2008屆高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義-簡(jiǎn)單句
【要點(diǎn)提示】
1、感嘆句：感嘆句有兩個(gè)基本句式句式：
1）What + N. phrase + subject + be / v. !
這里的名詞短語(yǔ)有以下三種可能：a、 a / an + adj. + 名詞單數(shù) b、adj. + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) c、adj. + 不可數(shù)名詞
e.g. What a lovely boy he is! What sweet flowers they are!
What cold weather it is!
2) How + adj. + the + N.(單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù))+ subject + be / link-v.
e.g. How lovely the boy is! How sweet the flowers are!
How could the weather is! How smooth the silk feels!
另：上兩種感嘆句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換
有時(shí), 在上下文明確的情況下，可以省略How后面的形容詞。
e.g. How (fast / well)the students work! How well / beautifully)she sings!
2、反意疑問(wèn)句：
1) 反意疑問(wèn)句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原則。
e.g. He likes playing football, doesn’t he?
You don’t watch TV in the evening, do you?
注：a、當(dāng)前否后肯時(shí)，要注意它的答局的意思。
e.g. She doesn’t speak English, does she?
Yes, she does.(不，她講英語(yǔ)的) No, she doesn’t. (是的，不講)
2）祈使句的反意部分用won’t you?/ shan’t we? 或will you?/ shall we? 但常用will you?/ shall we?
e.g Lend me a hand, will you? Let us pass through the room, will you?
Don’t make any noise, will you? Let’s play tennis now, shall we?
3）含有否定意思的副詞：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely 等，屬于準(zhǔn)否定詞，用于句中時(shí)，該句即為否定句。
e.g. He hardly goes home on Sundays, does he?
The little boy seldom tells lies, does he?
但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等詞，雖然也有否定意思，但由于它們是在一個(gè)詞前加前綴dis- / im- / un- 等或在詞后加后綴 -less構(gòu)成的，不屬于準(zhǔn)否定詞。當(dāng)這些詞用于句中時(shí)，該句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。
e.g. You dislike the way he speaks, don’t you?
It is impossible to finish the work in three hours, isn’t it?
4) must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意部分用must后面的動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)助動(dòng)詞形式。
e.g. He must know both English and French, doesn’t he?
She must have know the answer to the question, hasn’t she?
They must have visited the farm last week, didn’t they?
注意：a、Let me引起的祈使句，反意部分用will you? / won’t you? / may I。
b、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是：—body或—one 構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，反意部分的主語(yǔ)用he或they；是—thing 時(shí)，用it。
c、I am ….. 的反意部分用aren’t I?
3、雙賓語(yǔ)：有些英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以接雙賓語(yǔ)，句式為： subject + vt. + sb.(間接賓語(yǔ))+ sth.（直接賓語(yǔ)） 英語(yǔ)中，能接雙賓語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish…. 。
e.g. Can I ask you a question, Sir? She made me a model ship for my birthday.
注：帶雙賓語(yǔ)的句子可以被改為 subject + vt. + sth(直接賓語(yǔ))+ 介詞 + sb. 的形式。
其中的介詞，常用的有：to、 for、 of ….。歸納如下：
hand owe pay post promise read return send show teach… sth. to sb.
boil buy draw choose earn find gather order save sing … sth. for sb.
ask request demand sth. of / from sb.
另還有：play a joke / trick on sb ; play a game with / against sb.
e.g. Excuse me, you demand too much from / of me.
May I ask a question of you?
4、句型：Subject + link-v. + n. / adj.
在該句型中的系動(dòng)詞有特定含義，有“人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)”等形式變化。常用的有：
顯得：look , appear , seem
變得：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , run , turn
持續(xù)是：continue , keep , remain , stand , stay
聽（聞、嘗、摸）起來(lái)：sound, smell, taste, feel
證明是：prove
e.g. His words proved right. The dish smells wonderful.
5、有些動(dòng)詞不表示動(dòng)作，而表示事物的特性，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，這類動(dòng)詞有： wash, write, sell, drive, feel, hang….等。
e.g. Some pictures are hanging on the wall.
This kind of car drive smooth and fast.
The pen writes well so sells well.
【各個(gè)擊破】
1. ______ nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? (04西城４月)
A. How B. How a C. What a D. What
2. —Nothing wrong with it, _____? (04 南京質(zhì)檢)
—No. Yours is a special-built model. Drive carefully, though. It takes time to run in a new car.
A. is it B. has it C. are they D. is there
3. He had little idea that it was getting so late, _______? (04 長(zhǎng)春調(diào)研)
A. didn’t he B. wasn’t it C. did he D. was it
4. Polly must be unhappy without me, _____ she?
A. must B. is C. mustn’t D. isn’t
5. I’m late, ____?
A. am I B. am not I C. aren’t I D. aren’t you
6. Let’s go to the cinema, ____?
A. shall we B. will you C. will we D. don’t we
7. —— She didn’t come to school yesterday, did she?
—— ____, though she was not feeling very well.
A. No, she didn’t B. Yes, she didn’t C. No, she did D. Yes, she did
8. —— Alice, you feed (喂) the bird today, ____ ?
—— But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
9. The boy is unlike his mother, ____ he?
A. is B. isn’t C. doesn’t D. does
10. Do be careful when you cross the street, ____ you?
A. don’t B. aren’t C. will D. must
簡(jiǎn)單句：DAADC ADBBC
【要點(diǎn)提示】
1、感嘆句：感嘆句有兩個(gè)基本句式句式：
1）What + N. phrase + subject + be / v. !
這里的名詞短語(yǔ)有以下三種可能：a、 a / an + adj. + 名詞單數(shù) b、adj. + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) c、adj. + 不可數(shù)名詞
e.g. What a lovely boy he is! What sweet flowers they are!
What cold weather it is!
2) How + adj. + the + N.(單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù))+ subject + be / link-v.
e.g. How lovely the boy is! How sweet the flowers are!
How could the weather is! How smooth the silk feels!
另：上兩種感嘆句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換
有時(shí), 在上下文明確的情況下，可以省略How后面的形容詞。
e.g. How (fast / well)the students work! How well / beautifully)she sings!
2、反意疑問(wèn)句：
1) 反意疑問(wèn)句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原則。
e.g. He likes playing football, doesn’t he?
You don’t watch TV in the evening, do you?
注：a、當(dāng)前否后肯時(shí)，要注意它的答局的意思。
e.g. She doesn’t speak English, does she?
Yes, she does.(不，她講英語(yǔ)的) No, she doesn’t. (是的，不講)
2）祈使句的反意部分用won’t you?/ shan’t we? 或will you?/ shall we? 但常用will you?/ shall we?
e.g Lend me a hand, will you? Let us pass through the room, will you?
Don’t make any noise, will you? Let’s play tennis now, shall we?
3）含有否定意思的副詞：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely 等，屬于準(zhǔn)否定詞，用于句中時(shí)，該句即為否定句。
e.g. He hardly goes home on Sundays, does he?
The little boy seldom tells lies, does he?
但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等詞，雖然也有否定意思，但由于它們是在一個(gè)詞前加前綴dis- / im- / un- 等或在詞后加后綴 -less構(gòu)成的，不屬于準(zhǔn)否定詞。當(dāng)這些詞用于句中時(shí)，該句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。
e.g. You dislike the way he speaks, don’t you?
It is impossible to finish the work in three hours, isn’t it?
4) must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意部分用must后面的動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)助動(dòng)詞形式。
e.g. He must know both English and French, doesn’t he?
She must have know the answer to the question, hasn’t she?
They must have visited the farm last week, didn’t they?
注意：a、Let me引起的祈使句，反意部分用will you? / won’t you? / may I。
b、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是：—body或—one 構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，反意部分的主語(yǔ)用he或they；是—thing 時(shí)，用it。
c、I am ….. 的反意部分用aren’t I?
3、雙賓語(yǔ)：有些英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以接雙賓語(yǔ)，句式為： subject + vt. + sb.(間接賓語(yǔ))+ sth.（直接賓語(yǔ)） 英語(yǔ)中，能接雙賓語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish…. 。
e.g. Can I ask you a question, Sir? She made me a model ship for my birthday.
注：帶雙賓語(yǔ)的句子可以被改為 subject + vt. + sth(直接賓語(yǔ))+ 介詞 + sb. 的形式。
其中的介詞，常用的有：to、 for、 of ….。歸納如下：
hand owe pay post promise read return send show teach… sth. to sb.
boil buy draw choose earn find gather order save sing … sth. for sb.
ask request demand sth. of / from sb.
另還有：play a joke / trick on sb ; play a game with / against sb.
e.g. Excuse me, you demand too much from / of me.
May I ask a question of you?
4、句型：Subject + link-v. + n. / adj.
在該句型中的系動(dòng)詞有特定含義，有“人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)”等形式變化。常用的有：
顯得：look , appear , seem
變得：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , run , turn
持續(xù)是：continue , keep , remain , stand , stay
聽（聞、嘗、摸）起來(lái)：sound, smell, taste, feel
證明是：prove
e.g. His words proved right. The dish smells wonderful.
5、有些動(dòng)詞不表示動(dòng)作，而表示事物的特性，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，這類動(dòng)詞有： wash, write, sell, drive, feel, hang….等。
e.g. Some pictures are hanging on the wall.
This kind of car drive smooth and fast.
The pen writes well so sells well.
【各個(gè)擊破】
1. ______ nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? (04西城４月)
A. How B. How a C. What a D. What
2. —Nothing wrong with it, _____? (04 南京質(zhì)檢)
—No. Yours is a special-built model. Drive carefully, though. It takes time to run in a new car.
A. is it B. has it C. are they D. is there
3. He had little idea that it was getting so late, _______? (04 長(zhǎng)春調(diào)研)
A. didn’t he B. wasn’t it C. did he D. was it
4. Polly must be unhappy without me, _____ she?
A. must B. is C. mustn’t D. isn’t
5. I’m late, ____?
A. am I B. am not I C. aren’t I D. aren’t you
6. Let’s go to the cinema, ____?
A. shall we B. will you C. will we D. don’t we
7. —— She didn’t come to school yesterday, did she?
—— ____, though she was not feeling very well.
A. No, she didn’t B. Yes, she didn’t C. No, she did D. Yes, she did
8. —— Alice, you feed (喂) the bird today, ____ ?
—— But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
9. The boy is unlike his mother, ____ he?
A. is B. isn’t C. doesn’t D. does
10. Do be careful when you cross the street, ____ you?
A. don’t B. aren’t C. will D. must
簡(jiǎn)單句：DAADC ADBBC