Sporting activities are essentially forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern foot-baller is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.
To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed.
They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.
Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use - that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.
The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against preys that were no longer essential to they survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten but there were other simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.
1. The author uses the example of the football game to tell us ____.
A) sporting activities are forms of biological developments
B) the difference between sports and hunting
C) the reason why man used to go in for hunting
D) sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting
2. In hunting what is equivalent to a goal-mouth in football match is ____.
A) a killing weapon
B) a hunting field
C) a prey
D) a member of a hunting group
3. According to the author, our ancestors survived as hunters for over a million years basically through their ____.
A) common sense
B) cooperation
C) farming knowledge
D) adventures
4. The world "activity"(Line 2, Para.5) refers to ____.
A) sporting activities
B) domesticating wild animals
C) growing crops
D)hunting
5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?
A) Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival.
B) It is farming that brings human into close contact with nature.
C) Sporting activities are vital to human existence because they excuse humans from risks and uncertainties.
D) It is farming that makes hunting completely out of date and unnecessary.
答案：
1. D)sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting對應(yīng)原文第一句Sporting activities are essentially forms of hunting behavior.
2. C)a prey對應(yīng)原文學(xué)His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth.
3. B)cooperation對應(yīng)原文They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters.
4. A)sporting activities. 出現(xiàn)地點(diǎn)：This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. 注意前一句Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity.
5. A)Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival為本文主旨.
參考譯文：
追根溯源，體育運(yùn)動是由狩獵活動演變而來的。從生物學(xué)的角度來講，現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動員實(shí)際上就相當(dāng)于獵隊(duì)中的成員，只是捕殺獵物的武器變成了沒有殺傷力的足球，獵物變成了球門。如果球員射門準(zhǔn)確，進(jìn)球得分，便能享受到獵人成功捕殺獵物那一刻勝利的喜悅。
要理解狩獵活動是如何轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轶w育運(yùn)動的，我們必須簡略地回顧一下祖先的生活方式。100多萬年以來，我們的祖先以集體狩獵為生，慢慢繁衍。他們的生死正是取決于獵場上的成敗。在如此大的生存壓力之下，祖先們的整個生活方式，甚至生理結(jié)構(gòu)都發(fā)生了極大的改變。
他們開始追逐、奔跑、跳躍、射擊、投擲和屠宰。男人們組成獵隊(duì)，運(yùn)用獵術(shù)，合作狩獵。
為了食物而狩獵的漫長歲月過去之后，大約在1萬年以前，祖先們開始從事牧業(yè)。對舊時狩獵生活至關(guān)重要的智力也得以提高，并派上了新的用場-馴養(yǎng)獵物。一時間，狩獵變得過時了。食物就在農(nóng)場上，隨需隨取。風(fēng)險不定的狩獵考＆試*大對生存不再是至關(guān)重要了。
但是，狩獵的技能和對狩獵的渴望仍然保留了下來，只是需要一些新的方式來滿足這種渴望。于是現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動代替了狩獵活動。這種新的活動涉及到古代狩獵的所有步驟，只不過活動的目的不再是為了充饑果腹，而是為了校驗(yàn)運(yùn)動員們捕殺獵物的技能-這些獵物對他們的生存也不再必不可少。誠然，獵手會吃掉獵物，但他們有其它更為簡便的方法獲取美餐。
To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed.
They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.
Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use - that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.
The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against preys that were no longer essential to they survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten but there were other simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.
1. The author uses the example of the football game to tell us ____.
A) sporting activities are forms of biological developments
B) the difference between sports and hunting
C) the reason why man used to go in for hunting
D) sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting
2. In hunting what is equivalent to a goal-mouth in football match is ____.
A) a killing weapon
B) a hunting field
C) a prey
D) a member of a hunting group
3. According to the author, our ancestors survived as hunters for over a million years basically through their ____.
A) common sense
B) cooperation
C) farming knowledge
D) adventures
4. The world "activity"(Line 2, Para.5) refers to ____.
A) sporting activities
B) domesticating wild animals
C) growing crops
D)hunting
5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?
A) Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival.
B) It is farming that brings human into close contact with nature.
C) Sporting activities are vital to human existence because they excuse humans from risks and uncertainties.
D) It is farming that makes hunting completely out of date and unnecessary.
答案：
1. D)sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting對應(yīng)原文第一句Sporting activities are essentially forms of hunting behavior.
2. C)a prey對應(yīng)原文學(xué)His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth.
3. B)cooperation對應(yīng)原文They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters.
4. A)sporting activities. 出現(xiàn)地點(diǎn)：This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. 注意前一句Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity.
5. A)Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival為本文主旨.
參考譯文：
追根溯源，體育運(yùn)動是由狩獵活動演變而來的。從生物學(xué)的角度來講，現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動員實(shí)際上就相當(dāng)于獵隊(duì)中的成員，只是捕殺獵物的武器變成了沒有殺傷力的足球，獵物變成了球門。如果球員射門準(zhǔn)確，進(jìn)球得分，便能享受到獵人成功捕殺獵物那一刻勝利的喜悅。
要理解狩獵活動是如何轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轶w育運(yùn)動的，我們必須簡略地回顧一下祖先的生活方式。100多萬年以來，我們的祖先以集體狩獵為生，慢慢繁衍。他們的生死正是取決于獵場上的成敗。在如此大的生存壓力之下，祖先們的整個生活方式，甚至生理結(jié)構(gòu)都發(fā)生了極大的改變。
他們開始追逐、奔跑、跳躍、射擊、投擲和屠宰。男人們組成獵隊(duì)，運(yùn)用獵術(shù)，合作狩獵。
為了食物而狩獵的漫長歲月過去之后，大約在1萬年以前，祖先們開始從事牧業(yè)。對舊時狩獵生活至關(guān)重要的智力也得以提高，并派上了新的用場-馴養(yǎng)獵物。一時間，狩獵變得過時了。食物就在農(nóng)場上，隨需隨取。風(fēng)險不定的狩獵考＆試*大對生存不再是至關(guān)重要了。
但是，狩獵的技能和對狩獵的渴望仍然保留了下來，只是需要一些新的方式來滿足這種渴望。于是現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動代替了狩獵活動。這種新的活動涉及到古代狩獵的所有步驟，只不過活動的目的不再是為了充饑果腹，而是為了校驗(yàn)運(yùn)動員們捕殺獵物的技能-這些獵物對他們的生存也不再必不可少。誠然，獵手會吃掉獵物，但他們有其它更為簡便的方法獲取美餐。