2008屆高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)講義-名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】
名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
近幾年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查重點(diǎn)如下：
【考點(diǎn)1】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞that與what的使用場(chǎng)合。
1． that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；而what是連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。
① ______ made the school proud was _______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春季)
A. What / because B. What / that C. That / what D. That / because
2．that在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中不可省略, 但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)和兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí)，第二個(gè)從句以下的that不可省略。
如：She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job.
② Word comes ________ a group of Australian guests will come to visit our school next week.
A. that B. which C. 不填 D. about which (2005天津•2月)
3．介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用what，whether引導(dǎo)，不用that，which引導(dǎo)。但在介詞besides，except，in后可用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。在有it作先行詞時(shí)，that可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
③ The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that (2004上海春季)
【考點(diǎn)2】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞whether與if 的用法區(qū)別。
可以互換的場(chǎng)合：
引導(dǎo)及物動(dòng)詞或形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句；
He is not sure if / whether he can manage to do it.
當(dāng)與or not分開(kāi)使用時(shí)
He wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not.
只能用whether不能用if的場(chǎng)合：
引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句及位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句；
引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句（有時(shí)可省略）；
后面緊跟or not時(shí)；
后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)
④ _____ the flight to New York will be delayed is ____ I’m especially worried about. (2003南京)
A. If ; what B. Whether ; that C. When ; that D. Whether ; what
【考點(diǎn)3】在動(dòng)詞：一堅(jiān)持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建議（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的賓語(yǔ)從句和這些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞后的主語(yǔ)從句，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞引出的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)部分常用（should）do形式。
⑤ I advised that he _____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well then.
A. be sent; was feeling B. was sent; sent
C. be sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel (2005年山東•2月)
【考點(diǎn)4】名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序只能是陳述句語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
⑥ They are teachers and don’t realize ______ to start and run a company. (2004 黃岡)
A. what takes it B. what they take C. what takes them D. what it takes
【考點(diǎn)5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可與no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how 替換，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)讓步主語(yǔ)從句。
⑦ —— Have a nice trip!
—— Thanks. I’ll telephone you from _____ I get to by tomorrow evening. (2004 廣州)
A. wherever B. every place C. whenever D. no matter where
定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查常涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：
【考點(diǎn)6】正確區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；理解關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用；特別注意指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
⑧ I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that (2004北京東城)
【考點(diǎn)7】關(guān)系代詞that，who，which以及as的用法區(qū)別。
指人時(shí)常只用who不用that的情況；
指物時(shí)只用which不用that的情況；
只用that不用which的情況；
關(guān)系代詞as與which的用法區(qū)別；
the same … that … 與the same … as …的區(qū)別
⑨ There is no such place ______ you dream of in all this world. (2004北京西城•5月)
A. that B. what C. which D. as
【考點(diǎn)8】區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that是純連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。
比較：
The news that they had won the game arrived soon.
The news that you told me yesterday is true.
⑩ Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春季)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
【考點(diǎn)9】定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須與先行詞在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)上保持一致。
⑾ He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship in three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been (2002上海春季)
【考點(diǎn)10】在先行詞為time，place，reason時(shí)，?？捎胻hat代替when，where，why，并常常省去。
如：That was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home.
⑿ What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it. (2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
【趨勢(shì)】近幾年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查日趨靈活，多以考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞為主，并且常與定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等相關(guān)知識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)考查。
【各個(gè)擊破】
1．The boy dived into the water and after _____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
A. what B. that C. it D. which
2．These two areas are similar _____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. except that B. in which C. in that D. so that
3．You may depend on ______ that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
A. which B. it C. whom D. these
4．Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ________ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska
5．Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is ______ watch _______ Helen lost the other day?
A. as the same ; as B. the same ; as C. the same ; which D. as the same ; that
6．The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, ______ is often the case in other countries.
A. as B. that C. so D. it
7．_____ was known to them all that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise.
A. As; which B. What; that C. It; that D. It; which
8．That is the reason ______ he gave us for carrying out the plan.
A. because B. why C. how D. that
9．Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which
10．The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationship with real-life people.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
11．Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, ____ it will be completely finished.
A. on that time B. by which time C. on which D. by the time
12．In the book, Newton is shown as a gifted scientist who stood at the point in history ______ magic ended and science began.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
13．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
14．The question of _____ they are old or young is not important.
A. / B. whether C. how D. if
15．Earth is a rocky planet ________ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.
A. as B. which C. where D. when
名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句：ACBDB ACDBA BABBC
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】
名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
近幾年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查重點(diǎn)如下：
【考點(diǎn)1】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞that與what的使用場(chǎng)合。
1． that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；而what是連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。
① ______ made the school proud was _______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春季)
A. What / because B. What / that C. That / what D. That / because
2．that在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中不可省略, 但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)和兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí)，第二個(gè)從句以下的that不可省略。
如：She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job.
② Word comes ________ a group of Australian guests will come to visit our school next week.
A. that B. which C. 不填 D. about which (2005天津•2月)
3．介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用what，whether引導(dǎo)，不用that，which引導(dǎo)。但在介詞besides，except，in后可用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。在有it作先行詞時(shí)，that可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
③ The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that (2004上海春季)
【考點(diǎn)2】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞whether與if 的用法區(qū)別。
可以互換的場(chǎng)合：
引導(dǎo)及物動(dòng)詞或形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句；
He is not sure if / whether he can manage to do it.
當(dāng)與or not分開(kāi)使用時(shí)
He wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not.
只能用whether不能用if的場(chǎng)合：
引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句及位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句；
引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句（有時(shí)可省略）；
后面緊跟or not時(shí)；
后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)
④ _____ the flight to New York will be delayed is ____ I’m especially worried about. (2003南京)
A. If ; what B. Whether ; that C. When ; that D. Whether ; what
【考點(diǎn)3】在動(dòng)詞：一堅(jiān)持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建議（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的賓語(yǔ)從句和這些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞后的主語(yǔ)從句，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞引出的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)部分常用（should）do形式。
⑤ I advised that he _____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well then.
A. be sent; was feeling B. was sent; sent
C. be sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel (2005年山東•2月)
【考點(diǎn)4】名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序只能是陳述句語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
⑥ They are teachers and don’t realize ______ to start and run a company. (2004 黃岡)
A. what takes it B. what they take C. what takes them D. what it takes
【考點(diǎn)5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可與no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how 替換，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)讓步主語(yǔ)從句。
⑦ —— Have a nice trip!
—— Thanks. I’ll telephone you from _____ I get to by tomorrow evening. (2004 廣州)
A. wherever B. every place C. whenever D. no matter where
定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查常涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：
【考點(diǎn)6】正確區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；理解關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用；特別注意指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
⑧ I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that (2004北京東城)
【考點(diǎn)7】關(guān)系代詞that，who，which以及as的用法區(qū)別。
指人時(shí)常只用who不用that的情況；
指物時(shí)只用which不用that的情況；
只用that不用which的情況；
關(guān)系代詞as與which的用法區(qū)別；
the same … that … 與the same … as …的區(qū)別
⑨ There is no such place ______ you dream of in all this world. (2004北京西城•5月)
A. that B. what C. which D. as
【考點(diǎn)8】區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that是純連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。
比較：
The news that they had won the game arrived soon.
The news that you told me yesterday is true.
⑩ Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春季)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
【考點(diǎn)9】定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須與先行詞在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)上保持一致。
⑾ He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship in three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been (2002上海春季)
【考點(diǎn)10】在先行詞為time，place，reason時(shí)，?？捎胻hat代替when，where，why，并常常省去。
如：That was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home.
⑿ What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it. (2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
【趨勢(shì)】近幾年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查日趨靈活，多以考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞為主，并且常與定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等相關(guān)知識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)考查。
【各個(gè)擊破】
1．The boy dived into the water and after _____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
A. what B. that C. it D. which
2．These two areas are similar _____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. except that B. in which C. in that D. so that
3．You may depend on ______ that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
A. which B. it C. whom D. these
4．Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ________ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska
5．Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is ______ watch _______ Helen lost the other day?
A. as the same ; as B. the same ; as C. the same ; which D. as the same ; that
6．The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, ______ is often the case in other countries.
A. as B. that C. so D. it
7．_____ was known to them all that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise.
A. As; which B. What; that C. It; that D. It; which
8．That is the reason ______ he gave us for carrying out the plan.
A. because B. why C. how D. that
9．Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which
10．The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationship with real-life people.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
11．Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, ____ it will be completely finished.
A. on that time B. by which time C. on which D. by the time
12．In the book, Newton is shown as a gifted scientist who stood at the point in history ______ magic ended and science began.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
13．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
14．The question of _____ they are old or young is not important.
A. / B. whether C. how D. if
15．Earth is a rocky planet ________ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.
A. as B. which C. where D. when
名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句：ACBDB ACDBA BABBC