語法易錯點點撥（名詞）
1. 名詞變復數(shù)的特殊形式
child---children, foot---feet, man---men, mouse---mice,
stomach---stomachs, tooth---teeth, woman---women, sheep---sheep,
deer---deer, Chinese---Chinese, a man doctor---men doctors,
a woman doctor---women doctors, looker-on---lookers-on,
grown-up---grown-ups
誤：There are many woman teachers in my school.
正：There are many women teachers in my school.
2. ?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞
advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress
誤：What a fine weather it is!
正：What fine weather it is!
3. 可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同
experience 經歷（可數(shù)）；經驗（不可數(shù)）
room 房間（可數(shù)）；空間（不可數(shù)）
exercise 練習（可數(shù)）；鍛煉、運動（不可數(shù)）
誤：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.
正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.
4. 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：
few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of…
誤：There is a large number of water in the hole.
正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.
5. 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：
little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of…
誤：There are a great deal of people living there.
正：There are a good many people living there.
6. 可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可修飾的有：
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, 如：
There are plenty of trees along the river.
There is a large quantity of snow on the top of the mountain.
7. 只有復數(shù)形式的名詞有：
trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings…
誤：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.
正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.
8. 復數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的有：
plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics…
誤：The news are exciting.
正：The news is exciting.
9. 復合名詞的復數(shù)形式。
girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups
誤：There’re many boys students in my class.
正：There’re many boy students in my class.
10. 名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)
police, cattle, clothes, goods
誤：Cattle sells well at that market.
正：Cattle sell well at that market.
11. 幾個應該特殊注意的名詞。
people (民族，人); village (村莊，村民)；man(男人，人類)，youth (年輕人，青年男子，青春)
誤：The Chinese are peace-loving people.
正：The Chinese are a peace-loving people.
12. 名詞所有格
1) 形式 's, of Tom's living room, teachers' office, teachers' room, a friend of mine, John and Mary's room, John's and Mary's rooms
2) 's適用范圍
有生命的物體、時間、距離、國家、城市、機構等
誤：This is the mountain's picture.
正：This is a picture of the mountain.
誤：John and Mary's schools are beautiful.
正：John's and Mary's schools are beautiful.
3) 不能被's所替換的所有格形式：
the city of Beijing, at the age of 20, the experience of the old, the struggle of the poor…
三 練習與檢測 (06年全國高考卷1)
單項填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）
2l. The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.
A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live
22. We______the last bus and didn't have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.
A. reached B. lost C. missed D. caught
23. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
24. There's no light on—they______ be at home.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
25.- Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bank is, please?
－______ Oh yes! It's past the office, next to a big market.
A. Mm, let me think. B. Oh, I beg your pardon?
C. You're welcome. D. What do you mean?
26. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
27. Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ______ his leg.
A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck
28. ______he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although
29. The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels
30. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
- Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
31. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
32. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
33. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
34. - I wonder if I could possibly use your car for tonight?
-______. I'm not using it anyhow.
A. Sure, go head B. I don't know C. Yes, indeed D. I don't care
35. Mary, ______ here —everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
四 答案與解析：
21．答案：D
解析：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。根據所提供的情景The house belongs to my aunt可判斷出是以現(xiàn)在為基點，所以表示她現(xiàn)在不在這里住了要用現(xiàn)在時。
22．答案：C
解析：miss意為“錯過”，指由于某種原因錯過了某個機會、某趟車等。根據所提供的情景didn’t have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home可判斷出誤了火車。reach意為“到達”，指到達某個地方。lose意為“丟失”，丟失了最后一趟火車明顯錯誤。catch意為“趕上”，與所提供的情景矛盾。
23．答案：D
解析：what引導表語從句，在從句中做did的賓語。when引導表語從句時，在從句中作時間狀語，表示“當……的時候”。which引導表語從句時，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，意為“哪一個”，表示在有限的范圍內中的某一個。where引導表語從句時，在從句中作狀語，表示“在……地方”。
24．答案：A
解析：“can’t + 動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在情況的猜測或判斷，意為“不可能”。根據所提供的情景There’s no light on可判斷出他們不可能在家。mustn’t后接動詞原形表示“禁止，不準”，不用于表示猜測、推測或判斷。needn’t意為“沒必要”，表示沒有必要做某事。shouldn’t意為“不應該”，表示不應該做。
25．答案：A
解析：Mm, let me think.的意思是“嗯，讓我想一想。”根據所提供的情景Oh yes! It’s past the post office, next to a big market.可判斷出說話者經過思考，想起了銀行所在地。Oh, I beg your pardon?的意思是“嗯，請再說一遍。”You’re welcome.是回答對方感謝的用語，表示“不用謝。”What do you mean?意思是“你是什么意思？”是非常不禮貌的答語。
26．答案：C
解析：if I can help it意為“如果我有辦法”，表示有辦法做某事，或有辦法控制某個局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night說明如果有辦法，不喜歡工作到深夜。so意為“這樣”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的動作。that用于代替上文的內容。
27．答案：B
解析：hurt意為“傷害，刺痛”，常指肉體上或精神上受到傷害，尤指打傷、刺傷，強調痛苦的后果，但不十分嚴重。表明Mike在踢足球時受了傷。damage意為“損壞，損害”，主要指破壞或降低價值或局部功能，可用于生物，更常用于非生物。hit意為“打”，指有目標地重重一擊，側重擊中和用力。strike意為“打，敲，擊，毆，碰，撞，攻擊，沖擊”，但比hit正式，指急促、突然、一次性地打擊，也指用力地敲打。
28．答案：D
解析：although引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然……，但是……”，根據句意可判斷出雖然這位老工人在技術知識方面有限，但他有豐富的經驗。since和as引導原因狀語從句，since從句表示從上文中已經很清楚的或不言自明的原因，語氣較because從句弱，較as從句強，有時不是直接的或根本的原因，而只是推理，多前置。as從句多用來解釋主句的原因，語氣較弱，常表示顯而易見的理由，多用于日常會話。unless引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果不……，除非”。
29．答案：C
解析：feel是常用詞，含義廣泛，可表示感官、情感、想法等，主要指通過感官感知或知覺。作系動詞時，后接形容詞，表示“摸上去”，不用作被動語態(tài)。根據所提供的情景when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise可判斷出要用一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生的事。
30．答案：B
解析：人的姓名前加不定冠詞表示某一個“叫……的人”。因為叫同一名字的現(xiàn)象非常普遍，所以用不定冠詞表示某一個叫什么名字的人。
31．答案：D
解析：as if意為“好像，仿佛……似的”，所引導的從句如果表示真實情況，謂語動詞用陳述語氣。如果表示非真實情況，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。因為Eliza所能想起的事都發(fā)生在過去，而不是發(fā)生在昨天，是非真實情況，所以要用虛擬語氣。
32．答案：B
解析：surprised作狀語，表示Tony站起來領獎時的心情。一般說來，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如surprise， excite ，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語的意思是“使吃驚”、“使激動”、“使感興趣”。因而動詞+ing形式表示“令人吃驚”、“令人激動”、“令人感興趣”。動詞+ed形式表示“感到……的”。
33．答案：B
解析：when引導賓語從句，在從句中作時間狀語，意為“當……的時候”。根據所提供的情景I may be in time to see him off.可判斷出說話人請求對方提醒的是走的時間。在這個句子中，he said是插入語，remind me when he was going表示“提醒我他什么時候走”。where引導賓語從句表示“在……地方”。how引導賓語從句表示“如何”。what在賓語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
34．答案：A
解析：Sure, go ahead.表示同意對方的請求。根據所提供的情景I’m not using it anyhow.可判斷出因為現(xiàn)在不使用汽車，同意把汽車借給對方。
35．答案：A
解析：根據句子的結構可判斷出這是祈使句，所以要用動詞原形開頭。祈使句表示命令、要求、請求或勸告等。祈使句一般以動詞原形開頭，無時態(tài)及數(shù)的變化，句末用句號或感嘆號。
1. 名詞變復數(shù)的特殊形式
child---children, foot---feet, man---men, mouse---mice,
stomach---stomachs, tooth---teeth, woman---women, sheep---sheep,
deer---deer, Chinese---Chinese, a man doctor---men doctors,
a woman doctor---women doctors, looker-on---lookers-on,
grown-up---grown-ups
誤：There are many woman teachers in my school.
正：There are many women teachers in my school.
2. ?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞
advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress
誤：What a fine weather it is!
正：What fine weather it is!
3. 可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同
experience 經歷（可數(shù)）；經驗（不可數(shù)）
room 房間（可數(shù)）；空間（不可數(shù)）
exercise 練習（可數(shù)）；鍛煉、運動（不可數(shù)）
誤：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.
正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.
4. 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：
few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of…
誤：There is a large number of water in the hole.
正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.
5. 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：
little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of…
誤：There are a great deal of people living there.
正：There are a good many people living there.
6. 可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可修飾的有：
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, 如：
There are plenty of trees along the river.
There is a large quantity of snow on the top of the mountain.
7. 只有復數(shù)形式的名詞有：
trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings…
誤：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.
正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.
8. 復數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的有：
plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics…
誤：The news are exciting.
正：The news is exciting.
9. 復合名詞的復數(shù)形式。
girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups
誤：There’re many boys students in my class.
正：There’re many boy students in my class.
10. 名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)
police, cattle, clothes, goods
誤：Cattle sells well at that market.
正：Cattle sell well at that market.
11. 幾個應該特殊注意的名詞。
people (民族，人); village (村莊，村民)；man(男人，人類)，youth (年輕人，青年男子，青春)
誤：The Chinese are peace-loving people.
正：The Chinese are a peace-loving people.
12. 名詞所有格
1) 形式 's, of Tom's living room, teachers' office, teachers' room, a friend of mine, John and Mary's room, John's and Mary's rooms
2) 's適用范圍
有生命的物體、時間、距離、國家、城市、機構等
誤：This is the mountain's picture.
正：This is a picture of the mountain.
誤：John and Mary's schools are beautiful.
正：John's and Mary's schools are beautiful.
3) 不能被's所替換的所有格形式：
the city of Beijing, at the age of 20, the experience of the old, the struggle of the poor…
三 練習與檢測 (06年全國高考卷1)
單項填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）
2l. The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.
A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live
22. We______the last bus and didn't have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.
A. reached B. lost C. missed D. caught
23. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
24. There's no light on—they______ be at home.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
25.- Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bank is, please?
－______ Oh yes! It's past the office, next to a big market.
A. Mm, let me think. B. Oh, I beg your pardon?
C. You're welcome. D. What do you mean?
26. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
27. Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ______ his leg.
A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck
28. ______he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although
29. The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels
30. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
- Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
31. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
32. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
33. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
34. - I wonder if I could possibly use your car for tonight?
-______. I'm not using it anyhow.
A. Sure, go head B. I don't know C. Yes, indeed D. I don't care
35. Mary, ______ here —everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
四 答案與解析：
21．答案：D
解析：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。根據所提供的情景The house belongs to my aunt可判斷出是以現(xiàn)在為基點，所以表示她現(xiàn)在不在這里住了要用現(xiàn)在時。
22．答案：C
解析：miss意為“錯過”，指由于某種原因錯過了某個機會、某趟車等。根據所提供的情景didn’t have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home可判斷出誤了火車。reach意為“到達”，指到達某個地方。lose意為“丟失”，丟失了最后一趟火車明顯錯誤。catch意為“趕上”，與所提供的情景矛盾。
23．答案：D
解析：what引導表語從句，在從句中做did的賓語。when引導表語從句時，在從句中作時間狀語，表示“當……的時候”。which引導表語從句時，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，意為“哪一個”，表示在有限的范圍內中的某一個。where引導表語從句時，在從句中作狀語，表示“在……地方”。
24．答案：A
解析：“can’t + 動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在情況的猜測或判斷，意為“不可能”。根據所提供的情景There’s no light on可判斷出他們不可能在家。mustn’t后接動詞原形表示“禁止，不準”，不用于表示猜測、推測或判斷。needn’t意為“沒必要”，表示沒有必要做某事。shouldn’t意為“不應該”，表示不應該做。
25．答案：A
解析：Mm, let me think.的意思是“嗯，讓我想一想。”根據所提供的情景Oh yes! It’s past the post office, next to a big market.可判斷出說話者經過思考，想起了銀行所在地。Oh, I beg your pardon?的意思是“嗯，請再說一遍。”You’re welcome.是回答對方感謝的用語，表示“不用謝。”What do you mean?意思是“你是什么意思？”是非常不禮貌的答語。
26．答案：C
解析：if I can help it意為“如果我有辦法”，表示有辦法做某事，或有辦法控制某個局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night說明如果有辦法，不喜歡工作到深夜。so意為“這樣”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的動作。that用于代替上文的內容。
27．答案：B
解析：hurt意為“傷害，刺痛”，常指肉體上或精神上受到傷害，尤指打傷、刺傷，強調痛苦的后果，但不十分嚴重。表明Mike在踢足球時受了傷。damage意為“損壞，損害”，主要指破壞或降低價值或局部功能，可用于生物，更常用于非生物。hit意為“打”，指有目標地重重一擊，側重擊中和用力。strike意為“打，敲，擊，毆，碰，撞，攻擊，沖擊”，但比hit正式，指急促、突然、一次性地打擊，也指用力地敲打。
28．答案：D
解析：although引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然……，但是……”，根據句意可判斷出雖然這位老工人在技術知識方面有限，但他有豐富的經驗。since和as引導原因狀語從句，since從句表示從上文中已經很清楚的或不言自明的原因，語氣較because從句弱，較as從句強，有時不是直接的或根本的原因，而只是推理，多前置。as從句多用來解釋主句的原因，語氣較弱，常表示顯而易見的理由，多用于日常會話。unless引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果不……，除非”。
29．答案：C
解析：feel是常用詞，含義廣泛，可表示感官、情感、想法等，主要指通過感官感知或知覺。作系動詞時，后接形容詞，表示“摸上去”，不用作被動語態(tài)。根據所提供的情景when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise可判斷出要用一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生的事。
30．答案：B
解析：人的姓名前加不定冠詞表示某一個“叫……的人”。因為叫同一名字的現(xiàn)象非常普遍，所以用不定冠詞表示某一個叫什么名字的人。
31．答案：D
解析：as if意為“好像，仿佛……似的”，所引導的從句如果表示真實情況，謂語動詞用陳述語氣。如果表示非真實情況，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。因為Eliza所能想起的事都發(fā)生在過去，而不是發(fā)生在昨天，是非真實情況，所以要用虛擬語氣。
32．答案：B
解析：surprised作狀語，表示Tony站起來領獎時的心情。一般說來，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如surprise， excite ，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語的意思是“使吃驚”、“使激動”、“使感興趣”。因而動詞+ing形式表示“令人吃驚”、“令人激動”、“令人感興趣”。動詞+ed形式表示“感到……的”。
33．答案：B
解析：when引導賓語從句，在從句中作時間狀語，意為“當……的時候”。根據所提供的情景I may be in time to see him off.可判斷出說話人請求對方提醒的是走的時間。在這個句子中，he said是插入語，remind me when he was going表示“提醒我他什么時候走”。where引導賓語從句表示“在……地方”。how引導賓語從句表示“如何”。what在賓語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
34．答案：A
解析：Sure, go ahead.表示同意對方的請求。根據所提供的情景I’m not using it anyhow.可判斷出因為現(xiàn)在不使用汽車，同意把汽車借給對方。
35．答案：A
解析：根據句子的結構可判斷出這是祈使句，所以要用動詞原形開頭。祈使句表示命令、要求、請求或勸告等。祈使句一般以動詞原形開頭，無時態(tài)及數(shù)的變化，句末用句號或感嘆號。