語法復習五：強調句、It的用法
一、強調句
（一）強調句句型
1、陳述句的強調句型：It is/ was + 被強調部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（強調主語且主語指人可以用who,當然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。
強調句式只是把句子中某些詞(被強調部分)改變位置,所以把強調結構(it is/was... that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。這是重點
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑問句的強調句型：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 一定要注意,這是出題點,也是考點,掌握它的方法是多記幾個這樣的句子,最后一定會融會貫通的.
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
認真研究下面的例句.體會一句話語法: 強調句式只是把句子中某些詞
(被強調部分)改變位置,所以把強調結構(it is/was... that/who)
去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
4、強調句例句：針對I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
句子進行強調。
強調主語：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
強調賓語：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
強調地點狀語：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
強調時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意：構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that, who不可省略；強調句中的時態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was … ，其余的時態(tài)用It is … 。
（二）not … until … 句型的強調句 這也是出題點和考點,掌握的方法: 多記幾個這樣的句子,最后一定會融會貫通的.
1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
強調句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till, until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）謂語動詞的強調
1、It is/ was … that … 結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，
用助動詞do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 務必請坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給你寫了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心?。?BR> 2、注意：此種強調只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；過去時用did ，后面的謂語動詞用原形。
二、It的用法
（一）作人稱代詞
1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.
（it代替前面They…town分句中的情況）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.
（it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些習慣說法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.
---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.
---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one則用于同名異物的場合。
e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.
---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.
5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個。
e.g. The climate of South China is mild（溫和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）
The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）
（二）作無人稱代詞
it作無人稱代詞時，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個特點是它后面的內容都是表示天氣、時間、距離、度量衡及情況等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
It is noon.
It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
It is eighteen square metres in area.
What does it matter?
（三）作強調詞，構成強調結構
用以幫助改變句子結構，使句子的某一成分受到強調。“It is (was) + 所強調的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分?！痹谶@個句型中，it本身沒有詞義。詳見“一、強調句”。
（四）引導詞it作形式主語（賓語）
為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語）it ，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句子后面。通常引導詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。
e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.
（It與to go there on foot之間夾有takes half an hour四個詞）
We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.
（it與that從句中間夾有 strange）
但有時it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。
e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因為介詞on之后一般不直接接that引導的賓語從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當作錯句）
補充: I like it here. 句中l(wèi)ike是及物動詞(什么是及物動詞,就是可以直接加上賓語的動詞),后面必須加一賓語,而here是副詞,不能作賓語(大家想一想,前面我們說過什么可以做賓語來的.名詞!)這時為了使句子語法正確,使用一個虛擬的賓語: it. 上面說的是理論,掌握起來非常簡單喲.把它背下來: I like it here.
檢測練習
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li.
A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before
C. many years ago that D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA
一、強調句
（一）強調句句型
1、陳述句的強調句型：It is/ was + 被強調部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（強調主語且主語指人可以用who,當然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。
強調句式只是把句子中某些詞(被強調部分)改變位置,所以把強調結構(it is/was... that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。這是重點
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑問句的強調句型：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 一定要注意,這是出題點,也是考點,掌握它的方法是多記幾個這樣的句子,最后一定會融會貫通的.
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
認真研究下面的例句.體會一句話語法: 強調句式只是把句子中某些詞
(被強調部分)改變位置,所以把強調結構(it is/was... that/who)
去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
4、強調句例句：針對I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
句子進行強調。
強調主語：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
強調賓語：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
強調地點狀語：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
強調時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意：構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that, who不可省略；強調句中的時態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was … ，其余的時態(tài)用It is … 。
（二）not … until … 句型的強調句 這也是出題點和考點,掌握的方法: 多記幾個這樣的句子,最后一定會融會貫通的.
1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
強調句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till, until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）謂語動詞的強調
1、It is/ was … that … 結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，
用助動詞do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 務必請坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給你寫了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心?。?BR> 2、注意：此種強調只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；過去時用did ，后面的謂語動詞用原形。
二、It的用法
（一）作人稱代詞
1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.
（it代替前面They…town分句中的情況）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.
（it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些習慣說法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.
---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.
---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one則用于同名異物的場合。
e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.
---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.
5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個。
e.g. The climate of South China is mild（溫和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）
The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）
（二）作無人稱代詞
it作無人稱代詞時，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個特點是它后面的內容都是表示天氣、時間、距離、度量衡及情況等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
It is noon.
It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
It is eighteen square metres in area.
What does it matter?
（三）作強調詞，構成強調結構
用以幫助改變句子結構，使句子的某一成分受到強調。“It is (was) + 所強調的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分?！痹谶@個句型中，it本身沒有詞義。詳見“一、強調句”。
（四）引導詞it作形式主語（賓語）
為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語）it ，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句子后面。通常引導詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。
e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.
（It與to go there on foot之間夾有takes half an hour四個詞）
We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.
（it與that從句中間夾有 strange）
但有時it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。
e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因為介詞on之后一般不直接接that引導的賓語從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當作錯句）
補充: I like it here. 句中l(wèi)ike是及物動詞(什么是及物動詞,就是可以直接加上賓語的動詞),后面必須加一賓語,而here是副詞,不能作賓語(大家想一想,前面我們說過什么可以做賓語來的.名詞!)這時為了使句子語法正確,使用一個虛擬的賓語: it. 上面說的是理論,掌握起來非常簡單喲.把它背下來: I like it here.
檢測練習
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li.
A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before
C. many years ago that D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA