6． 因果分析法(cause and effect)
在闡述某一現(xiàn)象的段落中，常采用因果分析法。例如：
The role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women's movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.
本段中，主題句提出了一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，推展句則對產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因作出各種解釋。 常用于因果分析法的連接詞有：because, so, as a result等。
7． 定義法(definition)
在科普文章的寫作中，定義法是必不可少的。通過下定義，可以使讀者對該事物有一個(gè)更直接的認(rèn)識(shí)。
Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automation operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the "Second Industrial Revolution".
這一段文字使我們了解了 "automation" 和 "Second Industrial Revolution" 兩個(gè)概念，分別由 "refers to" 和 "been called" 引出。
常出現(xiàn)在定義法中的詞語有：refer to, mean, call等。