四六級語法詞匯4

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定語從句中關(guān)系代詞that的用法
    1)在既指人又指事物的兩個或兩個以上的先行詞后面。例如:
    They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.
    2)在限制性定語從句中有形容詞級的先行詞后面。例如:
    He is the best student that I have ever met.
    3)在以“It is……”,“It was……”等開頭的強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,和相應(yīng)的疑問句中。如:
    What is it that he wants?
    4)在only, all, little的后面
    This is all that I know.
    5)在no, every, some和any等詞后面,也包括在它們的復(fù)合詞在內(nèi)。如:
    There is no person that is always in the right.
    Is there anything that I can do for you?
    近義詞辨析
    beautiful, goodlooking, handsome, lovely, pretty
    這組詞均含有“美麗”、“漂亮”、“可愛”的意思。
    Beautiful指能不僅給人帶來感官上的快樂,而且通過感官產(chǎn)生思想和靈魂的愉悅,在同類詞中層次。
    She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我記憶中的她更漂亮了。
    goodlooking 不如handsome, pretty意思強(qiáng)烈,指一般的“好看”或“悅目”。
    That goodlooking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那個長相不錯的年輕人一星期光顧一兩次。
    handsome 通常是一種客觀的不帶感情色彩的評價。一個人如被形容為handsome,是指此人外貌符合觀察者的要求,但不激發(fā)更深層的感受。
    He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西裝顯得非常英俊。
    lovely比感官的快樂更進(jìn)一步,是強(qiáng)調(diào)純粹情感上的愉悅,指覺得某人或某物“可愛”。
    Mary has two lovely daughters.瑪麗有兩個可愛的女兒。
    pretty也是“漂亮、可愛”的意思。很少形容大而有影響力的事物,多形容事物不以其優(yōu)秀、完美而以小巧、優(yōu)雅、精致見長,使人容易接受并喜愛。
    Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友覺得她是鎮(zhèn)上最漂亮的女孩。
    全真模擬試題
    1. Evidence came up ______ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.
    A. what B. that C. which D. whose
    2. I understand ______ preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.
    A. more than the enormous amount of
    B. better than most the enormous number of
    C. better than most the enormous amount of 
    D. fewer than the number of
    3. I‘m sure your suggestion will ______ the problem.
    A. contribute to solving 
    B. be contributed to solve 
    C. contribute to solve 
    D. be contributed to solving
    4. In 1840, both Lucretian Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton resented ______ proper seating at the World‘s Antislavery convention in London because of their sex.
    A. refusing B. to be refused 
    C. being refused D. having refused
    5. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it
    ______ before the West was settled.
    A. could B. did C. would D. was
    6. You should have put the milk into the icebox, I expect it ______ undrinkable.
    A. became B. had become
    C. has become D. becomes
    7. It‘s no good ______ him. He is always indifferent towards others’ matters.
    A. to turn to B. turning to C. turn to D. turned to
    8. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis
    on pressure ______。
    A. than more on efficiency 
    B. and more on efficiency 
    C. and more efficiency 
    D. than efficiency
    9. She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children
    ______ it by mistake.
    A. took B. should take C. had taken D. would take
    10. The earnings of women are well below that of men ______
    educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.
    A. although B. though C. despite of D. in spite of
    11. Many automobile accidents were ______ careless driving.
    A. attributed to B. resulted in 
    C. contributed to D. raised from
    12. The actress wanted a hat to ______ her dress.
    A. go by B. go through C. go out D. go with
    13. It takes a lot of______ to put on a school play such
    as King Lear.
    A. organization B. arrangement 
    C. management D. preparation
    14. The police carried out a(n)______ search for the mising boy.
    A. complete B. entire C. thorough D. whole
    15. The ______ crown jewels are kept in the Tower of London.
    A. valued B. valueless C. invaluable D. usable
    16. Tom has been a vegetarian ______ principle for years.
    A. in B. on C. for D. by
    17. When I got out of the car and walked about among them, ______
    one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer.
    A. see that B. except that 
    C. provided that D. except for
    18. ______ the water left in the kettle, the doctor put
    several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief.
    A. At B. To C. Within D. Into
    19. I am ______ grateful for the many kindnesses you have shown my son.
    A. excessively B. much C. certainly D. exceedingly
    20. The ______ of AIDS has led to an expansion in resear
    ch seeking a cure.
    A. innovation B. selection C. proliferation D. conviction
    21. I am sorry I have no time at present to ______ more
    detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.
    A. bring into B. take into C. come into D. go into
    
    22. When the idea of winning in sports is carried to excess, ______
    competition can turn into disorder and violence.
    A. honestly B. honest C. honorable D. honorary
    23. Unless all the members agree to ______ to the plan
    there may be further development in the course of action.
    A. tumble B. stick C. come D. adjust
    24. You must pay import ______ on certain goods brought
    into this country.
    A. money B. fees C. bills D. duties
    25. We expect Mr. White will ______ Class One when Miss
    Jane retires.
    A. take over B. take up C. take off D. take to
    試題答案與解析
    1. B)
    「句意」 有證據(jù)表明,小至六個月的嬰兒就能識別具體的聲音。
    「難點」 evidence后面的同位語從句被全句的謂語動詞came up隔開,同
    位語從句須由that引導(dǎo),所以B)項正確。
    
    2. C)
    「句意」 我比多數(shù)人更能理解員工們在最后期限的壓力下所做的大量準(zhǔn)備工作。
    「難點」 understand better than……意為“對…非常理解”。preparation是不可數(shù)名詞,須用amount修飾,故選C)。
    3. A)
    「句意」 我相信你的建議將有助于問題的解決。
    「難點」 contribute to意為“有助于,促成”,to是介詞,所以后面應(yīng)接名詞或動名詞,故選A)。
    4. C)
    「句意」 1840年,露克里蒂安。莫特和伊麗莎白。凱蒂。斯坦頓因為他們的性別而沒有得到倫敦世界廢奴大會的席位,他們對此表示憤慨。
    「難點」 resent后接名詞或動名詞作賓語,根據(jù)句意的要求,應(yīng)使用動名詞的被動語態(tài)形式,故選C)。
    5. B)
    「句意」 作為一個國家來說,美國將不再具有開拓西部前所具有的那種冒險精神。
    「難點」 從意義來看,空格應(yīng)填had,但主句中have是實義動詞,為避免重復(fù),可用助動詞do替代,即用did替代had,故B)為答案。
    6. C)
    「句意」 你本該把牛奶放到冰里。我想現(xiàn)在這牛奶不能喝了。
    「難點」 從句意分析,牛奶已經(jīng)變質(zhì),不能喝了,屬過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響,再加上by now是現(xiàn)在完成時的典型時間狀語,故選C)
    7. B)
    「句意」 向他求助沒用,他對別人的事總是漠不關(guān)心。
    「難點」 It is no good doing sth是一個常見的句型,意為“做…沒用”,no good后面應(yīng)接動名詞形式。
    8. B)
    「句意」 有些公司采用彈性工作時間制,更注重效率,而不是壓力。
    「難點」 pressure和efficiency處于并列的位置,所以正確答案是B)。and more on efficiency,即more(emphasis) on efficiency.
    9. B)
    「句意」 她總是把自己的藥放到擱架上以免孩子錯拿。
    「難點」 lest意為“以免”,后接虛擬語氣should+動詞原形。
    10. D)
    「句意」 盡管兩性之間所受教育的差別正在縮小,婦女的收入仍大大低于男人的收入。
    「難點」 四個選項中只有in spite of后可接名詞,despite不能和of連用,although和though是連詞,后接從句。
    11. A)
    「句意」 許多汽車交通事故都起因于莽撞駕車。
    「難點」 attribute to意為“把…歸因于;contribute to意為”有助于,促成“;result in意為”導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果造成“;raise from不是固定搭配。
    12. D)
    「句意」 那個女演員想要一個與她的連衣裙相配的帽子。
    「難點」 go with意為“與…相配”;go by意為“根據(jù)…作出判斷”;go through意為“通過;經(jīng)歷”;go out意為“過時”。
    13. A)
    「句意」 上演《李爾王》這樣一部校園劇需要大量的組織工作。
    「難點」 organization意為“組織(行為)”;arrangement意為“安排”;management意為“經(jīng)營,管理”;preparation意為“準(zhǔn)備(狀態(tài));準(zhǔn)備工作”。
    14. C)
    「句意」 警方為尋找失蹤的男孩進(jìn)行了一次徹底搜尋。
    「難點」 thorough意為“徹底的”;complete意為“完全的,全部的”;entire意為“整個的,全部的”;whole意為“全體的,全部的”。
    15. C)
    「句意」 那些無價的皇冠珠寶保存在倫敦塔里。
    「難點」 invaluable意為“非常寶貴的,無價的”;valued意為“受重視的;寶貴的”;valueless意為“沒有價值的,毫無用處的”;usable意為“可用的,能用的”。
    16. B)
    「句意」 多年來,湯姆一直是一個按原則行事的素食者。
    「難點」 on principle意為“根據(jù)行為準(zhǔn)則;按照原則”;in principle意為“原則上;基本上;大體上”。for和by不與principle搭配。
    17. D)
    「句意」 當(dāng)我下車走在他們中間的時候,除了一個老頭不滿地?fù)u了搖頭,大家都開始?xì)g呼。
    「難點」 except for意為“除…以外”,后接名詞;see that意為“留意…;負(fù)責(zé)…;務(wù)必
    …“;except that意為”除去…之外“后接句子;provided that意為”倘若,在…條件下“。
    18. D)
    「句意」 那位醫(yī)生打開手帕里包著的幾樣?xùn)|西,放入了壺內(nèi)剩下的水里。
    「難點」 為強(qiáng)調(diào)放入水中,把地點狀語放到了句首。
    19. D)
    「句意」 我非常感激你給我兒子的那么多照顧。
    「難點」 exceedingly意為“非常,極其”;excessively意為“過多地,過分地”;much
    常以too much,so much,very much的形式出現(xiàn);certainly意為“無疑地;一定”。
    20. C)
    「句意」 愛滋病的擴(kuò)散使得人們做更多的研究工作去尋找治療的方法。
    「難點」 proliferation意為“激增;擴(kuò)散”;innovation意為“革新,創(chuàng)新”;selection意為“選擇;選
    拔“;conviction意為”定罪,判罪“。
    21. D)
    「句意」 對不起,我眼下沒時間講得更細(xì),也不能把其它旅游城市給你進(jìn)行一個描述。
    「難點」 go into意為“敘述;討論”;bring后面很少加into; take into和come into與本題意不符。
    22. C)
    「句意」 當(dāng)競爭意識發(fā)展到極端時,榮譽可能變成混亂和暴力。
    「難點」 honorable意為“榮譽的,光榮的”;honestly是副詞,意為“誠實地”,不能修
    飾名詞,honest雖能修飾名詞,但其意義不合題意;honorary意為“(學(xué)位、稱號等)作為一種榮譽而授予的,名譽的”。
    23. B)
    「句意」 除非所有成員都同意堅持這個計劃,否則行動過程中會有進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。
    「難點」 stick to意為“堅持;堅守”;tumble to意為“突然察覺”;come to意為“降臨,發(fā)生”;adjust to意為“調(diào)整;適應(yīng)”。
    24. D)
    「句意」 帶入本國的某些商品要交進(jìn)口稅。
    「難點」 duties意為“稅,關(guān)稅”;bill意為“帳單”;fee意為“費”。
    24. A)
    「句意」 我們希望珍妮小姐退休后,懷特先生能夠接管一班。
    「難點」 take over意為“接收,接管”;take up意為“開始采用;采取,承擔(dān)”;take off意為“脫去;拿掉”;take to意為“開始從事;開始沉湎于”。