers and motorists across the country, the run on the cheaper fuel has 12 to more uncertainty at the pumps (油泵), as some stations have run 13 of the cheaper grades. "Even people with the highend cars are cutting corners and using the cheaper 14 ,"said Dominick Vallera, the manager of a Shell station on Capitol Avenue in Hartford. "It’s got us 15 guessing how much to order."For nearly 48 hours last week, Mr. Vallera had to put yellow bags on pump handles and white signs over the meters for the regular gas pumps because he had run dry. Because the compa-nies that 16 his station are paid by the delivery, Mr. Vallera said, they want to deliver more 17 , so their trucks carry only the amount that has been ordered in 18 , not any extra to top up a station’s 19 tanks. If motorists show up in large numbers and use more than the 20 amount of regular gas, a station may run out before the next delivery, he said.
A) predicted I) out
B) often J) eliminate
C) transmit K) regular
D) supply L) advance
E) led M) constantly
F) absolutely N) direct
G) stuff O) storage
H) vanished
■Section B
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences.
For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The price of oil has risen to more than 120 dollars a barrel. Some experts say the most recent price increase is only the beginning. Experts at the investment bank, Goldman Sachs, have predicted that oil could reach 200 dollars a barrel.
Unrest in oil producing countries has been partly to blame. Last weekend, a rebel group in Nigeria said it had attacked an oil center in Bayelsa state. Nigeria is the 8th biggest oil exporter in the world. Also, Iraq is slowly re-building its oil production ability. Iraq’s industry minister says that the country’s oil production is currently at about 2 million barrels of oil a day. He says that could increase to 5 million barrels of oil a day in two to three years, depending on how much foreign help Iraq receives. The Venezuelan government’s efforts to control its oil industry have in-creased tensions with foreign oil producers. And Russia, the world’s 2nd largest exporter, has also sought to in-crease government control of its energy resources. Nationalization of oil resources often forces out foreign investment that would normally seek to increase supplies.
Another cause of high oil prices is the weak American dollar. Oil is traded in dollars, so a less valuable dollar buys less oil. But experts have noted that the weak dollar alone cannot explain the increase of about 85% in the price of oil over the last year.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) is the world’s largest oil producing group. It says its member nations like Kuwait, Venezuela and Nigeria, not including Iraq, are investing 120 billion dollars in over 100 new oil projects. OPEC says it produces about 45% of the world’s oil exports. In the past, non-OPEC producers like Russia, Mexico and Norway, have increased production to meet demand. But these nations have struggled to keep production at the levels of recent years. Norway’s production, for example, has decreased by 25% since 2001.
The expanding economies of Asia, especially China and India, have increased pressure on world supplies. Meeting demand appears to be harder than ever before.
21. What can we know about OPEC?
A) It is a company that invests money in oil producing countries.
B) It is the world’s largest oil producing group.
C) It is the world’s largest oil producing country.
D) It is a company that exports oil to other countries.
22. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A) Unrest in oil producing countries is one reason for the increase in oil prices.
B) Another cause of high oil prices is the weak American dollar.
C) OPEC says it produces about fifty-four percent of the world’s oil exports.
D) Some non-OPEC producers can’t produce all the oil they need.
23. Which of the following are OPEC member nations?
A) Nigeria, Venezuela and Norway.
B) Nigeria, Venezuela and Russia.
C) Russia, Mexico and Norway.
D) Nigeria, Venezuela and Kuwait.
24. What can we learn from this passage?
A) Some experts say oil prices will go down soon.
B) If Iraq got more help from foreign countries, it would increase its oil production.
C) Now, the same amount of dollars can buy more oil than before.
D) OPEC is not active in dealing with the oil problems.
25. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A) China and India are developed countries in Asia.
B) China and India have increased pressure on the world economy.
C) To meet the oil demand of the whole world appears to be harder than ever before.
D) It is becoming harder and harder for countries to come to an agreement.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
A yearly meeting of all the member countries in the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) was held this week in Geneva, Switzerland. Delegates from 193 countries discussed the progress and set policy for the coming year. The W.H.O., a United Nations’ agency, is 60 years old this year.
But Director-General Margaret Chan, as she opened the World Health Assembly, noted that the delegates were meeting at a time of tragedy. She expressed sympathy to millions of people affected by the recent cyclone in Burma, also known as Myanmar, and the earthquake in China.
Doctor Chan said three crises lie ahead that threat international security and will affect human health. One is food security, another is climate change and the third is the threat of a worldwide outbreak of influenza. She said the world produces enough food to feed everyone —in fact, she added, far too many people are overfed. Yet now, food prices have risen sharply. She noted that the crisis hits the poor the hardest, and that the more a family spends on food, the less it has for health care. The W.H.O. chief said climate change will also hit the poor the hardest but, to a greater or lesser extent, will affect all countries. She said more droughts, floods and storms mean greater demands for humanitarian aid. And, she warned, it will mean a growing number of environmental refugees. And, thirdly, Doctor Chan warned of a continued threat of pandemic influenza. She said it would be very unwise for governments not to prepare. She urged delegates to support a W.H.O. resolution on the sharing of influenza viruses for research and to make vaccines (疫苗) widely available.
The W.H.O. this week also released its "World Health Statistics Report for 2008". Agency officials said fewer people are dying of infectious diseases. In more and more countries, they said, the chief causes of death are conditions such as heart disease and stroke. By 2030, non-communicable conditions are expected to cause more than 3/4 of all deaths. Almost 1/3 of all deaths will result from cancer, heart disease and traffic accidents. The number one cause of preventable deaths is tobacco. More than 8 million tobacco-related deaths are predicted in 2030 —80% of them in developing countries.
26. What do we know about the W.H.O.?
A) There will be a yearly meeting of all the member countries held in Geneva, Switzerland.
B) It is a United Nations’agency.
C) There are 190 member countries in the W.H.O.
D) It is fifty years old this year.
27. Why did Doctor Chan say the delegates were meeting at a time of tragedy?
A) Oil prices are increasing sharply in 2008.
B) Food prices have been going up recently.
C) More people are dying of diseases now than in the past.
D) There have been many natural disasters recently like the cyclone in Burma and the earthquake in China.
28. What are the three crises lying ahead that will affect human health?
A) Food security, heart disease and influenza.
B) Food security, climate change and influenza.
C) Cancer, heart disease and influenza.
D) Cancer, heart disease and climate change.
29. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A) In more and more countries, the chief cause of death is cancer.
B) Almost 1/4 of all deaths will result from cancer, heart disease and traffic accidents.
C) Agency officials said that fewer people are dying of infectious diseases.
D) More than eight million tobacco-related deaths are predicted in 2020.
30. What is the main idea of this passage?
A) Three growing threats the world faces.
B) The continued threat of pandemic influenza.
C) Millions of people affected by the recent cyclone.
D) Non-communicable conditions causing lots of deaths.
Part IV Cloze(15minutes)
Directions:
Part IV Cloze
(15 minutes)
Directions:
There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
Is carbon dioxide the "villain" in the atmosphere? It is not very 31 and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity —only 0.034 % —that it does us no 32 .
What’s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants 33 carbon dioxide as their food, where it then serves 34 the basic component in all food consumed by animals. In the process, plants 35 oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life. Here is what this 36 harmless but actually hazardous gas is doing to us:
The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. 37 , it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the 38 of the next hundred years.
39 , the sea will reach two hundred feet 40 its present level, and will be 41 the windows on the twenti-eth floors of Manhattan’s skyscrapers.
To 42 are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first 43 , then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The burning produces much carbon dioxide.
44 , the Earth’s forests have been 45 , slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now they are disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.
46 , not only is more carbon dioxide being 47 to the atmosphere through the burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being 48 from the atmosphere by plants.
The 49 of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is steadily rising. With the Earth’s average temperature in-creasing, the polar ice caps are beginning to 50 , and the sea level is rising. Who is the "villain"? Carbon dioxide? Perhaps not.
31. A) poisonous B) nutritious C) active D) negative
32. A) goodness B) danger C) harm D) advantage
33. A) find B) use C) practice D) employ
34. A) as B) for C) like D) to
35. A) transmit B) release C) take D) relieve
36. A) definitely B) seemingly C) undoubtedly D) surely
37. A) To begin with B) All in all C) In all likelihood D) In a word
38. A) process B) period C) time D) course
39. A) However B) Eventually C) Clearly D) Obviously
40. A) below B) beneath C) above D) over
41. A) punching B) shaking C) bumping D) splashing
42. A) charge B) accuse C) blame D) reproach
43. A) paperB) cloth C) coal D) plastic
44. A) Secondly B) Firstly C) Meanwhile D) Maybe
45. A) growing B) disappearing C) cutting D) replanting
46. A) ThusB) Furthermore C) Moreover D) Finally
47. A) increased B) reduced C) added D) poured
48. A) brought B) removed C) produced D) created
49. A) construction B) formation C) concentration D) distribution
50. A) thicken B) break C) melt D) strengthen
Part V Translation(5minutes)
Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.
51. It would be wise to ____________________________(冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙的問(wèn)題).
52. When the teacher came upstairs to check on us kids, ____________________________(我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身假裝睡著了).
53. The exhibition is very popular and is ____________________(吸引著源源不斷的參觀者).
54. _______________________ (這個(gè)房間有股霉味). It must have been vacant for a long time.
55. He is a _______________________________(心胸狹窄的男人).
Part I Writing
One possible version:
Plastic Bags: Friend or Foe
On June 1st, 2008, China started to carry on a new policy called "Plastic Bag Restriction Policy "in order to reduce the use of plastic bags in the country. Undoubtedly, there is a heated discussion going on about whether plastic bags should be used or not.
Some people don’t agree with the idea of restricting the use of plastic bags. They believe that plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are provided in both supermarkets and corner stores. These bags do make people’s lives more convenient because shoppers don’t have to bring either bags or baskets when going shopping. They are also very cheap and usually offered free of charge. They are people’s friends.
However, other people stand on the opposite ground. They believe plastic bags lead to serious consequences. The plastic bags some people throw away casually create white pollution in our environment, which is very harmful, as the bags cannot be broken down easily. Therefore, they are foes of the environment.
There is some truth in both arguments. However, I favor the latter side. After all, it might be better for people to use traditional cloth bags to carry goods instead of plastic ones.
Part II
Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning)
1. N。參見(jiàn)第一段第三句話"He will still be Microsoft’s chairman and the largest shareholder ..."可知,他仍然是微軟公司的主席和的股東。
2. Y。參見(jiàn)第三段中"... his foundation, which is focused on global health and education."可知,他們的基金會(huì)主要致力于教育和衛(wèi)生事業(yè)。
3. Y。參見(jiàn)第四段中"The focus of technology has shifted from PCs to the Internet ..."可知,微軟的技術(shù)核心已經(jīng)從個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向了網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
4. NG。從文章第五段中"And Google, the front runner in the current wave of Internet computing, has taken away the title of high-tech leadership from Microsoft."只知道Google在網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域于微軟,但這并不意味著其收入超過(guò)了后者。
5. N。參見(jiàn)第七段中"Industry experts and economists say that Windows is not necessarily the most satisfying software for running the basic operations of a personal computer ..."可知,行業(yè)專家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為"視窗"操作系統(tǒng)不一定是最令人滿意的用于運(yùn)行個(gè)人電腦的軟件。
6. N。參見(jiàn)第十段中"Today, there are many thousands of software applications that run on the Windows platform ..."可知,目前"視窗"操作系統(tǒng)可用來(lái)運(yùn)行大量的應(yīng)用軟件。
7. Y。參見(jiàn)第十三段中"Mr. Gates’wise 1995 decision to embrace Internet browsing technology and attack the early leader, Netscape Communications, started a pitched antitrust battle with the government."可知,微軟公司1995年卷進(jìn)激烈的反壟斷戰(zhàn)。
8. A technology platform。參見(jiàn)第九段中"A technology platform is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services."可知,一項(xiàng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)是人們可以以此為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)打造自己的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的一套工具或服務(wù)。
9. the current round of Internet competition。參見(jiàn)第十四段中"... Microsoft is lagging badly in the current round of Internet competition ..."可知,微軟在目前的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地落后了。
10. Steven A. Ballmer。參見(jiàn)第六段中"... Steven A. Ballmer, the chief executive, to overcome the challenges of the Internet ...",可知,Steven A. Ballmer是微軟的繼任首席執(zhí)行官。
Part III
Reading Comprehension
(Reading in Depth)
Section A
11. K)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講到由于油價(jià)持續(xù)攀升,許多司機(jī)就選用常規(guī)的或中等價(jià)位的石油以節(jié)省開(kāi)支。故選K)。
12. E)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講的是由于前面提到的油價(jià)攀升的原因,許多人選用更加便宜的燃料,這就導(dǎo)致了更多的不確定因素, "導(dǎo)致"用短語(yǔ)"lead to"。故選E)。
13. I)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處講導(dǎo)致不確定因素的具體原因是加油站用完了廉價(jià)油,"run out of"意為"用完,用光"。故選I)。
14. G)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講甚至一些高檔汽車(chē)用戶也抄近道和使用更加便宜的材料,這里的材料同樣指的是石油。故選G)。
15. M)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處講用戶時(shí)不時(shí)使用廉價(jià)油導(dǎo)致加油站經(jīng)常要猜測(cè)需要訂購(gòu)多少油。故選M)。
16. D)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講加油站是按供應(yīng)商的運(yùn)油次數(shù)來(lái)付款的,所以需要一個(gè)意思為"提供"的詞語(yǔ)。故選D)。
17. B)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。根據(jù)前后邏輯關(guān)系,此處想要表達(dá)的是由于加油站是按供應(yīng)商的運(yùn)油次數(shù)來(lái)付款的,所以供應(yīng)商想要增加運(yùn)送的次數(shù)。故選B)。
18. L)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。根據(jù)上下文,此處講供應(yīng)商想增加運(yùn)送業(yè)務(wù)的次數(shù),因此運(yùn)油車(chē)只運(yùn)送提前預(yù)訂好的油量,"提前"用"in advance"。故選L)。
19. O)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講給加油站運(yùn)的油是提前預(yù)訂好的,不運(yùn)送超出加油站儲(chǔ)油罐的多余的油。此處"storage"是名詞作"tanks"的定語(yǔ)。故選O)。
20. A)。此處需要一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。此處講如果駕駛員超過(guò)預(yù)期大量地加常規(guī)油,那么在下一次供應(yīng)商把油運(yùn)來(lái)之前,加油站的油可能就已經(jīng)被用戶加光了。故選A)?！ ?BR> Section B
Passage One
21. B)。OPEC是"The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries"的縮寫(xiě),根據(jù)文中"The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is the world’s largest oil producing group."一句可以得出答案為B)。
22. D)。參見(jiàn)第四段可知,過(guò)去幾年非OPEC石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)如俄羅斯、墨西哥和挪威通過(guò)提高石油產(chǎn)量滿足了石油需求,但是最近幾年,這些國(guó)家的石油產(chǎn)量很難再滿足需求了。故選D)。
23. D)。參見(jiàn)第四段中"It says its member nations like Kuwait, Venezuela and Nigeria ..."以及"In the past, non-OPEC producers like Russia, Mexico and Norway ..."可知, OPEC成員國(guó)有科威特、委內(nèi)瑞拉、尼日利亞,而俄羅斯、墨西哥和挪威是非OPEC石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)。故選D)。
24. B)。由第一段可知,一些專家說(shuō)最近石油價(jià)格的上漲只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始。由第二段可知,對(duì)于伊拉克來(lái)說(shuō),在未來(lái)的二到三年內(nèi)石油產(chǎn)量能增至500萬(wàn)桶/天,這取決于伊拉克獲得國(guó)外援助的多少。由第三段可知,疲軟的美元只能買(mǎi)到更少的石油。由第四段可知,OPEC正在投資興建石油新項(xiàng)目,所以它是積極的。由以上信息可推斷出B)為正確選項(xiàng)。
25. C)。最后一段的意思是:以中國(guó)和印度為首的亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)增大了世界供給的壓力,滿足世界石油需求變得前所未有的困難。故選C)。
Passage Two
26. B)。參見(jiàn)第一段可知,本周世界衛(wèi)生組織成員國(guó)在瑞士的日內(nèi)瓦舉行了年度會(huì)議。來(lái)自193個(gè)國(guó)家的代表討論了明年的發(fā)展計(jì)劃并制定政策。世界衛(wèi)生組織是聯(lián)合國(guó)的一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu),今年已經(jīng)60歲了。故選B)。
27. D)。參見(jiàn)第二段可知,總干事Margaret Chan在召開(kāi)世界衛(wèi)生組織大會(huì)時(shí)指出,代表們與會(huì)的時(shí)刻是一個(gè)悲劇性時(shí)刻。她向數(shù)百萬(wàn)受緬甸颶風(fēng)和中國(guó)地震影響的民眾表示了同情。故選D)。
28. B)。參見(jiàn)第三段可知,Doctor Chan說(shuō)當(dāng)前有三大危機(jī),它們對(duì)國(guó)際安全產(chǎn)生威脅并將影響人類(lèi)的健康。它們分別是:食品安全問(wèn)題、氣候變化以及流行性感冒。故選B)。
29. C)。參見(jiàn)最后一段可知,世界衛(wèi)生組織官員表示死于傳染性疾病的人數(shù)在減少。在越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家里,死亡的主要原因是諸如心臟病、中風(fēng)等疾病。到2030年非傳染性疾病死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)超過(guò)總死亡人數(shù)的3/4,幾乎1/3的死亡者死于癌癥、心臟病和車(chē)禍。到2030年預(yù)計(jì)有超過(guò)八百萬(wàn)人死于吸煙引發(fā)的疾病——其中80% 來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家。故選C)。
30. A)?？v觀全文可知,本文主要講當(dāng)前有三大危機(jī),分別是食品安全問(wèn)題、氣候變化以及流行性感冒,它們對(duì)國(guó)際安全產(chǎn)生威脅并將影響人類(lèi)的健康。其他部分都是由這些引起的。故選A)。
Part IV Cloze
31. A)。根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭第一句可知此處是在討論二氧化碳是好是壞,結(jié)合后文"and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity —only 0.034 % ..."可以推斷此空應(yīng)該填"poisonous"。故選A)。
32. C)。文章前面提到"It is not very poisonous"和"only 0.034 %", 可判斷出應(yīng)該是指二氧化碳不會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)有害, 因此,用到固定搭配"do sb no harm"。故選C)。
33. B)。此處意思是植物把二氧化碳當(dāng)作食物。"use ... as ..."意為"當(dāng)作"。故選B)。
34. A)?？疾楣潭ù钆?serve as",意為"充當(dāng),作為"。故選A)。
35. B)。依據(jù)常識(shí),植物吸收二氧化碳,釋放氧氣,所以,應(yīng)選"release",表"釋放,放出"之意。故選B)。
36. B)。根據(jù)上下文推斷二氧化碳不是對(duì)人類(lèi)完全無(wú)害,因此此處應(yīng)選"seemingly"意為"表面上看"。故選B)。
37. C)。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,此處應(yīng)選一個(gè)連接副詞或副詞性短語(yǔ)；從意思上看應(yīng)表"可能性",所以,應(yīng)選"In all likelihood"表"極有可能"之意。故選C)。
38. D)?？疾楣潭ù钆?in the course of"意為"在……期間"。故選D)。
39. B)。從上下文看,此處所填詞應(yīng)表結(jié)果,所以選擇"Eventually",表"最后,最終"。故選B)。
40. C)。依據(jù)上下文,海水將會(huì)漲得超過(guò)目前的水平線,"above"表"超過(guò),高于"。故選C)。
41. D)。依據(jù)上下文,海水將會(huì)漲得超過(guò)目前的水平線,達(dá)到曼哈頓摩天大廈第二十層窗戶的高度,splashing against 是形容水沖刷窗戶發(fā)出的嘩啦、嘩啦的聲音。故選D)。
42. C)。考查固定搭配"(be) to blame"意為"對(duì)某件壞事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任"。故選C)。
43. C)。依據(jù)下文"... then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate."可推斷出應(yīng)選一種燃料。故選C)。
44. A)。上文提到造成海平面上漲有兩大原因,第一個(gè)原因是人類(lèi)燃燒各種燃料導(dǎo)致的。本段講的是第二個(gè)原因,因此選"Secondly"。故選A)。
45. B)。依據(jù)下文"Right now they are disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute."。故選B)。
46. A)。依據(jù)上文"... then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate.",此處應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系。故選A)。
47. C)。同樣依據(jù)上文"... then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate.",此處應(yīng)選"added"意為"增加到,添加到"。故選C)。
48. B)。依據(jù)常識(shí),樹(shù)木的減少將導(dǎo)致更少的二氧化碳被植物清除或消除。故選B)。
49. C)。此處意為空氣中的二氧化碳含量增多,應(yīng)選"concentration"意為"含量,濃度"。故選C)。
50. C)。依據(jù)常識(shí),地球平均氣溫上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致極地冰蓋融化。"melt"意為"融化"。故選C)。
Part V Translation
51. handle this delicate problem with calm and patience
52. I turned over and pretended to be asleep
53. attracting a steady stream of visitors
54. The room smells of stale air
55. narrow-minded man