不景氣 slump （衰退 recession）
二板市場 the second board market
中國創(chuàng)業(yè)板 China Growth Enterprise Market
首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)
市場資本總額 market capitalization
法人股 institutional shares
內(nèi)部股（非上市招股） private company shares
牛市 bull market
法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn) legal risk
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 risk management
堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn) maintain strong underwriting standards
六大風(fēng)險(xiǎn) risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)
信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) credit risk
供給學(xué)派 supply-side economist
第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)） agriculture (primary industry)
第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)
第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)） service industry (tertiary industry)
主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) major economic indicators
國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）
國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）
人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita
宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì) macro economy
互助基金 mutual fund
擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 expand domestic demand
改善居民心理預(yù)期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs
鼓勵(lì)增加即期消費(fèi) encourage more immediate consumption
長期國債 long-term treasury bonds
支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds
財(cái)政赤字和債務(wù) deficits and the national debt
按原口徑計(jì)算 calculate on the base line
按不變價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at constant price
按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at comparable price
列入財(cái)政預(yù)算支出 listed in the fiscal budget
結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account
開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) engage in Renminbi (RMB) business
出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods
保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade
分期付款 pay by installment
保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings
抵押貸款 collateralised loans
住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan
貨幣主義者 monetarist
計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy
指令性計(jì)劃 mandatory plan
技術(shù)密集型 technology intensive
大規(guī)模生產(chǎn) mass production
經(jīng)濟(jì)林 cash tree
跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing
流動性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) liquidity risk
操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn) operational risk
內(nèi)部審計(jì) internal audit
拋售 bear sales
配套政策 supporting policies
中國人民銀行（中央銀行）The People's Bank of China（central bank）
四大國有商業(yè)銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks
中國銀行 Bank of china
中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and
中國建設(shè)銀行 Construction Bank of China
中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China
招商銀行 China Merchants Bank
疲軟股票 soft stock
配股 allotment of shares
實(shí)際增長率 growth rate in real terms
年均增長率 average growth rate per annum
投資回報(bào)率 rate of return on investment
外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額 total foreign trade value
實(shí)際利用外資 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place
消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù) consumer price index (CPI)
零售價(jià)格指數(shù) retail price index （RPI）
生活費(fèi)用價(jià)格總指數(shù) total price index of living cost
生活費(fèi)用 income available for living expenses
扣除物價(jià)因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis
居民儲蓄存款 residents' bank savings deposit
恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開支占總支出的比例） Engel coefficient
基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差別） Gini coefficient
購買力平價(jià)法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個(gè)國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、的收入水平的一種計(jì)算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內(nèi)購買力）
片面追求發(fā)展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 overheating of economy
通貨膨脹 inflation
實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) the real economy
經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律 laws of economics
市場調(diào)節(jié) market regulation
優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources
規(guī)模經(jīng)營優(yōu)勢 advantage of economies of scale
勞動密集型 labor intensive
市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn) market risk
收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy
適度從緊的財(cái)政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy
信用緊縮 credit crunch
加強(qiáng)國有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.
合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.
保證有市場、的有效益、的守信用企業(yè)的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector
適銷對路的產(chǎn)品 the right products / readily marketable products
國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集體企業(yè) collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises
私營企業(yè) private businesses
民營企業(yè) privately-run businesses
中小企業(yè) small-and-medium-sized enterprises
三資企業(yè)（中外合資、的中外合作、的外商獨(dú)資） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits
貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation
吸收游資 absorb idle fund
經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending
經(jīng)常性支出 operating expenses
再貸款 re-lending; subloan
支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market
增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票發(fā)行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets
中國證監(jiān)會 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
綜合指數(shù) composite index
納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
主板市場 the main board
通貨緊縮 deflation
中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略the three-step development strategy of China's modernization drive第一步，到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國100周年時(shí)，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China's level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制可能會出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng) The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會受到?jīng)_擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
立足中國國情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
揚(yáng)長避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn) foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization
瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints
放權(quán)讓利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one's commitment to reform
配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套資金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns
講求社會效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速國民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy
拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 fuel economic growth
利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
費(fèi)改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap
頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺） in an easy position (tight position)
朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry
招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制 the system of public bidding for project
充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy
實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向銀行增發(fā)國債，擴(kuò)大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.
再注資 recapitalization
放松銀根 to ease monetary policy
信息經(jīng)濟(jì) IT economy
外向型經(jīng)濟(jì) export-oriented economy
信息時(shí)代 information age
全球化 globalization （全球性globality）
信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) reputational risk
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評級 risk rating
到期不還貸 default on a loan
資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent
亞洲金融危機(jī) Asian financial crisis (1997-98)
投資（貸款）組合 investment (loan) portfolio
外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves
中國金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China
儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply
國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks
少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions
不良貸款 non-performing loans
防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) address financial risks
提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力 improve enterprises' creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities
監(jiān)事會 supervisory board
實(shí)行謹(jǐn)慎會計(jì)制度 adopt prudential accounting standards
五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量 the five-category asset classification approach
金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset management companies
分離和收回不良資產(chǎn) substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets
分業(yè)管理、的規(guī)模經(jīng)營 business segregation, economy of scale
規(guī)范金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions
政策性銀行 state policy-related bank
國家發(fā)展銀行 State Development Bank
知識經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge-based economy
網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì) Internet-based networked economy
指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃 guidance plan
社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（中國） socialist market economy
社會市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（德國） social market economy
新經(jīng)濟(jì)（美國） new economy
中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China
中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中國進(jìn)出口銀行 China EXIM Bank
匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融監(jiān)管 financial supervision
中國人民銀行法 Law of the People's Bank of China
商業(yè)銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks
保險(xiǎn)法 Law of Insurance
證券法 Law of Securities
巴塞爾原則 Basel Core Principles
監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、的管理機(jī)制不健全 problems of supervised entities' behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識 consciousness of risk prevention
事前監(jiān)管 proactive regulation and supervision
二板市場 the second board market
中國創(chuàng)業(yè)板 China Growth Enterprise Market
首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)
市場資本總額 market capitalization
法人股 institutional shares
內(nèi)部股（非上市招股） private company shares
牛市 bull market
法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn) legal risk
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 risk management
堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn) maintain strong underwriting standards
六大風(fēng)險(xiǎn) risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)
信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) credit risk
供給學(xué)派 supply-side economist
第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)） agriculture (primary industry)
第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)
第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)） service industry (tertiary industry)
主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) major economic indicators
國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）
國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）
人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita
宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì) macro economy
互助基金 mutual fund
擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 expand domestic demand
改善居民心理預(yù)期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs
鼓勵(lì)增加即期消費(fèi) encourage more immediate consumption
長期國債 long-term treasury bonds
支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds
財(cái)政赤字和債務(wù) deficits and the national debt
按原口徑計(jì)算 calculate on the base line
按不變價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at constant price
按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at comparable price
列入財(cái)政預(yù)算支出 listed in the fiscal budget
結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account
開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) engage in Renminbi (RMB) business
出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods
保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade
分期付款 pay by installment
保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings
抵押貸款 collateralised loans
住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan
貨幣主義者 monetarist
計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy
指令性計(jì)劃 mandatory plan
技術(shù)密集型 technology intensive
大規(guī)模生產(chǎn) mass production
經(jīng)濟(jì)林 cash tree
跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing
流動性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) liquidity risk
操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn) operational risk
內(nèi)部審計(jì) internal audit
拋售 bear sales
配套政策 supporting policies
中國人民銀行（中央銀行）The People's Bank of China（central bank）
四大國有商業(yè)銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks
中國銀行 Bank of china
中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and
中國建設(shè)銀行 Construction Bank of China
中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China
招商銀行 China Merchants Bank
疲軟股票 soft stock
配股 allotment of shares
實(shí)際增長率 growth rate in real terms
年均增長率 average growth rate per annum
投資回報(bào)率 rate of return on investment
外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額 total foreign trade value
實(shí)際利用外資 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place
消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù) consumer price index (CPI)
零售價(jià)格指數(shù) retail price index （RPI）
生活費(fèi)用價(jià)格總指數(shù) total price index of living cost
生活費(fèi)用 income available for living expenses
扣除物價(jià)因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis
居民儲蓄存款 residents' bank savings deposit
恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開支占總支出的比例） Engel coefficient
基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差別） Gini coefficient
購買力平價(jià)法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個(gè)國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、的收入水平的一種計(jì)算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內(nèi)購買力）
片面追求發(fā)展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 overheating of economy
通貨膨脹 inflation
實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) the real economy
經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律 laws of economics
市場調(diào)節(jié) market regulation
優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources
規(guī)模經(jīng)營優(yōu)勢 advantage of economies of scale
勞動密集型 labor intensive
市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn) market risk
收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy
適度從緊的財(cái)政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy
信用緊縮 credit crunch
加強(qiáng)國有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.
合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.
保證有市場、的有效益、的守信用企業(yè)的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector
適銷對路的產(chǎn)品 the right products / readily marketable products
國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集體企業(yè) collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises
私營企業(yè) private businesses
民營企業(yè) privately-run businesses
中小企業(yè) small-and-medium-sized enterprises
三資企業(yè)（中外合資、的中外合作、的外商獨(dú)資） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits
貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation
吸收游資 absorb idle fund
經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending
經(jīng)常性支出 operating expenses
再貸款 re-lending; subloan
支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market
增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票發(fā)行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets
中國證監(jiān)會 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
綜合指數(shù) composite index
納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
主板市場 the main board
通貨緊縮 deflation
中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略the three-step development strategy of China's modernization drive第一步，到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國100周年時(shí)，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China's level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制可能會出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng) The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會受到?jīng)_擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
立足中國國情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
揚(yáng)長避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn) foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization
瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints
放權(quán)讓利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one's commitment to reform
配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套資金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns
講求社會效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速國民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy
拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 fuel economic growth
利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
費(fèi)改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap
頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺） in an easy position (tight position)
朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry
招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制 the system of public bidding for project
充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy
實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向銀行增發(fā)國債，擴(kuò)大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.
再注資 recapitalization
放松銀根 to ease monetary policy
信息經(jīng)濟(jì) IT economy
外向型經(jīng)濟(jì) export-oriented economy
信息時(shí)代 information age
全球化 globalization （全球性globality）
信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) reputational risk
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評級 risk rating
到期不還貸 default on a loan
資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent
亞洲金融危機(jī) Asian financial crisis (1997-98)
投資（貸款）組合 investment (loan) portfolio
外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves
中國金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China
儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply
國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks
少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions
不良貸款 non-performing loans
防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) address financial risks
提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力 improve enterprises' creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities
監(jiān)事會 supervisory board
實(shí)行謹(jǐn)慎會計(jì)制度 adopt prudential accounting standards
五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量 the five-category asset classification approach
金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset management companies
分離和收回不良資產(chǎn) substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets
分業(yè)管理、的規(guī)模經(jīng)營 business segregation, economy of scale
規(guī)范金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions
政策性銀行 state policy-related bank
國家發(fā)展銀行 State Development Bank
知識經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge-based economy
網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì) Internet-based networked economy
指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃 guidance plan
社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（中國） socialist market economy
社會市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（德國） social market economy
新經(jīng)濟(jì)（美國） new economy
中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China
中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中國進(jìn)出口銀行 China EXIM Bank
匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融監(jiān)管 financial supervision
中國人民銀行法 Law of the People's Bank of China
商業(yè)銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks
保險(xiǎn)法 Law of Insurance
證券法 Law of Securities
巴塞爾原則 Basel Core Principles
監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、的管理機(jī)制不健全 problems of supervised entities' behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識 consciousness of risk prevention
事前監(jiān)管 proactive regulation and supervision