命題規(guī)律
1、列舉處?？?BR> 列舉處指的是 First,...,Second ,...,Third,..., 等并列關(guān)系詞出現(xiàn)的部分。要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中 , 選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。列舉方式有時(shí)不用數(shù)字排序 , 而是采取句式排比的方式進(jìn)行。
2、 舉例與打比方的地方?？?BR> 為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更具有說服力，更加明確 ，作者常以具體的例子來佐證。這些例子或比喻常會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)，因此考生應(yīng)對(duì)那些引出這些例子或比喻的標(biāo)志詞加以注意。這類詞很多，常見的有as, such, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。
3、 （指示）代詞出現(xiàn)處?？?BR> 這類考題 ,常用來考查考生是否真正理解上下文之間的句際關(guān)系和意義。
4、 引用人物論斷處?？?BR> 作者為正確表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù) , 常會(huì)引用某些權(quán)威人士的論斷或采納其重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此處作文章。
5、 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？?BR> 由于特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容常是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明， 因此命題者常對(duì)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。具體說，特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)包括：破折號(hào)（表解釋），括號(hào)（表解釋），冒號(hào)（表解釋），引號(hào)（表引用）。
例題：
CET4 1999 年1月第2篇
President Coolide's statgnent,"The business of America is b11sines,"still point to an important truth today --that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Q:The statement "The business of America is business"probably means__.
[A]the business institution in America are concerned with commerce
[B]business problems are of great importance to the American governmenthinmis
[C]business is of primary concern to Americans
[D]Aameric is a great power in world business
正確答案是 [C]
根據(jù)引號(hào)及其內(nèi)容很快找到原文相關(guān)部分，其后的破折號(hào)必是對(duì)該句的解釋。因此考生不必在原文所引內(nèi)容的兩個(gè)busine為何意上絞盡腦汁，只須理解破折號(hào)后內(nèi)容，其意思是：美國商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)在美國社會(huì)中享有的威望比包括政府在內(nèi)的其他所有機(jī)構(gòu)都要高。這個(gè)意思與選項(xiàng) [C]中的"primary concern"(頭等大事)相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選[C]。
如果題目只是針對(duì)某一段的內(nèi)容提間，可只看該段內(nèi)容即可答題，而不必等到把文章全看完才做。
例題： CET6 2002年12月第29題
In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states; average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today.But,as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims.And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system,it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
Q:After 1972 workers'compensation insurance in the U.S became more favorable to workers so that___.
[A]the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
[B]more money was allocated to their compensation system
[C]there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims
[D]the number of workers suing for damages increased
正確答案是 [D]
根據(jù)題干中的"after 1972"可馬上判斷出線索在最后一段。這一段的大意是說自1972年后，越來越多的人因工傷索賠而獲益，所以越來越多的人就進(jìn)行索賠，那么也就有醫(yī)生和律師也來分一杯羹。尤其第二句話提到：索賠獲益每增加10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行索賠的工人人數(shù)就增加了5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，與[D]一致。
選項(xiàng)中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而同義詞替換的選項(xiàng)一般是答案。
例題：CET4 1997年6月第3篇
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition,changes made to the constructions codes in Los Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways,making them more resistant to earthquake.
Q:One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that____.
[A]new computers had been installed in the buildings
[B]it occurred in the residential rather than on the highways
[C]large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
[D]improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
正確答案是 [D]
在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[C]項(xiàng)和[D]都與原文有關(guān)。但[C]達(dá)似乎照抄原文“the quake occurred…on a holiday”，但實(shí)際上是對(duì)原文的曲解。原文中并沒有說大多Los Angeles的居民們外出度假了，只是說了當(dāng)時(shí)的交通情況。而選項(xiàng)[D]中的improvement 是對(duì)“change made to the construction codes”的解釋，是change在該文中的同義替換詞，因此[D]是正確答案。
選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體，或膚淺地表達(dá)了字面意思的，一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。
例題：CET4 2000年1月第1篇
Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences are if the event occurs.Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might srike Earth once every 500,000 years.
Q:What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?
[A]It is very unlikely but the danger exists.
[B]Such a co
llision might occur every 25 years.
[C]Collidons d smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.
[D]It's still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur.
正確答案是 [A]
依據(jù)節(jié)選文中最后一句可知雖然小行星每 50 萬年才撞擊地球一次 , 但此事總是有可能發(fā)生的。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 , 只有 [A] 項(xiàng) " 小行星與地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但這種危險(xiǎn)是存在的 " 概括性。因此 [A] 項(xiàng)正確。
選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與其他三項(xiàng)有較大差別的 , 可能為答案。
例題：CET4 1996年6月第3篇
Most our patients(注:指上文中提到的terminally iil patients) welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly,honestly,and frankly about their trouble.Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed,to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near.
Q:The need of a dying patient for company shows____.
[A]his desire for communication with other people
[B]his fear of approaching death
[C]his pessimistic attitude towards his condition
[D]his reluctance to part with his family
正確答案是 [A]
若時(shí)間不充分，在緊急狀態(tài)下，對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比后可發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)[A]內(nèi)容與眾不同，其他三 項(xiàng)均表明了對(duì)死亡來臨時(shí)悲觀的心情，如恐懼、悲觀、不情愿等，只有[A]表明了渴望與他人交流的意愿。當(dāng)然若時(shí)間充分可對(duì)原文相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析， 以選文第一句為例，其意為：多數(shù)病人想與他人坦誠地談?wù)勛约旱穆闊┖屠Щ?。由此可見，這是一種對(duì)交流的渴望，因而選[A]。
答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。這些語氣詞有 :must,always,never,the most,al1,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,hardly 等。而選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語氣詞有： could,may,often,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily等。
在議論文中那些符合一般常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般性規(guī)律，屬于普通現(xiàn)象的選項(xiàng)往往是答案項(xiàng)。
例題：CET6 2002年1月第30題
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise.Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy.If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
Q:The primary solution to environmental problems is____.
[A]to allow market forces to operate properly
[B]to curb consumption of natural resources
[C]to limit the growth of the world population
[D]to avoid fluctuations in prices
正確答案是 [A]
本題題干是問解決環(huán)境問題的基本方法是什么，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[D]項(xiàng)“避免價(jià)格波動(dòng)”與題干無關(guān)，[B]項(xiàng)“限制自然資源的消耗”和[C]項(xiàng)“控制世界人口的增長(zhǎng)”雖然有利于環(huán)境問題的解決，但不是基本解決方法。故[A]項(xiàng)為正確答案。由文章最后一段話說：在價(jià)格和市場(chǎng)手段不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的地方便會(huì)出現(xiàn)環(huán)境、能源等問題，可以推出：環(huán)境問題的解決之道便在于讓市場(chǎng)、價(jià)格手段正常地發(fā)揮作用，從而驗(yàn)證[A]項(xiàng)正確。
細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：(1)與原句內(nèi)容相反；(2)與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同；(3)與原句內(nèi)容相似但過于絕對(duì)化；(4)原文中根本沒提到。
自我測(cè)試一：
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep.Jerome M.Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleep"is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)".He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
Q:By "just the tip of the iceberg",Siegel suggests that____.
[A]half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
[B]the mystery of halfbrain sleep is close to being solved
[C]most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers
[D]half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species
參考答案：
答案為[D]。根據(jù)引號(hào)內(nèi)容很快找到原文相關(guān)部分，其后的內(nèi)容必是對(duì)該問的解釋。第二句中說加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的Ferome M.Siegel推測(cè)鳥類的半腦睡眠現(xiàn)象只是冰山露出來的一角。第三句說如果我們對(duì)其他物種作進(jìn)一步認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的觀察，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的例證，所以D正確。因此只要理解第二句、第三句的意思即可選出正確答案。 這一題是屬于考特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容
自我測(cè)試二：
1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least.
Q:According to the passage,people wearing uniforms___.
[A]are usually helped
[B]have little or no individual freedom
[C]tend to lose their individuality
[D]enjoy greater popularity
2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls a
re being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that____.
[A]their social roles are rigidly determined
[B]most boys would like to follow their fathers professions
[C]boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
[D]they like challenging activities
3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝嗇的）taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.
Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.
[A]mainly by the state government
[B]exclusively by the local government
[C]by the National Education Association
[D]by both the local and state government
參考答案：
1.答案是[C]。在時(shí)間不充裕情況下，我們粗略對(duì)照原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)“穿制服”的討論與individuality有關(guān)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，[B和[C]涉及這一內(nèi)容，而[刨項(xiàng)中由于使用“l(fā)ittle”和“no”使語氣過于絕對(duì)，[C]項(xiàng)則使用語氣較為緩和的“tend to”，因此可確定[C]為正確答案。但是切記，若時(shí)間來得及，一定要返回原文有關(guān)部分驗(yàn)證答案，原文大意是：反對(duì)穿制服者的基本觀點(diǎn)是制服缺少多樣化，因此會(huì)使穿制服的人也失去個(gè)性。
答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。
2.答案是[A]。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，[A]項(xiàng)與其他幾項(xiàng)相比符合人們對(duì)男女角色的普遍認(rèn)識(shí)，而其他三項(xiàng)都有偏頗之處。 再返回原文，就在題干所涉及的句子之后，出現(xiàn)了[A]項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“social roles，rigidly determined”等，再次驗(yàn)證[A]， 因而選[A]。
議論文中符合一般常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)，富有深刻哲理，符合一般規(guī)律的選項(xiàng)。
3.快速閱讀本段可知答案在[A]、[B]、[D]選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)[A]和選項(xiàng)[B]說得過于絕對(duì)，[D]項(xiàng)用了both…and句型，所以[D]為正確答案。但是，如果時(shí)間來得及，一定要到原文中驗(yàn)證答案。由本段第一句話中“students as victims of stingy taxpayers”和第二句話中提到的當(dāng)?shù)氐亩惵瘦^低這一點(diǎn)可知，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕逃?jīng)費(fèi)一部分來自于地方的稅收；再由本段最后一句話中“the states share of school funding”可知，州政府也分擔(dān)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。故驗(yàn)證[D]為正確答案。
答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。
1、列舉處?？?BR> 列舉處指的是 First,...,Second ,...,Third,..., 等并列關(guān)系詞出現(xiàn)的部分。要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中 , 選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。列舉方式有時(shí)不用數(shù)字排序 , 而是采取句式排比的方式進(jìn)行。
2、 舉例與打比方的地方?？?BR> 為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更具有說服力，更加明確 ，作者常以具體的例子來佐證。這些例子或比喻常會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)，因此考生應(yīng)對(duì)那些引出這些例子或比喻的標(biāo)志詞加以注意。這類詞很多，常見的有as, such, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。
3、 （指示）代詞出現(xiàn)處?？?BR> 這類考題 ,常用來考查考生是否真正理解上下文之間的句際關(guān)系和意義。
4、 引用人物論斷處?？?BR> 作者為正確表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù) , 常會(huì)引用某些權(quán)威人士的論斷或采納其重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此處作文章。
5、 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？?BR> 由于特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容常是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明， 因此命題者常對(duì)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。具體說，特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)包括：破折號(hào)（表解釋），括號(hào)（表解釋），冒號(hào)（表解釋），引號(hào)（表引用）。
例題：
CET4 1999 年1月第2篇
President Coolide's statgnent,"The business of America is b11sines,"still point to an important truth today --that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Q:The statement "The business of America is business"probably means__.
[A]the business institution in America are concerned with commerce
[B]business problems are of great importance to the American governmenthinmis
[C]business is of primary concern to Americans
[D]Aameric is a great power in world business
正確答案是 [C]
根據(jù)引號(hào)及其內(nèi)容很快找到原文相關(guān)部分，其后的破折號(hào)必是對(duì)該句的解釋。因此考生不必在原文所引內(nèi)容的兩個(gè)busine為何意上絞盡腦汁，只須理解破折號(hào)后內(nèi)容，其意思是：美國商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)在美國社會(huì)中享有的威望比包括政府在內(nèi)的其他所有機(jī)構(gòu)都要高。這個(gè)意思與選項(xiàng) [C]中的"primary concern"(頭等大事)相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選[C]。
如果題目只是針對(duì)某一段的內(nèi)容提間，可只看該段內(nèi)容即可答題，而不必等到把文章全看完才做。
例題： CET6 2002年12月第29題
In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states; average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today.But,as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims.And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system,it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
Q:After 1972 workers'compensation insurance in the U.S became more favorable to workers so that___.
[A]the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
[B]more money was allocated to their compensation system
[C]there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims
[D]the number of workers suing for damages increased
正確答案是 [D]
根據(jù)題干中的"after 1972"可馬上判斷出線索在最后一段。這一段的大意是說自1972年后，越來越多的人因工傷索賠而獲益，所以越來越多的人就進(jìn)行索賠，那么也就有醫(yī)生和律師也來分一杯羹。尤其第二句話提到：索賠獲益每增加10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行索賠的工人人數(shù)就增加了5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，與[D]一致。
選項(xiàng)中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而同義詞替換的選項(xiàng)一般是答案。
例題：CET4 1997年6月第3篇
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition,changes made to the constructions codes in Los Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways,making them more resistant to earthquake.
Q:One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that____.
[A]new computers had been installed in the buildings
[B]it occurred in the residential rather than on the highways
[C]large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
[D]improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
正確答案是 [D]
在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[C]項(xiàng)和[D]都與原文有關(guān)。但[C]達(dá)似乎照抄原文“the quake occurred…on a holiday”，但實(shí)際上是對(duì)原文的曲解。原文中并沒有說大多Los Angeles的居民們外出度假了，只是說了當(dāng)時(shí)的交通情況。而選項(xiàng)[D]中的improvement 是對(duì)“change made to the construction codes”的解釋，是change在該文中的同義替換詞，因此[D]是正確答案。
選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體，或膚淺地表達(dá)了字面意思的，一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。
例題：CET4 2000年1月第1篇
Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences are if the event occurs.Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might srike Earth once every 500,000 years.
Q:What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?
[A]It is very unlikely but the danger exists.
[B]Such a co
llision might occur every 25 years.
[C]Collidons d smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.
[D]It's still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur.
正確答案是 [A]
依據(jù)節(jié)選文中最后一句可知雖然小行星每 50 萬年才撞擊地球一次 , 但此事總是有可能發(fā)生的。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 , 只有 [A] 項(xiàng) " 小行星與地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但這種危險(xiǎn)是存在的 " 概括性。因此 [A] 項(xiàng)正確。
選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與其他三項(xiàng)有較大差別的 , 可能為答案。
例題：CET4 1996年6月第3篇
Most our patients(注:指上文中提到的terminally iil patients) welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly,honestly,and frankly about their trouble.Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed,to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near.
Q:The need of a dying patient for company shows____.
[A]his desire for communication with other people
[B]his fear of approaching death
[C]his pessimistic attitude towards his condition
[D]his reluctance to part with his family
正確答案是 [A]
若時(shí)間不充分，在緊急狀態(tài)下，對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比后可發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)[A]內(nèi)容與眾不同，其他三 項(xiàng)均表明了對(duì)死亡來臨時(shí)悲觀的心情，如恐懼、悲觀、不情愿等，只有[A]表明了渴望與他人交流的意愿。當(dāng)然若時(shí)間充分可對(duì)原文相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析， 以選文第一句為例，其意為：多數(shù)病人想與他人坦誠地談?wù)勛约旱穆闊┖屠Щ?。由此可見，這是一種對(duì)交流的渴望，因而選[A]。
答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。這些語氣詞有 :must,always,never,the most,al1,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,hardly 等。而選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語氣詞有： could,may,often,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily等。
在議論文中那些符合一般常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般性規(guī)律，屬于普通現(xiàn)象的選項(xiàng)往往是答案項(xiàng)。
例題：CET6 2002年1月第30題
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise.Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy.If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
Q:The primary solution to environmental problems is____.
[A]to allow market forces to operate properly
[B]to curb consumption of natural resources
[C]to limit the growth of the world population
[D]to avoid fluctuations in prices
正確答案是 [A]
本題題干是問解決環(huán)境問題的基本方法是什么，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[D]項(xiàng)“避免價(jià)格波動(dòng)”與題干無關(guān)，[B]項(xiàng)“限制自然資源的消耗”和[C]項(xiàng)“控制世界人口的增長(zhǎng)”雖然有利于環(huán)境問題的解決，但不是基本解決方法。故[A]項(xiàng)為正確答案。由文章最后一段話說：在價(jià)格和市場(chǎng)手段不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的地方便會(huì)出現(xiàn)環(huán)境、能源等問題，可以推出：環(huán)境問題的解決之道便在于讓市場(chǎng)、價(jià)格手段正常地發(fā)揮作用，從而驗(yàn)證[A]項(xiàng)正確。
細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：(1)與原句內(nèi)容相反；(2)與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同；(3)與原句內(nèi)容相似但過于絕對(duì)化；(4)原文中根本沒提到。
自我測(cè)試一：
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep.Jerome M.Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleep"is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)".He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
Q:By "just the tip of the iceberg",Siegel suggests that____.
[A]half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
[B]the mystery of halfbrain sleep is close to being solved
[C]most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers
[D]half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species
參考答案：
答案為[D]。根據(jù)引號(hào)內(nèi)容很快找到原文相關(guān)部分，其后的內(nèi)容必是對(duì)該問的解釋。第二句中說加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的Ferome M.Siegel推測(cè)鳥類的半腦睡眠現(xiàn)象只是冰山露出來的一角。第三句說如果我們對(duì)其他物種作進(jìn)一步認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的觀察，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的例證，所以D正確。因此只要理解第二句、第三句的意思即可選出正確答案。 這一題是屬于考特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容
自我測(cè)試二：
1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least.
Q:According to the passage,people wearing uniforms___.
[A]are usually helped
[B]have little or no individual freedom
[C]tend to lose their individuality
[D]enjoy greater popularity
2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls a
re being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that____.
[A]their social roles are rigidly determined
[B]most boys would like to follow their fathers professions
[C]boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
[D]they like challenging activities
3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝嗇的）taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.
Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.
[A]mainly by the state government
[B]exclusively by the local government
[C]by the National Education Association
[D]by both the local and state government
參考答案：
1.答案是[C]。在時(shí)間不充裕情況下，我們粗略對(duì)照原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)“穿制服”的討論與individuality有關(guān)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，[B和[C]涉及這一內(nèi)容，而[刨項(xiàng)中由于使用“l(fā)ittle”和“no”使語氣過于絕對(duì)，[C]項(xiàng)則使用語氣較為緩和的“tend to”，因此可確定[C]為正確答案。但是切記，若時(shí)間來得及，一定要返回原文有關(guān)部分驗(yàn)證答案，原文大意是：反對(duì)穿制服者的基本觀點(diǎn)是制服缺少多樣化，因此會(huì)使穿制服的人也失去個(gè)性。
答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。
2.答案是[A]。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，[A]項(xiàng)與其他幾項(xiàng)相比符合人們對(duì)男女角色的普遍認(rèn)識(shí)，而其他三項(xiàng)都有偏頗之處。 再返回原文，就在題干所涉及的句子之后，出現(xiàn)了[A]項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“social roles，rigidly determined”等，再次驗(yàn)證[A]， 因而選[A]。
議論文中符合一般常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)，富有深刻哲理，符合一般規(guī)律的選項(xiàng)。
3.快速閱讀本段可知答案在[A]、[B]、[D]選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)[A]和選項(xiàng)[B]說得過于絕對(duì)，[D]項(xiàng)用了both…and句型，所以[D]為正確答案。但是，如果時(shí)間來得及，一定要到原文中驗(yàn)證答案。由本段第一句話中“students as victims of stingy taxpayers”和第二句話中提到的當(dāng)?shù)氐亩惵瘦^低這一點(diǎn)可知，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕逃?jīng)費(fèi)一部分來自于地方的稅收；再由本段最后一句話中“the states share of school funding”可知，州政府也分擔(dān)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。故驗(yàn)證[D]為正確答案。
答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。