Steady Development for Mutual Benefits and Win-win Outcomes
尊敬的桑普森副部長、胡德平會長、格林伯格主席、尼爾先生，
Honorable Deputy Secretary Sampson, Chairman Hu Deping, President Cunningham, Mr. Neil,
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
很高興參加今天的研討會。首先，向在座的各位新老朋友，向關心、支持中美經貿關系發(fā)展的各界人士，致以誠摯的問候和良好的祝愿！
It is my great pleasure to attend today's seminar. Let me first of all extend my sincere greetings and best regards to all the old and new friends sitting in this room, and to those who care about and support the development of China-US economic and trade ties.
中美關系研討會是美國前總統布什先生發(fā)起的，也是中美關系規(guī)模、層次的雙邊研討會之一。我相信，通過中美關系研討會，必將增進雙方之間的相互溝通和理解，進一步促進中美關系和中美經貿關系的發(fā)展。
Initiated by former US President Bush Senior, the Seminar on China-US Relations is one of the biggest and highest-level bilateral conferences in the history of China-US relationship. I am convinced the Seminar will surely enhance communication and mutual understanding between the two sides and facilitate the further development of bilateral ties with economic and trade links as a part and parcel.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and gentlemen:
中美經貿關系是中美關系的重要基礎，發(fā)展經貿合作是雙邊關系的重要支撐，對中美兩國都非常重要。胡錦濤主席、溫家寶總理都曾訪問美國，布什總統也曾訪問中國，今年9月，胡錦濤主席剛剛在紐約會晤了布什總統，布什總統又即將訪問中國。兩國領導人都高度重視中美關系的發(fā)展，大力推動雙邊經貿合作。
Economic and trade relations are the important basis of the China-US relationship. The development of commercial cooperation serves as a pillar bolstering this bilateral relationship. Hence it is of great significance to both countries. Both President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao have paid visits to the US and President Bush to China. In September this year, President Hu Jintao met with President Bush, who is coming to China again. Both leaderships direct great attention to the development of the bilateral relationship and are actively pushing forward bilateral trade and economic cooperation.
美國是世界上的發(fā)達國家，中國是世界上的發(fā)展中國家，中美經貿關系是世界上最重要的雙邊經貿關系之一。中美建交26年來，雙邊貿易和投資迅速發(fā)展，合作內容已從單一的商品貿易擴展到經濟的各個領域。中美貿易額從建交時的25億美元，增長到2004年的1696.2億美元。截止到2004年底，美國對華投資項目累計4.5萬個，實際投資金額480億美元。按照中方統計，中美雙邊貿易額近兩年實現了20%以上的增長,今年1至10月，中美貿易達到1723.1億美元，增長26.2%。目前，美國是中國第2大貿易伙伴，中國是美國第3大貿易伙伴。近幾年，美國出口增長最快的市場在中國，2001年中國為美國第9大出口市場，2004年已成長為美第5大出口市場，今年1至8月，美國對華出口額首次超過英國，中國成為美國第4大出口市場。
The US is the biggest developed country and China the biggest developing country. Our economic and trade relationship carries the most weight in the world. Since 26 years ago when the two countries forged diplomatic ties, bilateral trade and investment have been expanding quickly from the original single mode of commodity trade to cooperation in virtually all commercial areas. China-US trade volume jumped from 2.5 billion USD in the year of establishing diplomatic relationship to 169.62 billion USD in 2004. By the end of 2004, there had been 45,000 US-invested projects in China with real US input of 48 billion USD. According to China's statistics, bilateral trade witnessed 20% strong growth over the past two years. In the first ten months of this year, China-US trade amounted to 172.31 billion USD, up by 26.2%. The US is now China's second largest trading partner while China the third largest to the US. For the past few years, China has been the fast growing export market of the US. In 2001 China was the 9th largest export market of the US and the 5th in 2004. US exports to China between January and August this year exceeded for the first time those from Britain, making China the 4th largest export market of the US.
互利雙贏是中美經貿合作的顯著特征。中美兩國經濟具有很強的互補性，加強雙邊經貿合作，有利于兩國經濟發(fā)展，可以為兩國人民帶來實實在在的好處。長期以來，中國向美國出口商品，既促進了中國的發(fā)展，也滿足了美國市場的需要，還節(jié)省了美國民眾的開支。摩根斯坦利的報告顯示，過去十年，中國質優(yōu)價廉的產品使美國消費者節(jié)省了6000多億美元，2004年就節(jié)省了近1000億美元。僅童裝一項，1998年至2003年，美國年輕父母因購買中國貨而節(jié)省了4億美元。同時，美國公司還在與中國的貿易中，賺取了可觀的利潤，2004年就達到600億美元，并為美國創(chuàng)造了400至800萬個工作崗位。另一方面，中國從美國的進口也為雙方帶來了明顯的利益。中國每年從美國進口大量小麥、大豆、柑橘等農產品和飛機、化肥、機電設備等，既為美國經濟發(fā)展和解決就業(yè)提供了有力支撐，也滿足了中國生產生活所需。
Mutual benefits and win-win outcomes are the distinct features of China-US economic and trade cooperation. The strong complementarity between the Chinese and US economy means that enhancing bilateral commercial cooperation is conducive to the development of the two economies, and will deliver tangible benefits to the two peoples. For a long time, Chinese exports to the US have promoted China's development on the one hand, and on the other satisfied the US market demand, and saved money of the ordinary US people. A report from Morgan Stanley shows that in the past decade, the high-quality and low-cost Chinese products have helped US consumers save over 600 billion USD, 100 billion USD in the year 2004 alone. Take children's wear for example, from 1998 to 2003, young couples in the US saved 400 million USD from buying Chinese products. At the same time, US companies also reaped handsome profit in their trade with China, which registered 60 billion USD in 2004. Also as a result of this, 4 to 8 million jobs were created for US workers. Moreover, China's import from the US has also generated noticeable returns for the two sides. Every year China imports a big quantity of wheat, soybeans, oranges and other agricultural produce, as well as aircraft, fertilizers and machinery and equipment. China's imports from the US have not only strongly boosted US economic growth and employment, but also satisfied Chinese needs in production and consumption.
美國企業(yè)在華投資也回報豐厚。美國在華投資涉及工業(yè)制造、電信、銀行、保險、運輸、科技、服裝、農業(yè)、餐飲等眾多領域。據中方統計，2004年美國在華投資企業(yè)在中國市場銷售了750億美元商品，另有同等規(guī)模的商品出口到中國以外的市場。最近，中國美國商會發(fā)表了《美國企業(yè)在中國》白皮書，對會員企業(yè)的調查顯示，93%的企業(yè)認為，中國的經濟改革改善了美國公司的商業(yè)環(huán)境，92%的企業(yè)表示他們在中國的商業(yè)前景至少五年內是"樂觀的"或"謹慎樂觀的"，86%的企業(yè)收益提高，68%的企業(yè)盈利或盈利很高，42%的企業(yè)在中國的利潤率高于全球利潤率。白皮書認為，美國企業(yè)"對中國的商業(yè)環(huán)境具有強烈的信心，并渴望通過建設性對話解決商業(yè)問題"。這充分說明美國對華投資不僅促進了中國經濟的發(fā)展，也為美國企業(yè)提供了空前的機遇。
US companies are also generously rewarded in their investment in China. Their investment covers such areas as industrial manufacturing, telecommunication, banking, insurance, transportation, science and technology, garment making, agriculture, and catering. According to China's statistics, in 2004 US-invested companies sold 75 billion USD of products in the Chinese market, and a similar worth of products to third markets. Recently, AmCham China released its White Paper titled US Companies in China. A survey among AmCham member companies indicates that 93% of the respondent companies believe China's economic reforms have improved the climate for US business, 92% are "optimistic" or "cautiously optimistic" about their five-year business outlook in China; 86% report higher revenues and 68% report profitable or very profitable performances; and 42% report China profit margins greater than their worldwide margins. The White Paper concludes that US companies indicate "strong confidence in China's business environment and are eager for constructive dialogue on resolving business challenges". It fully shows that US investment in China has not only promoted China's economic development, but also offered more opportunities than ever to the US companies themselves.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and gentlemen:
經過20多年的努力，中美兩國在貿易、投資、金融等領域平等互利的交流與合作達到了相當高的水平。由于雙邊貿易發(fā)展快，規(guī)模大，中美兩國貿易中出現一些問題和摩擦是正常的,其中既有我方關注的紡織品貿易、出口管制、市場經濟地位等問題，也有美方關注的貿易逆差、知識產權保護、農產品檢驗檢疫等問題。對待這些問題，我們認為，雙方都要有高瞻遠矚的戰(zhàn)略眼光，從中美經貿發(fā)展大局出發(fā)，通過平等磋商和擴大合作加以解決。我現在主要介紹兩個問題。
Over two decades of efforts have resulted in an impressively high level of equitable and mutually beneficial communication and cooperation between China and the US in trade, investment, finance and other fields. In the fast-growing and large-scaled bilateral trade, problems and frictions are commonplace, which include, among others, Chinese concerns over the textile trade, export control, and market economy status, and US concerns about the trade deficit, IPR protection, and agricultural product inspection and quarantine. We believe, to solve these problems, the two sides need to resort to consultation and intensified cooperation on an equal footing, bearing in mind the overall interests of bilateral economic and trade development with great foresight and a strategic vision. Here I would like to briefly touch upon two major issues.
中美貿易不平衡問題。中美貿易中，美方確實存在逆差。造成美方逆差的原因很多、也很復雜，主要是貿易結構、貿易轉移的問題，以及統計方式不同和美國對華出口管制的問題。近年來，美國對華貿易逆差的增長很大程度上是因為美國對日本、韓國、東南亞的貿易逆差轉移到了中國，是國際產業(yè)分工調整的結果。美國進口產品的90%是已不在本土生產的產品，這種供求關系決定了美國即使不從中國進口，也要從其他地方進口。過去美國通過貨物貿易直接向中國出口產品，現在是既通過逐年增長的對華出口，也通過在華投資生產并內銷、不斷提高在中國市場的份額，而這些不能直接在貿易數字上體現出來。中方一直重視解決中美貿易不平衡問題，多年來以誠意做出了極大努力。2004年中國從全球進口的農產品為280億美元，其中從美國進口77億美元，遠遠高于從歐盟進口的15億美元。近年中國曾多次派出赴美經貿促進團組增加從美國進口。
First, the issue of China-US trade imbalance. The US does run a trade deficit with China. There are many complicated reasons for this deficit, mostly in trade structure, trade diversion, statistical differences, and US export control against China. In the past few years, the US trade deficit with China was, to a large extent, a result of its deficits shifted from Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries to China. It reflects a global industry shift and a new pattern in the division of labor. 90% of US imports are no long domestically produced. This supply and demand relationship means that even if the US stopped buying from China, it would have to import from elsewhere. The US used to directly export to China through trade in goods. The situation now is that it not only exports more to China every year, but also invests, produces and sells within China gaining an expanding market share in the country. This change is not directly reflected in the trade figures. Over the years, China has always placed high importance on and made tremendous efforts in addressing the China-US trade imbalance showing its utmost sincerity. In 2004, China imported 28 billion USD of agricultural products worldwide, out of which 7.7 billion USD were from the US, much higher than the EU figure of 1.5 billion USD. The past few years also witnessed a big number of trade promotion missions China organized to the US for the purpose of importing more from the country.
擴大美國對華出口，單靠中方努力還不夠，美方也要拿出誠意和實際行動。美國高新技術產業(yè)發(fā)達，其中許多產品都是中國經濟發(fā)展所需要的，但是由于美國長期實行出口管制，造成美高技術企業(yè)失去了大量對華出口機會，使中國只能從其他市場進口。比如2004年，中國從歐盟進口技術55億美元，增長63.3%，而從美國進口技術29億美元，下降10.6%。美國拒絕批準向中國出口核電技術設備和衛(wèi)星等高科技產品，導致美國至少喪失了250億美元的對華出口。如果美國政府放寬對華出口管制，就可有效促進對華出口，推動中美經貿合作上一個臺階。
It simply won't work if we only rely on Chinese efforts in order to expand US exports to China. Sincerity and concrete steps must happen at the other end as well. The US boasts a developed high-tech industry and a lot of products badly needed in China's economic development. However, the US export control policy staying there for such a long time has cost the US high-tech industry countless export opportunities to China. As a result, China had to go to other suppliers. Take 2004 for example, China imported 5.5 billion USD of high technologies from the EU, an increase of 63.3%, while on the US side, technology import was only 2.9 billion USD, a decline of 10.6%. Refusing to export nuclear-power technology and equipment, satellite and other high-tech products cost the US at least 25 billion USD of exports to China. If the US administration relaxes its export control against China, its exports to China will be effectively boosted and China-US economic and trade cooperation will be lifted onto a higher level.
關于保護知識產權問題。保護知識產權，維護知識產權權利人利益，不僅是樹立國際信用、開展國際合作的需要，更是中國完善市場經濟體制、促進自身科技和經濟發(fā)展的需要。中國政府是負責任的政府，在保護知識產權這件事情上，我們的決心是堅定的，態(tài)度是鮮明的，行動是有力的，也取得了巨大進展。從去年11月到今年10月17日，公安機關立案偵辦涉及知識產權的各類案件2268起，抓獲4080人，涉案總價值近16億人民幣。2004年4月，陳定中因非法印刷"耐克"等商標被浙江省法院判處三年有期徒刑；今年8月破獲陳勁松等人非法復制油畫案；上海市公安局偵破了假冒"妮維雅"等化妝品商標案。此外，為加強與美方的溝通，中方已決定在我駐美使館經商處派駐知識產權專家。
Second, IPR protection. Protecting intellectual property right and safeguarding the interests of right holders are not only a prerequisite for China to establish its creditability globally in conducting international cooperation, but also a call to its endeavor of improving the market economic system and promoting the advancement of science and technology and economic development. With a strong sense of responsibility, the Chinese government carries firm determination, clear-cut attitude and effective actions to protect intellectual property right. Our achievements are also encouraging. From last November to this October 17, public security authorities have processed 2,268 IPR-related cases. 4,080 offenders were detained. The total value involved was 1.6 billion RMB yuan. In April 2004, a man named Chen Dingzhong was sentenced to 3 years in prison by Zhejiang Provincial Court for unauthorized printing of such trademarks as Nike. This August, Chen Jinsong's case involving the unauthorized duplication of paintings was closed. Shanghai Public Security Bureau settled the fake Nivea trademark case. In addition, to strengthen communication with the US, China has decided to send an IPR expert to the Economic and Commercial Counselor's Office of the Chinese Embassy in the US.
應當指出的是，任何國家知識產權制度的建立完善，知識產權保護意識的提高，都是一個逐步發(fā)展的過程。中國要短時間內建立發(fā)達國家上百年才發(fā)展起來的比較完善的知識產權制度，任務是相當艱巨的。目前中國在知識產權保護方面還存在著一些問題，但這些問題正在受到重視并不斷得到解決。同時，知識產權保護也是一個世界性問題，需要各方通力合作。他山之石，可以攻玉。我們愿意借鑒其他國家的成功經驗，共同促進技術的進步和經濟的發(fā)展。我希望美國朋友消除疑慮，對中國知識產權保護的進展和未來前景建立信心。
It's worth pointing out that every country needs to go through a process in establishing and improving its IPR protection system and in raising the public awareness of IPR protection. It was such a demanding task for China to spend only several years setting up an IPR protection system that took developed countries over a century. At present, China still has some problems in the area of IPR protection. However, they have been given attention to and are being solved step by step. Meanwhile, we must acknowledge that IPR protection is a universal problem, and to solve it concerted efforts from all parties are needed. The jade from this mountain may be polished by stones from others. We are willing to draw successful experience from other countries to jointly promote technological advancement and economic development. I hope our US friends can clear up your doubts and worries and be confident about the developments and future prospects of IPR protection in China.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and gentlemen:
在經濟全球化和貿易自由化迅速發(fā)展的時期，中國市場不斷向世界開放，中國認真履行了加入WTO時的承諾，關稅總水平從2001年的15.3％下降到2005年的9.9％；中國服務業(yè)的開放程度到2004年已經達到62％，僅比發(fā)達國家平均水平低5個百分點。但是近期美國對華貿易保護主義措施卻明顯增多，使中國產品受到了不公正的待遇，使中國企業(yè)對中國加入WTO后的國際貿易環(huán)境產生了疑惑。在紡織品貿易上，美國頻繁對中國紡織品設限，影響了兩國紡織品貿易的正常、有序發(fā)展。今天，我們高興地看到，經過七輪磋商，中美最終就紡織品問題達成了協議。紡織品問題的解決符合中美兩國企業(yè)的共同利益，有利于推動雙邊經貿關系的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。我們希望中美雙方從兩國關系大局出發(fā)，本著"發(fā)展、平等、互利"的原則，通過合作與對話妥善解決存在的分歧。我希望在座的各位能發(fā)揮個人的影響力，阻止貿易保護主義蔓延，為中美經貿關系的健康發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境。
In this era of rapid economic globalization and trade liberalization, the Chinese market is more and more open to the world. China has been earnestly fulfilling its WTO commitments. Our general tariff level was lowered from 15.3% in 2001 to 9.9% in 2005. China's service sector liberalization reached a degree of 62% in 2004, only 5 percentage points lower than the average of developed countries. Recently, trade protectionist measures by the US have been clearly on the rise, bringing unfair treatment to Chinese products, and rendering Chinese companies dubious about the international trade environment after China's WTO accession. The US frequent imposition of restrictions on Chinese textiles has disrupted the normal and orderly growth of our bilateral trade in textiles. Today, we're delighted that after seven rounds of negotiations, China and the US finally reached an agreement on textiles. Putting the textile issue behind us is in the common interest of Chinese and US companies and conducive to smooth development of our bilateral trade and economic relationship. We hope China and the US will properly bridge existing differences through dialogues and cooperation by proceeding from the general picture of our bilateral relations and in the principles of "development, equality and mutual benefits". And I hope everyone here will use your personal influence to the effect of containing trade protectionism and creating a favorable environment for the healthy development of Sino-US trade and economic relations.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
展望未來，我們對中美經貿合作的廣闊前景充滿信心。中國經濟的快速發(fā)展和市場的不斷開放為美國企業(yè)提供了前所未有的機遇。
Looking into the future, we're confident about the broad prospects of Sino-US trade and economic cooperation. The fast-growing economy and ever-opening market of China are presenting more opportunities to US companies than ever before.
中國正在成為世界上成長最快的巨大市場。2004年，中國GDP總規(guī)模超過1.6萬億美元，人均GDP達到1200多美元，國內市場銷售了2萬億美元以上的生產資料和生活資料。最近，我們提出要在"十一五"時期，實現2010年人均GDP比2000年翻一番。根據國際經驗，人均GDP達到1000美元以后，消費率和消費結構將出現較大調整。中國將進入消費率迅速提升、居民消費高速增長的階段，國內消費需求有著巨大的增長潛力。在基礎設施投資方面，根據中國政府的規(guī)劃，到2010年，公路總里程要達到210萬至230萬公里，高速公路總里程達到5萬公里，中國的能源、城鄉(xiāng)基礎設施建設將會有巨大的發(fā)展。很多美國朋友都認識到，發(fā)展和繁榮的中國對世界和美國是有好處的。
China is emerging as a huge and the fastest-growing market in the world. In 2004, China created a total GDP of 1.6 trillion USD and a per capita GDP of 1200 USD. Over 2 trillion USD worth of production materials and consumer goods were sold in its domestic market. Most recently, we set a target to quadruple our per capita GDP for 2010 on the basis of 2000 during the "11th five -year period". In global experience, once the per capita GDP figure reaches 1000 USD, relatively noticeable adjustments will happen to the spending rate and consumer spending structure. By this rule, China will enter a phase featuring rapid growth of spending rate and consumer spending as well as big potential of the increase in domestic consumer demand. In the area of infrastructure investment, the Chinese government has the plan of extending its total length of roads to 2.1 to 2.3 million kilometers by the year 2010 and expressways to 50,000 kilometers. Enormous developments will take place in China's energy sector and urban and rural infrastructure building. Many our US friends have realized that a growing and thriving China benefits the US and the world at large.
美國和歐盟的有關經濟學家多次指出，中國的市場在發(fā)展中國家和轉型經濟國家中是最開放的。2005年1-10月，中國進出口貿易額為11486億美元，全年預計將接近14000億美元。中國已經連續(xù)12年是世界上利用外資最多的國家之一。隨著中國經濟的發(fā)展，中國進口增長迅速。多年來，中國一直是美國棉花、大豆的進口國?？傊?，中國將以更加積極的姿態(tài)全面提高對外開放水平，進一步發(fā)展與世界各國的經貿合作。一個擁有13億人口、經濟快速穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的中國孕育著無限商機，將為包括美國在內的眾多合作伙伴提供潛力巨大的市場和更多的合作機會。
Economists from the US and EU have also pointed out on many occasions that China has the most open market among all developing countries and economies in transition. China's trade volume for the first ten months of this year is 1.1486 trillion USD, which is expected to reach 1.4 trillion at the yearend. It is already one of the top FDI recipients in the world for 12 consecutive years. Along with China's economic growth are the rapid increases in its imports. For many years, China has remained the top importer of US cotton and soybeans. So, in this light, China will fully increase its openness and be more active in developing further trade and economic ties with other countries in the world. China, with a 1.3-billion population and fast and steadily growing economy, offers boundless business opportunities. It will open huge market potential and greater partnership opportunities to our friends, including those from the US.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
2003年10月，溫家寶總理訪美，同布什總統就處理中美經貿關系達成了五項共識。中美商貿聯委會是促進中美經貿合作，維護雙邊經貿關系健康發(fā)展的重要機制。今年7月份召開的第16屆中美商貿聯委會取得了積極進展，解決了許多長期以來雙方關注的問題。我希望中美各界抓住時代的機遇和市場的機會，以更加積極的姿態(tài)開展互利合作，實現共贏，為中美兩國經貿合作、促進兩國共同發(fā)展做出更大貢獻。
謝謝
In October 2003, on his visit to the US, Premier Wen Jiabao reached five consensuses with President Bush on how to handle the Sino-US economic and trade relationship. The JCCT is an important mechanism for promoting Sino-US trade and economic cooperation and ensuring healthy development of this relationship. Positive progress has been recorded at the 16th JCCT in July 2005 where many outstanding issues of common concern were resolved. I hope both China and the US will seize the opportunities of the times and the opportunities in the market, be more actively engaged in reciprocal cooperation for win-win outcomes, and make positive contributions to Sino-US trade and economic cooperation and to our common development.
Thank you.
尊敬的桑普森副部長、胡德平會長、格林伯格主席、尼爾先生，
Honorable Deputy Secretary Sampson, Chairman Hu Deping, President Cunningham, Mr. Neil,
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
很高興參加今天的研討會。首先，向在座的各位新老朋友，向關心、支持中美經貿關系發(fā)展的各界人士，致以誠摯的問候和良好的祝愿！
It is my great pleasure to attend today's seminar. Let me first of all extend my sincere greetings and best regards to all the old and new friends sitting in this room, and to those who care about and support the development of China-US economic and trade ties.
中美關系研討會是美國前總統布什先生發(fā)起的，也是中美關系規(guī)模、層次的雙邊研討會之一。我相信，通過中美關系研討會，必將增進雙方之間的相互溝通和理解，進一步促進中美關系和中美經貿關系的發(fā)展。
Initiated by former US President Bush Senior, the Seminar on China-US Relations is one of the biggest and highest-level bilateral conferences in the history of China-US relationship. I am convinced the Seminar will surely enhance communication and mutual understanding between the two sides and facilitate the further development of bilateral ties with economic and trade links as a part and parcel.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and gentlemen:
中美經貿關系是中美關系的重要基礎，發(fā)展經貿合作是雙邊關系的重要支撐，對中美兩國都非常重要。胡錦濤主席、溫家寶總理都曾訪問美國，布什總統也曾訪問中國，今年9月，胡錦濤主席剛剛在紐約會晤了布什總統，布什總統又即將訪問中國。兩國領導人都高度重視中美關系的發(fā)展，大力推動雙邊經貿合作。
Economic and trade relations are the important basis of the China-US relationship. The development of commercial cooperation serves as a pillar bolstering this bilateral relationship. Hence it is of great significance to both countries. Both President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao have paid visits to the US and President Bush to China. In September this year, President Hu Jintao met with President Bush, who is coming to China again. Both leaderships direct great attention to the development of the bilateral relationship and are actively pushing forward bilateral trade and economic cooperation.
美國是世界上的發(fā)達國家，中國是世界上的發(fā)展中國家，中美經貿關系是世界上最重要的雙邊經貿關系之一。中美建交26年來，雙邊貿易和投資迅速發(fā)展，合作內容已從單一的商品貿易擴展到經濟的各個領域。中美貿易額從建交時的25億美元，增長到2004年的1696.2億美元。截止到2004年底，美國對華投資項目累計4.5萬個，實際投資金額480億美元。按照中方統計，中美雙邊貿易額近兩年實現了20%以上的增長,今年1至10月，中美貿易達到1723.1億美元，增長26.2%。目前，美國是中國第2大貿易伙伴，中國是美國第3大貿易伙伴。近幾年，美國出口增長最快的市場在中國，2001年中國為美國第9大出口市場，2004年已成長為美第5大出口市場，今年1至8月，美國對華出口額首次超過英國，中國成為美國第4大出口市場。
The US is the biggest developed country and China the biggest developing country. Our economic and trade relationship carries the most weight in the world. Since 26 years ago when the two countries forged diplomatic ties, bilateral trade and investment have been expanding quickly from the original single mode of commodity trade to cooperation in virtually all commercial areas. China-US trade volume jumped from 2.5 billion USD in the year of establishing diplomatic relationship to 169.62 billion USD in 2004. By the end of 2004, there had been 45,000 US-invested projects in China with real US input of 48 billion USD. According to China's statistics, bilateral trade witnessed 20% strong growth over the past two years. In the first ten months of this year, China-US trade amounted to 172.31 billion USD, up by 26.2%. The US is now China's second largest trading partner while China the third largest to the US. For the past few years, China has been the fast growing export market of the US. In 2001 China was the 9th largest export market of the US and the 5th in 2004. US exports to China between January and August this year exceeded for the first time those from Britain, making China the 4th largest export market of the US.
互利雙贏是中美經貿合作的顯著特征。中美兩國經濟具有很強的互補性，加強雙邊經貿合作，有利于兩國經濟發(fā)展，可以為兩國人民帶來實實在在的好處。長期以來，中國向美國出口商品，既促進了中國的發(fā)展，也滿足了美國市場的需要，還節(jié)省了美國民眾的開支。摩根斯坦利的報告顯示，過去十年，中國質優(yōu)價廉的產品使美國消費者節(jié)省了6000多億美元，2004年就節(jié)省了近1000億美元。僅童裝一項，1998年至2003年，美國年輕父母因購買中國貨而節(jié)省了4億美元。同時，美國公司還在與中國的貿易中，賺取了可觀的利潤，2004年就達到600億美元，并為美國創(chuàng)造了400至800萬個工作崗位。另一方面，中國從美國的進口也為雙方帶來了明顯的利益。中國每年從美國進口大量小麥、大豆、柑橘等農產品和飛機、化肥、機電設備等，既為美國經濟發(fā)展和解決就業(yè)提供了有力支撐，也滿足了中國生產生活所需。
Mutual benefits and win-win outcomes are the distinct features of China-US economic and trade cooperation. The strong complementarity between the Chinese and US economy means that enhancing bilateral commercial cooperation is conducive to the development of the two economies, and will deliver tangible benefits to the two peoples. For a long time, Chinese exports to the US have promoted China's development on the one hand, and on the other satisfied the US market demand, and saved money of the ordinary US people. A report from Morgan Stanley shows that in the past decade, the high-quality and low-cost Chinese products have helped US consumers save over 600 billion USD, 100 billion USD in the year 2004 alone. Take children's wear for example, from 1998 to 2003, young couples in the US saved 400 million USD from buying Chinese products. At the same time, US companies also reaped handsome profit in their trade with China, which registered 60 billion USD in 2004. Also as a result of this, 4 to 8 million jobs were created for US workers. Moreover, China's import from the US has also generated noticeable returns for the two sides. Every year China imports a big quantity of wheat, soybeans, oranges and other agricultural produce, as well as aircraft, fertilizers and machinery and equipment. China's imports from the US have not only strongly boosted US economic growth and employment, but also satisfied Chinese needs in production and consumption.
美國企業(yè)在華投資也回報豐厚。美國在華投資涉及工業(yè)制造、電信、銀行、保險、運輸、科技、服裝、農業(yè)、餐飲等眾多領域。據中方統計，2004年美國在華投資企業(yè)在中國市場銷售了750億美元商品，另有同等規(guī)模的商品出口到中國以外的市場。最近，中國美國商會發(fā)表了《美國企業(yè)在中國》白皮書，對會員企業(yè)的調查顯示，93%的企業(yè)認為，中國的經濟改革改善了美國公司的商業(yè)環(huán)境，92%的企業(yè)表示他們在中國的商業(yè)前景至少五年內是"樂觀的"或"謹慎樂觀的"，86%的企業(yè)收益提高，68%的企業(yè)盈利或盈利很高，42%的企業(yè)在中國的利潤率高于全球利潤率。白皮書認為，美國企業(yè)"對中國的商業(yè)環(huán)境具有強烈的信心，并渴望通過建設性對話解決商業(yè)問題"。這充分說明美國對華投資不僅促進了中國經濟的發(fā)展，也為美國企業(yè)提供了空前的機遇。
US companies are also generously rewarded in their investment in China. Their investment covers such areas as industrial manufacturing, telecommunication, banking, insurance, transportation, science and technology, garment making, agriculture, and catering. According to China's statistics, in 2004 US-invested companies sold 75 billion USD of products in the Chinese market, and a similar worth of products to third markets. Recently, AmCham China released its White Paper titled US Companies in China. A survey among AmCham member companies indicates that 93% of the respondent companies believe China's economic reforms have improved the climate for US business, 92% are "optimistic" or "cautiously optimistic" about their five-year business outlook in China; 86% report higher revenues and 68% report profitable or very profitable performances; and 42% report China profit margins greater than their worldwide margins. The White Paper concludes that US companies indicate "strong confidence in China's business environment and are eager for constructive dialogue on resolving business challenges". It fully shows that US investment in China has not only promoted China's economic development, but also offered more opportunities than ever to the US companies themselves.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and gentlemen:
經過20多年的努力，中美兩國在貿易、投資、金融等領域平等互利的交流與合作達到了相當高的水平。由于雙邊貿易發(fā)展快，規(guī)模大，中美兩國貿易中出現一些問題和摩擦是正常的,其中既有我方關注的紡織品貿易、出口管制、市場經濟地位等問題，也有美方關注的貿易逆差、知識產權保護、農產品檢驗檢疫等問題。對待這些問題，我們認為，雙方都要有高瞻遠矚的戰(zhàn)略眼光，從中美經貿發(fā)展大局出發(fā)，通過平等磋商和擴大合作加以解決。我現在主要介紹兩個問題。
Over two decades of efforts have resulted in an impressively high level of equitable and mutually beneficial communication and cooperation between China and the US in trade, investment, finance and other fields. In the fast-growing and large-scaled bilateral trade, problems and frictions are commonplace, which include, among others, Chinese concerns over the textile trade, export control, and market economy status, and US concerns about the trade deficit, IPR protection, and agricultural product inspection and quarantine. We believe, to solve these problems, the two sides need to resort to consultation and intensified cooperation on an equal footing, bearing in mind the overall interests of bilateral economic and trade development with great foresight and a strategic vision. Here I would like to briefly touch upon two major issues.
中美貿易不平衡問題。中美貿易中，美方確實存在逆差。造成美方逆差的原因很多、也很復雜，主要是貿易結構、貿易轉移的問題，以及統計方式不同和美國對華出口管制的問題。近年來，美國對華貿易逆差的增長很大程度上是因為美國對日本、韓國、東南亞的貿易逆差轉移到了中國，是國際產業(yè)分工調整的結果。美國進口產品的90%是已不在本土生產的產品，這種供求關系決定了美國即使不從中國進口，也要從其他地方進口。過去美國通過貨物貿易直接向中國出口產品，現在是既通過逐年增長的對華出口，也通過在華投資生產并內銷、不斷提高在中國市場的份額，而這些不能直接在貿易數字上體現出來。中方一直重視解決中美貿易不平衡問題，多年來以誠意做出了極大努力。2004年中國從全球進口的農產品為280億美元，其中從美國進口77億美元，遠遠高于從歐盟進口的15億美元。近年中國曾多次派出赴美經貿促進團組增加從美國進口。
First, the issue of China-US trade imbalance. The US does run a trade deficit with China. There are many complicated reasons for this deficit, mostly in trade structure, trade diversion, statistical differences, and US export control against China. In the past few years, the US trade deficit with China was, to a large extent, a result of its deficits shifted from Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries to China. It reflects a global industry shift and a new pattern in the division of labor. 90% of US imports are no long domestically produced. This supply and demand relationship means that even if the US stopped buying from China, it would have to import from elsewhere. The US used to directly export to China through trade in goods. The situation now is that it not only exports more to China every year, but also invests, produces and sells within China gaining an expanding market share in the country. This change is not directly reflected in the trade figures. Over the years, China has always placed high importance on and made tremendous efforts in addressing the China-US trade imbalance showing its utmost sincerity. In 2004, China imported 28 billion USD of agricultural products worldwide, out of which 7.7 billion USD were from the US, much higher than the EU figure of 1.5 billion USD. The past few years also witnessed a big number of trade promotion missions China organized to the US for the purpose of importing more from the country.
擴大美國對華出口，單靠中方努力還不夠，美方也要拿出誠意和實際行動。美國高新技術產業(yè)發(fā)達，其中許多產品都是中國經濟發(fā)展所需要的，但是由于美國長期實行出口管制，造成美高技術企業(yè)失去了大量對華出口機會，使中國只能從其他市場進口。比如2004年，中國從歐盟進口技術55億美元，增長63.3%，而從美國進口技術29億美元，下降10.6%。美國拒絕批準向中國出口核電技術設備和衛(wèi)星等高科技產品，導致美國至少喪失了250億美元的對華出口。如果美國政府放寬對華出口管制，就可有效促進對華出口，推動中美經貿合作上一個臺階。
It simply won't work if we only rely on Chinese efforts in order to expand US exports to China. Sincerity and concrete steps must happen at the other end as well. The US boasts a developed high-tech industry and a lot of products badly needed in China's economic development. However, the US export control policy staying there for such a long time has cost the US high-tech industry countless export opportunities to China. As a result, China had to go to other suppliers. Take 2004 for example, China imported 5.5 billion USD of high technologies from the EU, an increase of 63.3%, while on the US side, technology import was only 2.9 billion USD, a decline of 10.6%. Refusing to export nuclear-power technology and equipment, satellite and other high-tech products cost the US at least 25 billion USD of exports to China. If the US administration relaxes its export control against China, its exports to China will be effectively boosted and China-US economic and trade cooperation will be lifted onto a higher level.
關于保護知識產權問題。保護知識產權，維護知識產權權利人利益，不僅是樹立國際信用、開展國際合作的需要，更是中國完善市場經濟體制、促進自身科技和經濟發(fā)展的需要。中國政府是負責任的政府，在保護知識產權這件事情上，我們的決心是堅定的，態(tài)度是鮮明的，行動是有力的，也取得了巨大進展。從去年11月到今年10月17日，公安機關立案偵辦涉及知識產權的各類案件2268起，抓獲4080人，涉案總價值近16億人民幣。2004年4月，陳定中因非法印刷"耐克"等商標被浙江省法院判處三年有期徒刑；今年8月破獲陳勁松等人非法復制油畫案；上海市公安局偵破了假冒"妮維雅"等化妝品商標案。此外，為加強與美方的溝通，中方已決定在我駐美使館經商處派駐知識產權專家。
Second, IPR protection. Protecting intellectual property right and safeguarding the interests of right holders are not only a prerequisite for China to establish its creditability globally in conducting international cooperation, but also a call to its endeavor of improving the market economic system and promoting the advancement of science and technology and economic development. With a strong sense of responsibility, the Chinese government carries firm determination, clear-cut attitude and effective actions to protect intellectual property right. Our achievements are also encouraging. From last November to this October 17, public security authorities have processed 2,268 IPR-related cases. 4,080 offenders were detained. The total value involved was 1.6 billion RMB yuan. In April 2004, a man named Chen Dingzhong was sentenced to 3 years in prison by Zhejiang Provincial Court for unauthorized printing of such trademarks as Nike. This August, Chen Jinsong's case involving the unauthorized duplication of paintings was closed. Shanghai Public Security Bureau settled the fake Nivea trademark case. In addition, to strengthen communication with the US, China has decided to send an IPR expert to the Economic and Commercial Counselor's Office of the Chinese Embassy in the US.
應當指出的是，任何國家知識產權制度的建立完善，知識產權保護意識的提高，都是一個逐步發(fā)展的過程。中國要短時間內建立發(fā)達國家上百年才發(fā)展起來的比較完善的知識產權制度，任務是相當艱巨的。目前中國在知識產權保護方面還存在著一些問題，但這些問題正在受到重視并不斷得到解決。同時，知識產權保護也是一個世界性問題，需要各方通力合作。他山之石，可以攻玉。我們愿意借鑒其他國家的成功經驗，共同促進技術的進步和經濟的發(fā)展。我希望美國朋友消除疑慮，對中國知識產權保護的進展和未來前景建立信心。
It's worth pointing out that every country needs to go through a process in establishing and improving its IPR protection system and in raising the public awareness of IPR protection. It was such a demanding task for China to spend only several years setting up an IPR protection system that took developed countries over a century. At present, China still has some problems in the area of IPR protection. However, they have been given attention to and are being solved step by step. Meanwhile, we must acknowledge that IPR protection is a universal problem, and to solve it concerted efforts from all parties are needed. The jade from this mountain may be polished by stones from others. We are willing to draw successful experience from other countries to jointly promote technological advancement and economic development. I hope our US friends can clear up your doubts and worries and be confident about the developments and future prospects of IPR protection in China.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and gentlemen:
在經濟全球化和貿易自由化迅速發(fā)展的時期，中國市場不斷向世界開放，中國認真履行了加入WTO時的承諾，關稅總水平從2001年的15.3％下降到2005年的9.9％；中國服務業(yè)的開放程度到2004年已經達到62％，僅比發(fā)達國家平均水平低5個百分點。但是近期美國對華貿易保護主義措施卻明顯增多，使中國產品受到了不公正的待遇，使中國企業(yè)對中國加入WTO后的國際貿易環(huán)境產生了疑惑。在紡織品貿易上，美國頻繁對中國紡織品設限，影響了兩國紡織品貿易的正常、有序發(fā)展。今天，我們高興地看到，經過七輪磋商，中美最終就紡織品問題達成了協議。紡織品問題的解決符合中美兩國企業(yè)的共同利益，有利于推動雙邊經貿關系的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。我們希望中美雙方從兩國關系大局出發(fā)，本著"發(fā)展、平等、互利"的原則，通過合作與對話妥善解決存在的分歧。我希望在座的各位能發(fā)揮個人的影響力，阻止貿易保護主義蔓延，為中美經貿關系的健康發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境。
In this era of rapid economic globalization and trade liberalization, the Chinese market is more and more open to the world. China has been earnestly fulfilling its WTO commitments. Our general tariff level was lowered from 15.3% in 2001 to 9.9% in 2005. China's service sector liberalization reached a degree of 62% in 2004, only 5 percentage points lower than the average of developed countries. Recently, trade protectionist measures by the US have been clearly on the rise, bringing unfair treatment to Chinese products, and rendering Chinese companies dubious about the international trade environment after China's WTO accession. The US frequent imposition of restrictions on Chinese textiles has disrupted the normal and orderly growth of our bilateral trade in textiles. Today, we're delighted that after seven rounds of negotiations, China and the US finally reached an agreement on textiles. Putting the textile issue behind us is in the common interest of Chinese and US companies and conducive to smooth development of our bilateral trade and economic relationship. We hope China and the US will properly bridge existing differences through dialogues and cooperation by proceeding from the general picture of our bilateral relations and in the principles of "development, equality and mutual benefits". And I hope everyone here will use your personal influence to the effect of containing trade protectionism and creating a favorable environment for the healthy development of Sino-US trade and economic relations.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
展望未來，我們對中美經貿合作的廣闊前景充滿信心。中國經濟的快速發(fā)展和市場的不斷開放為美國企業(yè)提供了前所未有的機遇。
Looking into the future, we're confident about the broad prospects of Sino-US trade and economic cooperation. The fast-growing economy and ever-opening market of China are presenting more opportunities to US companies than ever before.
中國正在成為世界上成長最快的巨大市場。2004年，中國GDP總規(guī)模超過1.6萬億美元，人均GDP達到1200多美元，國內市場銷售了2萬億美元以上的生產資料和生活資料。最近，我們提出要在"十一五"時期，實現2010年人均GDP比2000年翻一番。根據國際經驗，人均GDP達到1000美元以后，消費率和消費結構將出現較大調整。中國將進入消費率迅速提升、居民消費高速增長的階段，國內消費需求有著巨大的增長潛力。在基礎設施投資方面，根據中國政府的規(guī)劃，到2010年，公路總里程要達到210萬至230萬公里，高速公路總里程達到5萬公里，中國的能源、城鄉(xiāng)基礎設施建設將會有巨大的發(fā)展。很多美國朋友都認識到，發(fā)展和繁榮的中國對世界和美國是有好處的。
China is emerging as a huge and the fastest-growing market in the world. In 2004, China created a total GDP of 1.6 trillion USD and a per capita GDP of 1200 USD. Over 2 trillion USD worth of production materials and consumer goods were sold in its domestic market. Most recently, we set a target to quadruple our per capita GDP for 2010 on the basis of 2000 during the "11th five -year period". In global experience, once the per capita GDP figure reaches 1000 USD, relatively noticeable adjustments will happen to the spending rate and consumer spending structure. By this rule, China will enter a phase featuring rapid growth of spending rate and consumer spending as well as big potential of the increase in domestic consumer demand. In the area of infrastructure investment, the Chinese government has the plan of extending its total length of roads to 2.1 to 2.3 million kilometers by the year 2010 and expressways to 50,000 kilometers. Enormous developments will take place in China's energy sector and urban and rural infrastructure building. Many our US friends have realized that a growing and thriving China benefits the US and the world at large.
美國和歐盟的有關經濟學家多次指出，中國的市場在發(fā)展中國家和轉型經濟國家中是最開放的。2005年1-10月，中國進出口貿易額為11486億美元，全年預計將接近14000億美元。中國已經連續(xù)12年是世界上利用外資最多的國家之一。隨著中國經濟的發(fā)展，中國進口增長迅速。多年來，中國一直是美國棉花、大豆的進口國?？傊?，中國將以更加積極的姿態(tài)全面提高對外開放水平，進一步發(fā)展與世界各國的經貿合作。一個擁有13億人口、經濟快速穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的中國孕育著無限商機，將為包括美國在內的眾多合作伙伴提供潛力巨大的市場和更多的合作機會。
Economists from the US and EU have also pointed out on many occasions that China has the most open market among all developing countries and economies in transition. China's trade volume for the first ten months of this year is 1.1486 trillion USD, which is expected to reach 1.4 trillion at the yearend. It is already one of the top FDI recipients in the world for 12 consecutive years. Along with China's economic growth are the rapid increases in its imports. For many years, China has remained the top importer of US cotton and soybeans. So, in this light, China will fully increase its openness and be more active in developing further trade and economic ties with other countries in the world. China, with a 1.3-billion population and fast and steadily growing economy, offers boundless business opportunities. It will open huge market potential and greater partnership opportunities to our friends, including those from the US.
女士們，先生們：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
2003年10月，溫家寶總理訪美，同布什總統就處理中美經貿關系達成了五項共識。中美商貿聯委會是促進中美經貿合作，維護雙邊經貿關系健康發(fā)展的重要機制。今年7月份召開的第16屆中美商貿聯委會取得了積極進展，解決了許多長期以來雙方關注的問題。我希望中美各界抓住時代的機遇和市場的機會，以更加積極的姿態(tài)開展互利合作，實現共贏，為中美兩國經貿合作、促進兩國共同發(fā)展做出更大貢獻。
謝謝
In October 2003, on his visit to the US, Premier Wen Jiabao reached five consensuses with President Bush on how to handle the Sino-US economic and trade relationship. The JCCT is an important mechanism for promoting Sino-US trade and economic cooperation and ensuring healthy development of this relationship. Positive progress has been recorded at the 16th JCCT in July 2005 where many outstanding issues of common concern were resolved. I hope both China and the US will seize the opportunities of the times and the opportunities in the market, be more actively engaged in reciprocal cooperation for win-win outcomes, and make positive contributions to Sino-US trade and economic cooperation and to our common development.
Thank you.