2008屆高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】
一、時(shí)態(tài)
（一） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法注意點(diǎn)：
1.狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，包括（1）be和have,或者含有be 和have意義的動(dòng)詞，如：belong to, contain, depend on, own, possess等；（2）feel, sound, smell, taste等連系動(dòng)詞；（3）hear, see, find等表示結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞；（4）表示心理或情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：believe, love, want, understand, wish等；
2.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和副詞always, forever等連用時(shí)，往往帶有一定的感情色彩，如贊揚(yáng)、批評(píng)、不滿、抱怨等；
（二） 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：
1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的未完成性、持續(xù)性，著眼于動(dòng)作的過程；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生過，且已結(jié)束，著眼于結(jié)果；如：
She was writing a report last night and I don’t know if she has finished it.(表示昨晚一直在寫)
She wrote a report last night.（表示昨晚寫了，并且寫好了）
2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, forever等詞連用表示一定的感情色彩；
He was always throwing things about. (表示不滿或討厭)
（三） 將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)：
A
B
C
D
be going to
表示“計(jì)劃、打算、安排將要做的事”時(shí)，主語(yǔ)只能是人
說話人說話之前已考慮過的
主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，表示說話人根據(jù)某種跡象主觀推測(cè)可能發(fā)生的事
不能用于含有條件句的主句中
will
表示將要發(fā)生某事或主語(yǔ)的“意愿”
說話人說話時(shí)刻才考慮到的
表示客觀規(guī)律必然發(fā)生的
可用于含有條件句的主句或從句中表示“意愿”
be to
表示安排、計(jì)劃要做的事
與第二人稱連用，表示轉(zhuǎn)述第三者的話
表示命令，相當(dāng)于should / must
表示“能”“該”“想要”“注定、不可避免”
be about to
表示動(dòng)作馬上發(fā)生；句中不能再加at once, immediately和表示具體時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)；常有“be about to…..when”結(jié)構(gòu)；
還可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；
（四） 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)：
1.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will / shall be doing
2.將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示到將來(lái)某時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will / shall have done,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為：by+表將來(lái)時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)；
如：I’ll be climbing the mountain this time the day after tomorrow.
By the time he graduates from the college, he will have learned three foreign languages.
（五） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及過去完成時(shí)的用法注意點(diǎn)：
1.瞬間性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確使用：與how long, for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：buy-have, keep-borrow, die-be dead, marry-be married, begin-be on, begin to know-know等；
2.注意have / had been to與have/ had gone to的區(qū)別；
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示從句中的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作前完成，如：
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
4.by+過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)；
5.有些動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望，這類動(dòng)詞為：think, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose等；
I had intended to visit you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.
（六） 現(xiàn)在/過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)到說話時(shí)且還在進(jìn)行；結(jié)構(gòu)：have (has) / had been doing
比較：They have repaired the road.(表示路已修好)
They have been repairing the road. （表示路還在修）
有時(shí)兩者可替換：She has taught in this middle school for ten years.
She has been teaching in this school for ten years.
注意：完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不可與瞬間性動(dòng)詞連用，如：finish, go, marry等；
（七） 某些固定句型中時(shí)態(tài)是固定的：
1.This / That / It is the first time +從句（用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
2.It’s / has been +一段時(shí)間+since從句（用過去時(shí)）
3.Hardly / No sooner had sb. done when / than +從句（用過去時(shí)）
4.It will be +一段時(shí)間+before從句（用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）/ It was +一段時(shí)間+before從句（用過去時(shí)）
5. It’s time+從句（用過去時(shí)或should do）
6.would rather+從句（用一般過去時(shí)/過去完成時(shí)）
It’s getting late. I’d rather you took a taxi there.
The film was boring. I’d rather I hadn’t gone to see it.
二、語(yǔ)態(tài)
1.動(dòng)詞sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等與well, smoothly, easily等連用時(shí)，說明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的“性能”“特點(diǎn)”，用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)；
2.表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義；
3.不及物動(dòng)詞及一些固定短語(yǔ)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗盡）, go out（熄滅）, come out（出版）, come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur等；
4.當(dāng)want, require, need作“需要”解，后接doing/ to be done作賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞do與主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；
5.be worth后接doing作賓語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義；
6.不定式to let（出租）, to blame（該受責(zé)備）表示被動(dòng)意義；
7.在“主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞（for sb.）+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，to do用主動(dòng)形式；
8.在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（名詞）+動(dòng)詞不定式to do（作定語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞，且為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；主語(yǔ)與to do為主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，此動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如：
I have a meeting to attend.
【各個(gè)擊破】
1. ------I took a photo of you just now.
-----Really? I _______ with attention.
A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. am not looking D. haven’t looked
2. ------You haven’t said a word about my new hair-style. What do you think of it?
-----I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty.
A. don’t say B. wasn’t saying C. didn’t say D. haven’t said
3. ------Can I help you, Madam?
-------No, thanks. I __________________.
A. have just looked around B. just look around
C. am just looking around D. just looked around
4. ------That famous cherry trees _________ because of pollution.
-----Yes, we have to do something to save it.
A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. is dying
5. She ought to stop reading; she has a headache because she _______ too long.
A. had read B. read C. is reading D. has been reading
6. ------You’re talking too much.
-------Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is hearing B. had heard C. hears D. heard
7. -------What have you been doing? I asked you a question. Why didn’t you answer?
-------Sorry, I ___________ to the news on the radio.
A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. had listened
8. -------You should have told him the date earlier.
-------I_______, but he forgot about it.
A. did B. have C. had D. should have
9. ------You could have asked Tom for help, for he is good at physics.
-----Really? Oh, a whole night __________. Why didn’t you tell me earlier?
A. is wasted B. was wasted C. had wasted D. has wasted
10. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who __________ him but failed.
A. held B. had held C. would hold D. was holding
11. You _________exercises at your desk! Why not take some exercise?
A. always do B. are always doing C. have always done D. have always been doing
12.----What were you up to when she dropped in?
----I ____ for a while and ____some reading.
A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did
C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did
13.Until then I _______ for him for hours in his office.
A. waited B. was waiting C. have been waiting D. had been waiting
14. -----Did you see Marty in the manager’s office?
-----Yes, he ______ by the manager.
A. is questioned B. was being questioned C. had been questioned D. was questioned
15. Look at this ! I _______ some magazines and _______ this card!
A. was looking through; found B. am looking through; had found
C. looked through; had found D. had looked through; finding
16. ------Tom’s wife took the place of him to attend the conference.
-------I would rather Tom _______ there, not his wife.
A. had been B. have been C. was D. went
17. -------Listen!
------I _______ but I _________ anything at all.
A. listened; have heard B. have listened; hear
C. was listening; wasn’t hearing D. am listening; don’t hear
18. The shop assistant promised me that the material ______ and what she said ______ to be true.
A. would be dried easily ; was proved B. will be dried easily; was proved
C. dried easily; proved D. was dried easily; proved
19. -----What place is it?
-----Haven’t you seen that we _____ back where we ______?
A. were, had been B. are, were C. were, have been D. are, had been
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)：BCCDD CCABD BBDBA ADCB
【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】
一、時(shí)態(tài)
（一） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法注意點(diǎn)：
1.狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，包括（1）be和have,或者含有be 和have意義的動(dòng)詞，如：belong to, contain, depend on, own, possess等；（2）feel, sound, smell, taste等連系動(dòng)詞；（3）hear, see, find等表示結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞；（4）表示心理或情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：believe, love, want, understand, wish等；
2.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和副詞always, forever等連用時(shí)，往往帶有一定的感情色彩，如贊揚(yáng)、批評(píng)、不滿、抱怨等；
（二） 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：
1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的未完成性、持續(xù)性，著眼于動(dòng)作的過程；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生過，且已結(jié)束，著眼于結(jié)果；如：
She was writing a report last night and I don’t know if she has finished it.(表示昨晚一直在寫)
She wrote a report last night.（表示昨晚寫了，并且寫好了）
2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, forever等詞連用表示一定的感情色彩；
He was always throwing things about. (表示不滿或討厭)
（三） 將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)：
A
B
C
D
be going to
表示“計(jì)劃、打算、安排將要做的事”時(shí)，主語(yǔ)只能是人
說話人說話之前已考慮過的
主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，表示說話人根據(jù)某種跡象主觀推測(cè)可能發(fā)生的事
不能用于含有條件句的主句中
will
表示將要發(fā)生某事或主語(yǔ)的“意愿”
說話人說話時(shí)刻才考慮到的
表示客觀規(guī)律必然發(fā)生的
可用于含有條件句的主句或從句中表示“意愿”
be to
表示安排、計(jì)劃要做的事
與第二人稱連用，表示轉(zhuǎn)述第三者的話
表示命令，相當(dāng)于should / must
表示“能”“該”“想要”“注定、不可避免”
be about to
表示動(dòng)作馬上發(fā)生；句中不能再加at once, immediately和表示具體時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)；常有“be about to…..when”結(jié)構(gòu)；
還可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；
（四） 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)：
1.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will / shall be doing
2.將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示到將來(lái)某時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will / shall have done,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為：by+表將來(lái)時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)；
如：I’ll be climbing the mountain this time the day after tomorrow.
By the time he graduates from the college, he will have learned three foreign languages.
（五） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及過去完成時(shí)的用法注意點(diǎn)：
1.瞬間性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確使用：與how long, for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：buy-have, keep-borrow, die-be dead, marry-be married, begin-be on, begin to know-know等；
2.注意have / had been to與have/ had gone to的區(qū)別；
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示從句中的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作前完成，如：
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
4.by+過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)；
5.有些動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望，這類動(dòng)詞為：think, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose等；
I had intended to visit you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.
（六） 現(xiàn)在/過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)到說話時(shí)且還在進(jìn)行；結(jié)構(gòu)：have (has) / had been doing
比較：They have repaired the road.(表示路已修好)
They have been repairing the road. （表示路還在修）
有時(shí)兩者可替換：She has taught in this middle school for ten years.
She has been teaching in this school for ten years.
注意：完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不可與瞬間性動(dòng)詞連用，如：finish, go, marry等；
（七） 某些固定句型中時(shí)態(tài)是固定的：
1.This / That / It is the first time +從句（用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
2.It’s / has been +一段時(shí)間+since從句（用過去時(shí)）
3.Hardly / No sooner had sb. done when / than +從句（用過去時(shí)）
4.It will be +一段時(shí)間+before從句（用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）/ It was +一段時(shí)間+before從句（用過去時(shí)）
5. It’s time+從句（用過去時(shí)或should do）
6.would rather+從句（用一般過去時(shí)/過去完成時(shí)）
It’s getting late. I’d rather you took a taxi there.
The film was boring. I’d rather I hadn’t gone to see it.
二、語(yǔ)態(tài)
1.動(dòng)詞sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等與well, smoothly, easily等連用時(shí)，說明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的“性能”“特點(diǎn)”，用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)；
2.表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義；
3.不及物動(dòng)詞及一些固定短語(yǔ)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗盡）, go out（熄滅）, come out（出版）, come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur等；
4.當(dāng)want, require, need作“需要”解，后接doing/ to be done作賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞do與主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；
5.be worth后接doing作賓語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義；
6.不定式to let（出租）, to blame（該受責(zé)備）表示被動(dòng)意義；
7.在“主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞（for sb.）+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，to do用主動(dòng)形式；
8.在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（名詞）+動(dòng)詞不定式to do（作定語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞，且為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；主語(yǔ)與to do為主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，此動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如：
I have a meeting to attend.
【各個(gè)擊破】
1. ------I took a photo of you just now.
-----Really? I _______ with attention.
A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. am not looking D. haven’t looked
2. ------You haven’t said a word about my new hair-style. What do you think of it?
-----I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty.
A. don’t say B. wasn’t saying C. didn’t say D. haven’t said
3. ------Can I help you, Madam?
-------No, thanks. I __________________.
A. have just looked around B. just look around
C. am just looking around D. just looked around
4. ------That famous cherry trees _________ because of pollution.
-----Yes, we have to do something to save it.
A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. is dying
5. She ought to stop reading; she has a headache because she _______ too long.
A. had read B. read C. is reading D. has been reading
6. ------You’re talking too much.
-------Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is hearing B. had heard C. hears D. heard
7. -------What have you been doing? I asked you a question. Why didn’t you answer?
-------Sorry, I ___________ to the news on the radio.
A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. had listened
8. -------You should have told him the date earlier.
-------I_______, but he forgot about it.
A. did B. have C. had D. should have
9. ------You could have asked Tom for help, for he is good at physics.
-----Really? Oh, a whole night __________. Why didn’t you tell me earlier?
A. is wasted B. was wasted C. had wasted D. has wasted
10. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who __________ him but failed.
A. held B. had held C. would hold D. was holding
11. You _________exercises at your desk! Why not take some exercise?
A. always do B. are always doing C. have always done D. have always been doing
12.----What were you up to when she dropped in?
----I ____ for a while and ____some reading.
A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did
C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did
13.Until then I _______ for him for hours in his office.
A. waited B. was waiting C. have been waiting D. had been waiting
14. -----Did you see Marty in the manager’s office?
-----Yes, he ______ by the manager.
A. is questioned B. was being questioned C. had been questioned D. was questioned
15. Look at this ! I _______ some magazines and _______ this card!
A. was looking through; found B. am looking through; had found
C. looked through; had found D. had looked through; finding
16. ------Tom’s wife took the place of him to attend the conference.
-------I would rather Tom _______ there, not his wife.
A. had been B. have been C. was D. went
17. -------Listen!
------I _______ but I _________ anything at all.
A. listened; have heard B. have listened; hear
C. was listening; wasn’t hearing D. am listening; don’t hear
18. The shop assistant promised me that the material ______ and what she said ______ to be true.
A. would be dried easily ; was proved B. will be dried easily; was proved
C. dried easily; proved D. was dried easily; proved
19. -----What place is it?
-----Haven’t you seen that we _____ back where we ______?
A. were, had been B. are, were C. were, have been D. are, had been
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)：BCCDD CCABD BBDBA ADCB